Board of Supervisors v. Van Liew

Grant, J. {after stating the facts). 1. The liability of the defendant is based upon 3 Comp. Laws, § 12014, which reads as follows: , . “ That in all prosecutions for any crime or misdemeanor, when the prosecution is at the instance of a-private person, and not of some public officer or of the grand jury, such person shall give security for costs, and if the defendant or prisoner be discharged on examination by such magistrate, or acquitted on trial, or a nolle prosequi be entered on the indictment by order of the court before which it may be pending, the prosecutor shall pay all costs which shall have accrued to the court, sheriff, constable and jury, and upon proceedings had upon such complaint, execution shall issue for the collection of such costs as in civil cases, as well against the surety as against the prosecutor, unless the magistrate or, court before whom the complaint is made or trial is had, shall certify in his minutes that there was probable cause for the making of such complaint.” This statute was enacted in 1849 (Act No. 77, Laws of 1849). In 1883 (Act No. 108, Pub. Acts 1883) the legislature enacted— "That it shall not be lawful hereafter for justices of the peace to issue warrants in any criminal cases, except in cases not cognizable by justices of the peace, or breach of the peace committed in the presence of the officer making the arrest, until an order in writing allowing the same is filed with such justice, and signed by the prosecuting attorney for the county, or unless security for cost shall have been filed with said justice: Provided,” etc. 1 Comp Laws, § 1061. The proviso is unimportant. It is held in People v. Griswold, 64 Mich. 722, that the failure to file security for costs, even in cases cognizable by justices of the peace, was no concern of the respondent, that the act did not limit or curtail the jurisdiction of justices of the peace, and that the people through their representative, the prosecuting attorney, might approve the prosecution, though no security were given. It is held in Sunderlin v. Board of Sup’rs of Ionia Co., [523] 119 Mich. 535, and Hutchinson v. Board of Sup’rs of Ionia Co., 130 Mich. 62, that justices of the peace, by failure to comply with the statute, were subject to a loss of fees. By these provisions of the statute the public are sufficiently protected against liability for the costs of suits which are improvidently started and prosecuted at the instance of private individuals. • The crime charged by the defendant was a serious one. Counsel for plaintiff did not offer to show that the prosecution was not authorized by the prosecuting attorney. Counsel for defendant in their brief state that the prose; cution was authorized by him, but there is no evidence of it. If the defendant made a truthful statement of all the facts to the prosecuting attorney, and he advised and authorized the prosecution, the defendant would not be liable in an action for malicious prosecution or false imprisonment. The same rule ought certainly to exempt him from the payment of costs, where he has acted in good faith, has not been asked to give security for costs, and the prosecuting attorney has waived it. Are prosecuting attorneys prohibited to entertain proceedings based upon the complaints of private citizens unless they will give security for costs ? Undoubtedly the law contemplates that police officers, in all those crimes which affect the public-welfare shall, upon the receipt of information, investigate, lay the results of their investigation before the prosecuting attorney and the magistrate, and themselves make the complaints if the prosecuting attorney directs them. The law neither requires nor prohibits a private individual to make complaints. In the absence of official action, the prosecuting attorney and the magistrate may determine whether the facts disclosed are sufficient to justify the making of a complaint, and may authorize the private citizen to make it. Where the private citizen has done this, acting under the advice or assent of the prosecuting attorney, he is not liable for the costs. 2. If, however, I am wrong in the above conclusion, I think it entirely clear that the statute does not make the [524] complaining party liable for the costs where no security has been given. The action of the circuit judge in certifying that there was probable cause for the making of the complaint applies only where the complaining witness has given security. The statute provides for a summary disposition of the question of costs and the entry of judgment, and that execution upon that judgment shall issue against the complainant and his surety. The statute does not say that the complaining party shall be liable without security, or that the court may make the certificate in his minutes where no security has been given. It does say that he shall be liable when he has given security. Two other important questions are presented by the record; but this disposal of the case renders it unnecessary to discuss them. • Judgment affirmed. McAlvay, C. J., and Carpenter, Blair, Montgomery, Ostrander, Hooker, and Moore, JJ., concurred.