Baldwin v. Zien

Start, C. J. Jacob D. Zien died testate 'April 9, 1909, and his will was duly admitted to probate by the probate court of the county of St. Louis. His principal legatees and devisees were his widow, Mathilda Zien, and his brother, Isaac Zien. It became necessary in the course of the settlement of the estate, for the purpose of paying debts and legacies, to sell real estate which had been devised by the will. Accordingly the probate court made its order licensing the executors to sell such real estate and designating the order in which it should be sold. Isaac Zien appealed from the order to the district court of the county of St. Louis. Upon a hearing of the matter in that court, an order was made remanding the case to the probate court, with directions to enter an order licensing the sale of so much of the real estate as might be necessary to pay the costs of administration, the debts, and a legacy of $5,000 to Mathilda Zien, and also directing the order in which the several parcels of real estate should be sold. Isaac Zien and Mathilda Zien severally appealed from the order. The principal question raised by the cross-appeals relates to the order in which the real estate should be sold. A solution of this question depends upon the construction of the will, which contained twenty-five paragraphs, consecutively numbered. The here material provisions of the will, with the paragraph number of each, are to the effect following: 1. I desire and request that all my just debts be paid. 2. I give, devise, and bequeath to my wife, Mathilda Zien, $5,000, to be paid before the payment of any other bequests. — 182 — 3. All of my interest, being a leasehold interest, in the south one hundred feet of lots 1Y and 19 on West First street, Duluth, I give, devise, and bequeath to my wife, Mathilda Zien, for the period of her natural life, and upon her death the remainder to my brother Isaac Zien, if living, but, if not, to his children. 4. I desire and request my executors to erect suitable monuments over the graves of my father and mother, each to be of the cost of $100, and to erect upon my burial lot a vault to cost $2,500. 5. I give, devise, and bequeath to my wife, Mathilda Zien, my homestead in the city of Duluth, together with the land contiguous thereto which I shall own at the time of my death. 6. I give, devise, and bequeath my household furniture, horses, and carriages to my wife. Y. I give, devise, and bequeath my diamonds and jewelry to the children of my brother Isaac Zien. 8. I give, devise, and bequeath to the children of my brother Louis Zien my wearing apparel. 9. I direct my executors to invest $10,000 for the benefit of my brother Louis Zien. 10. I direct that, if my brother Louis Zien does not survive me, the $10,000 be invested for the benefit of his children. 11 to 20. (These paragraphs contain specific bequests to various persons and institutions.) 21. “It is my will and it is the intention hereof that out of my estate my said executors shall comply with all the requests and pay all the bequests and perform all the requirements contained in the paragraphs hereof numbered from one (1) to ten (10), both inclusive, in the order therein set forth, and shall provide for the bequests and payments in said ten paragraphs provided for in full before any other bequest is paid and before any money is appropriated for any other purpose herein mentioned.” 24. “I hereby give, devise and bequeath to my brother, Isaac Zien, the indebtedness of $21,996.00 and interest, which he owes me according to the terms of eighteen promissory notes, all dated January 8th, 1909, and aggregating .$21,996.00; and it is my will, — 183 — notwithstanding anything else hereinbefore mentioned, that at my death said indebtedness shall be considered canceled, and my said executors are authorized and directed to mark said notes canceled and deliver them up to said Isaac Zien, who shall upon my death be discharged from all liability upon said notes.” The trial court made the will a part of its findings, and found that the debts proved against the estate of the testator amounted to $30,750.46, of which the executors had paid $16,572.12, leaving unpaid a balance, including interest, of $15,908.78; that the expenses of administration unpaid were $5,000; and, further, that it was necessary to sell certain or all of the real estate to pay the expenses of the administration, the debts, and the legacies provided for in the will. The trial court also found that the leasehold estate devised by the will to the widow for life- and remainder to the brother Isaac was created by a lease for fifty years from January 10, 1907; that in and by the terms of the lease the lessee was required to pay all taxes and a yearly rental of $2,000; that the taxes for the year 1908 amounted to $1,259.64, which were chargeable to the widow, and had been paid by the executors; that they had received as rents from the leasehold estate the net sum of $18,414.80, which sum, plus $710.56 which had been paid from the rents for the benefit of the estate, will belong to the widow upon final distribution, unless it be necessary to sell her interest in the leasehold estate, less $9,600 advanced to her by order of the probate court; that such advancement must be repaid out of funds in the hands of the executors belonging to the widow. As a conclusion of law the trial court ordered and directed that five certain parcels of land, described in its order, and which were not specifically devised by the will, be sold before any of the remaining real estate; that the land contiguous to the homestead, but no part thereof, be sold before any part of the leasehold estate; and that the remainder interest of Isaac Zien in the leasehold estate be sold before the life estate of the widow therein. — 184 — It appears from the record that the widow assented to the will and elected to take thereunder. The appeal and assignments of error on the part of Isaac Zien raise the questions whether the court erred in not directing a sale of the homestead, as well as the land contiguous thereto, before the sale of his remainder interest in the leasehold estate, and whether it was error to direct a sale of his interest therein before a sale of the interest of the widow therein. Those on the part of the widow raise the question whether it was error to direct a sale of the land which was contiguous to the homestead, or in holding that the advancement of $9,600 should be repaid from the fund in the hands of the executors belonging to her, or in charging her interest therein with the taxes. The several questions raised by the respective appellants are so connected and dependent for their solution upon a construction of the will that it is not practicable to discuss and decide them separately. The intention of the testator as expressed by his will must prevail. It is apparent from the will and the findings of the trial court that the testator overestimated the value of his estate, and that none of the money legacies can be paid, except the one to his widow. That a contingency might arise which would prevent the payment in full of all the bequests was anticipated by the testator, and he attempted to make provision for it by paragraph 21 of his will, in which he directed the payment of all bequests contained in paragraphs 1 to 10 thereof in the order therein set forth. In a strictly modern legal sense the words “bequest” and “bequeath” are the appropriate terms for making a gift by will of personalty, and the words “devise” and “devise” for a gift of realty. But it is evident that the testator used the words in their popular sense, and as applicable alike to a gift by will of property of any kind; hence the word “bequests” in paragraph 21 cannot be limited to gifts of personalty. It does not, however, follow from this conclusion that it was the intention of the testator that the homestead and the household furniture given to the widow by paragraphs 5 and 6 should be sold to — 185 — pay debts and legacies, wbicb would be the necessary result if the construction of the will contended for by the appellant Isaac Zien be accepted. The purpose of the testator to provide a home for his widow and a certain income to maintain herself during her life is obvious on the face of the will. Equally clear is the purpose of the testator to deal liberally, subject to the provisions made for his widow, with his brother Isaac. The direction in paragraph 21 to comply with the requests and pay the bequests in the order set forth in paragraphs 1 to 10 must be construed so as to give effect to the manifest intention of the testator to provide a home and income for 'his widow. Her assent to the will and election to take thereunder must also be construed with reference to such intention of the testator. So construing them, we hold that the will does not subject the homestead for sale for the payment of debts and legacies before the sale of the remainder interest of Isaac Zien in the leasehold estate; for a contrary intention is manifested in the will. The testator by paragraph 3 of his will did not treat the leasehold estate as an entirety, but divided it, by giving to his widow the use thereof for her life and the remainder of the term to his brother. This remainder has a very substantial and easily ascertainable value; for if the age of the widow is, as seems to be conceded, fifty years, her expectation of life is less than one-half of the time limit of the leasehold estate, and there is neither reason nor necessity for selling the leasehold estate as an entirety. It follows that the trial court did not err in ordering the remainder interest to be sold before the life estate, and the order must be affirmed on the appeal of Isaac Zien. This brings us to a consideration of the alleged errors urged on behalf of the widow. Her first claim is that the trial court erred in directing a sale of the land contiguous to the homestead, because such legacy falls within the general rule that a legacy given in lieu of dower does not abate, but has priority over general legacies which are mere bounties. The presumption, however, unless the contrary appears from the will, is that a legacy is intended as a bounty, and not as a purchase or in lieu of statutory provisions in the nature — 186 — of dower. In re Gotzian, 34 Minn. 159, 24 N. W. 920, 57 Am. Rep. 43; McGowan v. Baldwin, 46 Minn. 477, 49 N. W. 251. We are of the opinion that it clearly appears from the will, when its whole scheme is considered, especially the provision of paragraph 21 that any land contiguous to the homestead which the testator “shall own at the time of his death,” that it was the intention of the testator to subject-the land in question to sale for the payment of debts and legacies in the order directed by the trial court. The second and third alleged errors urged are without merit. The trial court correctly treated the amount paid to the widow by order of the probate court as an advancement, to be repaid out of the rents' of the leasehold estate. Blakeman v. Blakeman, 64 Minn. 315, 67 N. W. 69. The taxes were due at the time of the testator’s death, and as between the life tenant and the remainderman the life estate must carry the taxes. Therefore the order directing their payment out of the income from the life estate was right. Order affirmed on both appeals. Philip E. Brown, J., being absent on account of illness, took no part.