Balch v. Wilson

Cornell, J. The note sued on was a joint note of the defendants given to the bank, dated on April 18, 1877, and payable one month after its date. The bank was put into the hands of the receiver, under the national banking law, on May 29, 1877, which was after the maturity of said note. Giving to the averments of the answer the most favorable [302] construction claimed by defendants, tbe three several notes .set np as a ground for the equitable relief sought, originated in the settlement of a transaction between the defendant Kimball alone, and the bank and Tidd & Fales. Said notes were given to Kimball by the bank and Tidd & Fales, as joint makers, being dated April 16, 1877, and payable respectively in twelve, fifteen and eighteen months next thereafter, with interest. Neither of these notes were du,e at the time the receiver was appointed, nor were they or either of them due when this action was commenced, which appears to have been in November, 1877. It is alleged in the answer that the defendant Kimball transferred or assigned one-half of these notes to the defendant Wilson, prior to the commencement of this action, but whether before or after the appointment of the receiver is not stated. It cannot be assumed that Wilson acquired any interest in the notes prior to that time, as no such fact is alleged in the pleading. The insolvency of both the bank and Tidd & Fales, the other makers of the notes, is properly alleged. The further fact is alleged, though clearly an immaterial one in this action, that a claim for the amount ■of these notes has been duly made to the receiver, and disallowed. Upon this state of facts, the defendants ask that the plaintiff be estopped from collecting his demand against the defendants, and that so much of the defendants’ demand as may be necessary be set off against that due to the bank in payment of the same, and for other and further relief as may seem just. The respective rights and liabilities existing between the bank and its creditors and debtors became fixed when -its insolvency occurred, and it passed into the hands of the receiver appointed by the comptroller of the currency. All the property and assets of the association then became a fund legally dedicated, first, to the satisfaction of any claim of the United States government for any deficiency in the proceeds of the bonds pledged for the redemption of its notes to meet the amount necessary to be expended for that purpose; and, see [303] oncl, for a ratable distribution of the balance among its general creditors, upon the principle of equality. No subsequent lien could be created, or right or preference obtained, in .respect to any of the assets -or property of the bank, which did not exist at that time. National Bank v. Colby, 21 Wall. 609. The rights of the parties hereto, then, must be determined with reference to the conditon of things existing when the receiver herein was appointed; and unless the defendant Kimball, the then holder and owner of the notes against the bank, had at that time the equitable right of set-off here .claimed, it is clear that it does not exist in favor of the defendants. U. S. Trust Co. v. Harris, 2 Bosw. 76; Clark v. Brockway, 3 Keyes, 13; Matter of Middle-District Bank, 1 Paige, 585; Clarke v. Hawkins, 5 R. I. 219. At that time the joint note of the defendants to the bank was overdue. If it had been paid at maturity according to its terms, the proceeds would have passed into the hands of the receiver as cash assets, subject, without doubt, to be equally .and ratably distributed among the general creditors of the . association, after settlement of the prior claim of the government according to the provisions of the national banking law. Kimball, the then owner of the claims against the bank, could not have acquired any preference over its other general creditors in respect to the moneys thus received 'by it on account • of the payment of the note against the defendants. Their failure to pay it when due ought not to place them in any better position than they would have occupied had they faithfully discharged their own obligation at maturity, according to its terms. It would be a strange principle in equity which would enable a party to derive an advantage from his own delinquency which he could not otherwise have enjoyed. When the receiver was appointed, Kimball was the sole owner • of the three notes against the bank, which are now sought to be used as an equitable offset to its claim against the defendants. This claim was overdue. It was a joint one in favor • of the bank against both defendants. It had no connection [304] with the notes then belonging to Kimball, having originated in an entirely separate and distinct transaction. These notes-were joint demands against the bank and Tidd & Fales, and not yet due. The respective claims being thus wholly independent of each other, and between different parties, they do-not occupy the position of mutual demands between the same parties, originating in a mutual credit, and there was clearly no connection between them upon which, under any circumstances, a court of equity could act for the purpose of compelling an equitable offset, or that would justify the application of any other rules in respect to the matter of set-off than, those recognized at law. 2 Story Eq. Jur., §§ 14-34 et seq.; Birdsall v. Fischer, 17 Minn. 100; Greene v. Darling, 5 Mason, 201. The mere fact that the bank and Tidd & Fales became-insolvent after giving their joint notes to Kimball could not operate to change the character or terms of these obligations, or hasten their maturity. Hence, if the due note sued on was-the individual obligation of Kimball, this circumstance of insolvency alone would furnish no equitable ground for postponing its payment till the maturity of his notes against the-bank, or for compelling an application of the former upon the latter in the way of set-off. Bradley v. Angel, 3 N. Y. 475. But in this ease, the note due the bank was not the individual note of Kimball, but the joint note of both defendants, and certainly he had no right, when the receiver was appointed, to insist upon a suspension of the payment of such joint obligation, because he had individual claims against the-bank and others, payable at a future day. For these reasons, the demurrer to the answer was properly overruled, and the order appealed from is affirmed.