Hardenbergh v. St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway Co.

Gilfillan, C. J. Defendant was a common carrier of passengers for hire, maintaining and operating, for that purpose, a line of railway from Minneapolis to Wayzata, on Lake Minnetonka. The plaintiff, for the purpose of going from Minneapolis to Wayzata, entered, at the former place, one of defendant’s regular passenger trains for the latter place, which immediately started, and, before plaintiff could look_ through the cars in the train to find a seat, it was going at a high rate of speed. ; Upon looking through the train, he could find no seat vacant. At the first opportunity he applied to the conductor to furnish him a seat, and the conductor (as we assume, because the seats [4] were all filled) refused to provide him one. The conductor then demanded his fare, which the plaintiff offered to pay if supplied with a seat, but refused to pay unless supplied with a seat. Up to this the train had made no stop. The conductor then stopped the train, and forcibly put the plaintiff off at a place distant from any dwelling-house, more than two miles distant from any flag-station, and more than five miles distant from any regular station of defendant. No complaint is made that the conductor, if he had a right to eject plaintiff, used more than the proper amount of force. The only question is, had the conductor a right, under the circumstances, to put plaintiff off at the place where he did; that is, out in the country, at a distance from any station ? In the case of a trespasser on a train, — that is, a person wrongfully upon it, as where he enters it intending not to pay the fare, or where.he wrongfully refuses to pay the fare when properly demanded, —the conductor is not required to put him off at one place rather than another, provided he do not wantonly expose him to peril of serious personal injury. With that qualification, he may put him off at a place other than a station, and is not required to consider his mere convenience. Wyman v. Northern Pacific R. Co., 34 Minn. 210, (25 N. W. Rep. 349.) This plaintiff, however, was not wrongfully on the train. It is, in general, the duty of a railroad company to provide sufficient cars to carry all who have occasion to travel on its line of road. As the law does not require unreasonable things, a single instance, or occasional instances, of insufficiency in the amount of means to travel, caused by a rush of travel not reasonably to be expected by the company, would probablybe excused; and the railroad company, like all other common carriers of passengers, must provide those whom it carries with the usual, reasonable accommodations for comfort in travelling, including seats. This is too well established to need citation of authorities. When this plaintiff, desiring to take passage to Wayzata, found one of defendant’s regular passenger trains about to start for that place, he had a right to enter it, assuming that the defendant had done its duty in providing sufficient and suitable accommodations for all having occasion to become passengers on the train. [5] The train started, and had reached a high rate of speed, before he learned that there was not sufficient seats. When he learned that he could get no seat, he had a right to elect either to accept such accommodations as were offered and pay the fare, or to refuse to pay the fare unless he could have the accommodations to which a passenger is entitled. If he elected the latter course, then (inasmuch as he was not entitled to the passage, even though no seat was provided him, without paying fare) it was his duty to leave the train on the first reasonable^ opportunity afforded him. He could not be expected to leave the train while in motion. A reasonable opportunity to leave it would have been the stopping it in a suitable and. reasonable place. As he had a right to refuse to pay fare unless a seat was provided him, he did not become wrongfully on the train by so refusing. He could become a trespasser only by refusing to leave the train, on a reasonable opportunity being afforded. Such opportunity the defendant was bound to afford unless it chose to carry him without fare. It was the defendant’s, not the plaintiff’s, fault that a seat was not provided. The case differs from the Wyman Case, for in that case the refusal to pay fare was wrongful; in this, the refusal, unless a seat was provided him, was rightful. In that case the plaintiff, by the refusal, became a trespasser; in this, he did not. This case is somewhat analogous to Maples v. New York, etc., R. Co., 38 Conn. 557, in which it was laid down that a railroad company, having a right to eject from its train one not a trespasser, must do so at some regular station on its road. That is a reasonable rule, and that the decision was in accordance with the general rule was recognized by this court in the Wyman Case. See, also, Gallena v. Hot Springs R. Co., 13 Fed. Rep. 116. Order reversed.