Combination Steel & Iron Co. v. St. Paul City Railway Co.

Vanderburgh, J. The plaintiff sold and delivered to the New York Cable Construction Company a certain quantity of steel rails used by the latter in the construction, of defendant’s railway, and claims a [208] lien for a balance due, upon the works and structures of the railway company. The material in question was all delivered and used by the defendant, and was settled for by the construction company, end receipted for in general terms by the plaintiff. At the trial the receipts were introduced, and thereupon it was shown that, instead of being paid in money, the plaintiff received the note of the construction company for $3,349.57, payable in 35 days, and dated October 3, 1887, with interest. It also appears that an action was brought by the plaintiff against the construction company in December, 1887, for damages (which were unliquidated) for its refusal to accept other rails tendered by plaintiff under the contract. The complaint recites, by way of explanation, that under the contract “all but 1,257 pieces have been delivered and paid for in cash or by note.” It appears from the evidence that the construction company was short of money at the time the settlement by note was made, though the plaintiff expected to receive the money which was due them. The agent of that company, however, represented that it would have funds to pay the debt in 30 days, and for its accommodation the plaintiff consented to receive the note in question, running 35 days. It is not shown, and it will not be presumed, in the absence of further evidence, that the note was taken in absolute payment and discharge of the original indebtedness. It is the well-settled common-law rule that the acceptance of a contract or security of equal degree is of itself no extinguishment of a prior debt, and the taking of a promissory note payable in futuro merely suspends the right of action until the note is due. In some of the states (Massachusetts and Maine) the acceptance of a note for or upon an existing indebtedness is prima facie evidence of satisfaction, but the generally accepted doctrine, and the rule followed in this state, is to treat it merely as conditional payment, as in the case of payment by check, and not an absolute discharge and satisfaction of the prior debt, unless it is expressly so agreed. Geib v. Reynolds, 35 Minn. 331, (28 N. W. Rep. 923;) The Kimball, 3 Wall. 37. The nature of such a transaction is very clearly and accurately stated by the court in Tobey v. Barber, 5 John. 68, as follows: “It is a rule well settled and repeatedly recognized in this court that taking a [209] note either of the debtor or of a third person, for a pre-existing debt, is no payment unless it be expressly agreed to take the note as payment and to run the risk of its being paid, or unless the creditor parts with the note, or is guilty of laches in not presenting it for payment in due time. He is not obliged to sue upon it. He may return it when dishonored, and resort to his original demand. It only postpones the time of payment of the old debt until a default be made in the payment of the note.” The receipt of a note in “settlement of a debt,” “for or on account of a debt,” or “in payment of” the same, is. to be accounted substantially the same thing. In either case it is upon the. implied understanding that the note will be paid, and that, the maker is solvent. Glenn v. Smith, 2 Gill. & J. 493. No other or different effect can be given to the evidence in this ease. The mere-recital of payment of the balance of the account in cash or by note in the complaint in the former suit is no stronger than a recital in a receipt of payment by note, (which means a conditional payment,) and is no stronger evidence of an agreement to take the note in satisfaction, and should receive a similar interpretation. Such a receipt is designed, not to show “that the original debt is absolutely paid, but only as evidence that the note, when paid, shall be a discharge of the-original debt, by showing for what it was given, and thus preventing; a recovery on both causes of action.” Eastman v. Porter, 14 Wis. 39, 47. If the original debt in this case had been secured by mortgage, as it is claimed to be by a lien, the evidence would hardly bo held sufficient to affect a discharge of the mortgage on the ground that the debt secured was paid. Order reversed.