Avery v. Creigh

Berry, J. Mrs. Avery, the plaintiff, made the loan of money involved in this ease through her general agent, who had full authority to act for her in the premises; and, by agreement between them, he was to receive no compensation from her for his services in loaning her money, but “was to make what he could out of it.” Hence whatever he did in exacting from a borrower any sum for his services to [457] his principal in and about the loan must be taken to have been authorized and sanctioned by her, and, in contemplation of law, to have been her personal act; and while, as held in Acheson v. Chase, 28 Minn. 211, (9 N. W. Rep. 734,) it would have been competent for her to have authorized him to exact from the borrower a reasonable compensation for his services to her in making the loan, if he went beyond this, and, with her sanction, exacted a sum in addition to the highest legal interest, and to such reasonable compensation, then the case would be one of usury; for there would have been a taking of a greater sum for the loan or forbearance than the legal rate of interest, because there would be nothing else on account of which such sum could be said to have been taken. Now, in this case, the agent deducted and retained from the sum purporting on the face of the note to be loaned, viz., $125, a month’s interest, at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum, viz., $1.04, and $6.46 as commission; and, so far as the finding of facts shows, this commission was mostly, if not altogether, a bonus or gratuity; for there is nothing to show that the agent performed any services whatever for the borrower, or any for his principal, for which any such compensation would not be unreasonably large. The plaintiff’s money was deposited in bank in the agent’s name, in Minneapolis, where the agent resided, and the finding is that when he made loans he simply “drew checks on the bank.” There is no finding that the agent rendered any services to the borrower, or any to his principal, for which he was entitled to make anything more than a mere nominal charge. So far as the facts found show, the compensation charged as “commissions” was unreasonable, and, as said in Acheson v. Chase, “a mere cover for usury,” and made the note, and the transaction evidenced by it, usurious in law. The ease differs from Acheson v. Chase in at least two material respects: First, in this case, the agent (a general one) was expressly authorized by his principal “to make what he could out of” loaning her money, so that his act was hers; while in that ease, the agent was restricted to a reasonable compensation for his services, so that his principal was not chargeable with anything taken in excess of such compensation. Second, in this case, the act of the agent in [458] talcing any sum beyond legal interest being the act of his principal, it is apparent upon the facts, as the record discloses them, that the amount so taken was in excess of any reasonable compensation for any services rendered by the agent to his principal; while in Acheson v. Chase there is not only nothing to show what the sum claimed to be taken as reasonable compensation was, (it might have been a moderate charge for postage and correspondence,) and therefore nothing to show that it was excessive; but, if it was excessive, it was beyond the authority of the agent in that case, and the principal was not responsible for it. The taking by the agent of a bonus or gratuity, or of an unreasonable compensation for his services, was not only not authorized or sanctioned by his principal, but not known to him. With reference to a possible future trial, we remark that, if the note was not originally usurious, it would not be made so by the subsequent extensions, though they were granted in consideration of the payment of interest in excess of a lawful rate. Judgment reversed, and a new trial directed.