State ex rel. Kenney v. Nelson

Beown, J. Certiorari to review the action of the district court of Nobles county had and taken in certain drainage proceedings. The short facts are as follows: Judicial ditch proceedings were duly commenced in Jackson county, in the Seventeenth judicial district, which resulted, in the due course of procedure, in an order establishing the ditch petitioned for. The ditch, as proposed and ordered, extended from territory within Jackson county to and within the county of Nobles, in the Thirteenth judicial district. Damages and benefits resulting from the proposed improvement were duly assessed and reported to the district court of Jackson county, and the proceedings in the matter, no objection having been made thereto, are taken to have been in all things regular and in conformity with law. Subsequent to filing the report of the viewers so assessing damages and benefits, and within the time allowed therefor, certain per — 426 — sons owning land in Nobles county wbicb was affected by tbe ditch, acting under the provisions of section 6, c. 384, p. 550, Laws 1911,, separately appealed from the award of benefits to their lands, and in their notice of appeal demanded a trial of the issue in the district court of Nobles county, where their lands were located. Copies of the notices of appeal were certified to and filed in the office of the clerk of the district court of that county, but no transcript of the drainage proceedings, “so far as they pertained to the matter on account of which the appeal was taken,” or otherwise, was ever filed with the Nobles county court, as required by the statute referred to. At the general term of the court of that county following the appeals, October 17, 1911, they were ordered consolidated and tried together. After a selection of the jury to try the issues, the court ruled that the burden of proof was upon the petitioners for the ditch, and that they were required affirmatively to establish the extent of benefits to appellants’ lands. Petitioners’ counsel took an exception to the ruling, and declined to offer any evidence whatever, and moved to dismiss the appeals, on the ground that “there is nothing now before the court or the jury which would require of the respondents to proceed to offer any evidence,” and that the affirmative of the issue was upon appellants. The motion was not ruled upon at the time, but after it had been entered by the reporter both parties rested, without offering any evidence. Counsel for petitioners then moved to dismiss the proceedings, on the ground, among others, that the record had never been certified to the court by the clerk of Jackson county; and therefore that the court of Nobles county had no jurisdiction to hear or determine the appeal. The court overruled the motion, and petitioners duly excepted. Counsel for appellants then moved for a directed verdict in their favor, finding that the lands owned by them were and would be in no way benefited by the construction of the proposed ditch. A verdict accordingly was directed and returned, to which petitioners excepted. Petitioners then moved, upon the minutes of the court, for a new trial on the usual statutory grounds, which motion was subsequently — 427 — submitted upon briefs of counsel. By an order dated December 13, 1911, and filed December 14, tbe motion for a new trial was denied. On December 13, 1911, petitioners for tbe ditcb applied to this' court and obtained a writ of certiorari to review tbe action and proceedings of tbe district court, setting forth in tbe petition therefor: (1) That tbe court below bad no jurisdiction to bear, try, or determine the issues presented by tbe appeal, for tbe reason that jurisdiction bad not been vested by a proper return, as required by law; (2) that tbe court erred in bolding that the petitioners bad the burden of proof, and were required to establish tbe fact of benefits to tbe lands of appellants; and (3) that, in tbe absence of any evidence whatever, the court erred in directing a verdict for appellants. At tbe bearing in tbis court, appellants moved to quash tbe writ, on tbe ground that it' was prematurely and improvidently issued, and to tbis we first turn our attention. 1. It is contended that tbe writ was prematurely issued, because no judgment bad, prior thereto, been entered upon tbe verdict or other final determination made of tbe matter in tbe court below. We do not sustain tbis contention. No judgment upon tbe verdict was necessary in the Nobles county court. Tbe verdict of tbe jury, unless vacated and set aside, finally ended tbe matter, so far as concerned that court. Tbe statute vesting jurisdiction in that court to bear and try tbe appeal makes no provision for a judgment; on tbe contrary, expressly provides that tbe clerk of that court shall “make, certify and return tbe verdict of tbe jury or tbe order of tbe court in such matter to such clerk of tbe district court of tbe county wherein such proceedings were instituted, and such verdict or order shall be entered and enforced as a part of such proceedings in such last-mentioned county.”1 Tbis clearly makes tbe verdict'or order of tbe court tbe final determination of tbe matter, so far as involved in tbe issues presented by tbe appeal. Tbe verdict or order goes to tbe court having jurisdiction of tbe proceedings, and is there treated as though rendered by that court, and when tbe certification is made to that court tbe jurisdiction of the court — 428 — where the trial is had is terminated. The sole purpose of the statute was to afford the landowner the right of trial in his own county, and not to transfer the proceedings, or any part thereof, to the adjoining county for final action. But it is further contended that when the writ was issued herein a motion for a new trial was pending before the Nobles county court which had not then been determined. This point is not sustained. The order of the court below, denying a new trial, was made and dated December 13, 1911; the writ herein was issued on the same day, but whether before or after the judge below had signed the order does not appear. The order was filed on the fourteenth, and the writ herein was served upon respondents on the fifteenth, of December. We think, as applied to the present situation, that the order denying a new trial, having in fact been made and signed on the thirteenth, was a final determination of the matter on that day, and that the filing thereof on the following day relates back to the date of the order, so that there was, in that view of the case, a final determination of the matter in the court below when the writ issued from this court. We will not stop to speculate upon the question, the order and writ bearing the same date, which preceded in point of time. 2. It is also contended that the writ was improvidently issued, because the petitioners had the right of appeal from the order denying a new trial, and that that was their exclusive remedy. Counsel cited in support of this claim section 10, c. 469, p. 581, Laws 1909 (R. L. Supp. 1909, § 2651 — 110). The statute does not support the contention. It provides for an appeal from any appealable order by “any party who claims damages or against whose property benefits are assessed.” This clearly has no application to the petitioners for the ditch, but is limited by its language to those who claim damages, or who are assessed for benefits. The petitioners for the ditch cannot, therefore, under that' statute, appeal from the order here involved, and certiorari was their proper remedy. 3. We come, then, to the merits of the questions involved. It may be conceded that the proceedings below vested in the Nobles county court jurisdiction to hear and determine the appeal, notwithstanding the fact that no part of the record of the proceedings in Jackson — 429 — county, save copies of the notices of appeal, were certified -as required by the statute heretofore referred to. We may say, however, that the statute1 clearly requires the clerk of the court in which the proceedings are pending, immediately upon filing the notices of appeal in his office, to make and transmit to the clerk of the other court a transcript of the records sufficient to show the assessment against the land involved, the expense of which would necessarily be paid, as an item of costs in the proceeding, as other expenses therein are paid. We come, then, directly to the question whether any errors were committed on the trial below of a character to require a reversal. The appeals below brought before the court the question whether the lands of appellants would be benefited by the construction of the proposed ditch. The viewers found that they would be benefited, and assessed them accordingly. When the appeals came on for trial, a question arose as to which party — the petitioners for the ditch, or 'the appellants, landowners whose lands were assessed for benefits— had the burden of proof. The court ruled that the petitioners for the ditch had the affirmative of the issue, and must establish the fact of benefits, and for their failure to do so directed a verdict to the effect that the lands were not benefited. In this the learned court erred. The affirmative of the issue was with the landowners who appealed. In the absence of any evidence tending to impeach or overcome the same, the report of the viewers would be final. In other words, their report in such proceedings is prima facie correct, and must stand, unless overcome by the person who attacks it. It was held in an early day, in a similar proceeding — condemnation for railroad right of' way — that the landowner who appealed from the assessment of damages awarded him had the “opening and closing” on the trial of the appeal in the district court. Minnesota Valley R. Co. v. Doran, 17 Minn. 162 (188). While not so stated in the opinion in that case, it is clear that the landowner was awarded .the opening and closing, because the burden was upon him to overcome the assessment made by the commissioners. The same rule applies to drainage proceedings like those at bar, .and springs from the general rule that the burden of proof is upon the party who must fail in the action, if no evidence be offered by — 430 — either party. 1 Dunnell, Minn. Dig. § 3470. It is obvious that the mere appeal from the assessment of benefits would not have the effect of setting aside the assessment made by the viewers, and that, in the absence of any evidence by either party, their report and assessment must stand. The court therefore was in error in its ruling, and in directing a verdict for the landowners. McMillan v. Board Co. Commrs. of Freeborn County, 93 Minn. 16, 100 N. W. 384, did not involve this question, and is not in point. It is true, as contended by respondent herein, that the matter of the opening and closing rests generally in the discretion of the trial court, and that a reversal will not ordinarily be ordered for an erroneous decision upon that question. But when the order is in fact erroneous, and is followed by a further order directing an erroneous verdict, based upon the prior order, the situation is not one resting wholly within the discretion of the court, and may be corrected on review. The substantial error here involved is found in the order directing a verdict for the landowners, in the absence of evidence tending to impeach or overcome the report of the viewers. For this error, a new trial must be ordered. Order denying a new trial reversed. Footnotes [1] Laws 1911, pp. 551, 552, § 6, amending Laws 1905, c. 230, § 12. [Reporter] [1] Laws 1911, p. 551, c. 384, § 6. [Reporter]