Krohn v. Dustin

Dibell, J. Action for the specific performance of a contract to convey a farm. There were findings for the plaintiff. The defendants are the administrator and heirs of Anfin Johnson. Some of the heirs appeal from the order denying their motion for a new trial. 1. Anfin Johnson owned a quarter section farm in Faribault county. He listed it for sale with M. E. Monson. On December 19, 1913, the plaintiff Krohn, who had been negotiating with Monson, in anticipation of a purchase signed an earnest money contract prepared by Monson. By its terms Johnson was to convey for $16,320, of which $100 was to be paid in cash, $400 on March 1, 1914, an additional $3,020 on March 1, 1914, and the balance by a five year mortgage dated March 1, 1914. Monson told Krohn that his exclusive agency with Johnson required a cash payment of $500, and that he did not think Johnson would accept so small a sum as $100. Krohn told Monsoh, in substance, that if Johnson would not take $100 cash he would pay $500 and authorized him to advance the additional $400 and promised to repay him. He left $100 with Monson at the time. Monson saw Johnson the next day or the day after and he refused to take as little as $100 in cash'. Monson changed the contract which Krohn had signed so as to provide for $100 cash and $400 on December 27 instead of March 1, 1914, and on December 22 presented it to Johnson. He signed the contract, received the $100 in cash which Krohn had left with Monson, and in addition Mon-son paid him $400 in accordance with the understanding between him and Krohn, so as to make the cash payment $500. The contract was in duplicate, both were signed by Johnson, one was left with him, and Mon-son took the other for Krohn and mailed it to him at his home in Iowa. On December 23 Johnson died. Krohn sent the $400 to Monson on December 27 or 28. Afterwards he paid the March payment to Johnson’s administrator and went into possession. The contract was the ordinary contract for the sale of farm lands. It definitely fixed the terms of sale and recited that the money paid was “in [307] part payment for tbe purchase” of certain described land “which I have this day * * * sold and agreed to convey” and promised a warranty deed when the March payment was made. The evidence amply sustains a finding that Monson had authority from Krohn to close with Johnson and pay $500 cash if necessary, and so it does that Monson had authority to accept delivery of the contract for Krohn, and that is what he did. It is familiar doctrine that to constitute a complete contract for the sale of land by offer and acceptance the acceptance must be of the precise terms of the offer, for otherwise the minds of the parties do not meet. Kileen v. Kennedy, 90 Minn. 414, 97 N. W. 126, and cases cited; Langellier v. Schaefer, 36 Minn. 361, 31 N. W. 690; Hamlin v. Wistar, 31 Minn. 418, 18 N. W. 145; Lanz v. McLaughlin, 14 Minn. 55 (72). Usually the occasion for the application of this doctrine arises when it is sought to establish a contract by correspondence and the question is whether the parties have come to an agreement. This is not such a case. Johnson was not tendering the signed contract to Krohn as an offer. The agreement had been made, Johnson had part of the purchase money, and the contract which evidenced the rights of the parties was delivered to Krohn through Monson when it was handed to him by Johnson. Unless bad for form because of the statute of frauds the contract is enforceable. 2. The statute of frauds provides that any contract “for the sale of any lands * * * shall be void unless the contract, or some note or memorandum thereof, expressing the consideration, is in writing and subscribed by the party by whom the * * * sale is to be made, or by his lawful agent thereunto authorized in writing. * * * ” G. S. 1913, § 7003. The signing required by this statute is a signing by the vendor. If the vendee accepts delivery of a contract like that before us he is bound though he does not sign. The Gregory Co. v. Shapiro, 125 Minn. 81, 145 N. W. 791; Wilson v. Hoy, 120 Minn. 451, 139 N. W. 817; Western Land Assn. v. Banks, 80 Minn. 317, 83 N. W. 192. There can be no question but that the vendee who accepts delivery, and is therefore bound, may enforce performance by the vendor who signs. The views here stated are not in conflict with the holding in Lanz v. McLaughlin, 14 Minn. 55 (72), which is quoted at some length in [308] Kileen v. Kennedy, 90 Minn. 414, 97 N. W. 126. It is conceded that a valid contract to sell land cannot be made by parol under the statute, and that a written offer cannot be accepted by parol and thereby a contract enforceable under the statute of frauds be made. We have no such case before us. The parties came to an agreement, Johnson received part payment for his farm, signed and delivered a contract reciting the sale and agreement to convey and definitely fixing the terms and charging his land with its performance. Newlin v. Hoyt, 91 Minn. 409, 98 N. W. 323, is not in point. The contract there involved was for the exchange of lands. Bach party was a vendor. We have assumed that Krohn is in no better position than if he had not signed the contract at all. This is an assumption favorable to the appellants. Whether the plaintiff might prevail upon other grounds than those discussed we do not stop to inquire. Order affirmed. Footnotes [1] Reported in 172 N. W. 213.