Whitfield v. Evans

Simrall, C. J., delivered the opinion of the court. The complainants, judgment-creditors on recoveries against Andrew J. Evans as administrator of the estate of James A. Evans, deceased, exhibited this bill in chancery against the principal and sureties in the general administration-bond, and also on the bond for the application of the proceeds of the real estate which had been sold by the administrator, alleging a devastavit by the administrator. The first objection taken by the demurrer to the bill is that it is multifarious: in this, that it improperly joins the obli-gors on the bonds as defendants in this suit. On account of its intrinsic difficulty, courts of equity have never attempted to formulate a rule of universal application as an infallible test, of multifariousness, but have inclined to leave each case dependent on its. special circumstances. A party may prefer a general right against defendants who have separate and. distinct interests. And the converse is. [492] true, that a complainant cannot claim relief in the same bill for several distinct matters against several defendants. Mitford’s Eq. Pl. 181; Story’s Eq. Pl. 285; ib., sects. 284, 286 ; Dalafield v. Anderson, 7 Smed. & M. 630; Roberts v. Starke, 47 Miss. 257; Games v. Chew, 2 How. (U. S.) 602. The rule was aptly illustrated in the case last cited. The complainants claimed the land under one title; the defendants claimed, under distinct and separate purchases, different parcels of it; yet all were properly joined in the suit. All the complainants had a common right against each defendant, although they claimed separate parcels of the property, to which the complainants’ right applied. So in the case before us, the complainants are creditors of the same estate ; neither has an advantage or priority over the other. They have a common interest in the gravamen of the suit, the alleged devastavit by the administrator. The defendants the obligors of the bonds are concerned in that question, although interested in different degrees. They are indemnitors for the administrator, — responsible for his good conduct in the administration of the trust. The very “pith and marrow ” of the complaint against them is, that they have incurred liability for the default of their principal, and should be answerable for it according to the measure of their undertaking. Because the sureties on the general bond can be held for no more than the personal assets, and the sureties on the special bond only for the proceeds of the land sale, it does not follow that they are not interested equally in the subject of the devastavit, and in any testimony that may be offered, and account taken. Reduced to the simplest form of statement, the case is this : Creditors who have two indemnities seek to have satisfaction out of them, in accordance with their respective terms and conditions. They bring before the court the makers of both instruments, and ask that each shall be responsible according to the extent of their liabilities. It was eminently proper that the obligors in both bonds should be parties, so that the conse [493] quences of the devastavit of the personal assets should be visited, upon the sureties of the general bond, and of the propeeds of the land sale on the sureties in the special bond. The sureties in both bonds have a concurrent interest adverse to the complainants on the question of devastavit, and adverse to each other, if that shall be established, as to how responsibility for it shall be apportioned. We think the bill is not multifarious. It is next objected that this suit is not maintainable in chancery, but that actions ought to have been brought at law upon the bonds. That question is put at rest by sect. 1180 of the Code, and the judicial expositions of the jurisdiction of the Chancery Court, as intended by the Constitution and defined by the Code. Bank of Mississippi v. Duncan, 52 Miss. 740; Walker v.The State, 53 Miss. 532; Brunini v. Pera, 54 Miss. 649. It is next assigned, as cause of demurrer, that the devastavit is not sufficiently alleged. The bill alleges that personal property appraised at $5,640.25, and money derived from a sale of railroad-stock and cotton to the amount of $4,756.25, came to the hands of the administrator. Out of this, exempt property to the value of $562.50, and $1,200 for support of the family, must be deducted. The personal property has been sold, but the amount produced is not stated. In January, 1878, the real estate was sold for $8,965, which has been collected by the administrator. The complainants, in that connection, allege, “ That said administrator has not paid to the complainants, though they were at the time of said sale, as they are informed and charge the fact to be, the only valid and existing creditors of the estate of' James A. Evans, deceased, any part of the proceeds of the sale of said, lands, though payment of the same has been frequently demanded.” “The estate has never been declared, insolvent.” It is further alleged that the proceeds of the personal estate, after crediting proper disbursements, would not be sufficient to-pay the claims of the complainants, and therefore they have a. [494] right to full satisfaction from the money derived from the sale of the land.. The prayer is for an account of these two funds, and a decree against the obligors in the general bond for the value of the personal assets which the administrator wasted, or which he has lost by negligence or has misapplied, and that for any balance a decree should be rendered against the obligors in the special bond, and for general relief. In Dobbins v. Halfacre, 52 Miss. 563, which was an action 'at law on the bond, the charge of devastavit was, “that the administrator received assets amply sufficient to pay the debt; that no part had been paid ; wherefore, the defendants had become liable to pay $5,000, the penalty of the bond.” Speaking of what constitutes a breach, the court said: “ The sum of the condition of the bond was, ‘that the administrator will, as soon as convenient, collect in the assets, pay the debts, and turn over the surplus to the distributees.’ If he has received sufficient assets to pay the creditors, and fails to do so, there has occurred a breach of the bond.” The class of creditors who have this remedy, as stated in another part of the opinion, are those who have recovered judgment, and been unable, by legal means, to obtain satisfaction. In Randolph v. Singleton, 12 Smed. & M. 442, the allegation was, “that goods and chattels to the amount of $12,000 had come to the hands of the administratrix, and that she has not well and truly administered, but has failed to do so: in this, that she has not paid the judgment.” In Dinkins v. Bailey et al., 23 Miss. 290, the breach was stated in the same terms. The allegation of the facts constituting the cause of action is all that good pleading requires. More than that is surplus-age. Devastavit is a failure to apply the funds as the law directs. When, therefore, the administrator has received money which it is his duty to pay over to a judgment-creditor, and he fails to do so, he is guilty of a devastavit. The creditor need not go further, and show that he has used the money [495] •for individual purposes, or that he has misapplied it in some other way. The law requires that he shall pay the debts. If the creditor has failed to find property out of which to obtain satisfaction, he has exhausted the ordinary legal remedies, and he establishes a breach of the bond when he proves funds received by the administrator legally applicable to that debt. The complainants, in effect, state that case. They charge that large.sums of money were realized by the administrator by sales of property; that they were the only unsatisfied creditors; that there is a balance unexpended, derived from the personal property, unappropriated legally, and the entire sum of the land-sale unexpended ; and that the administrator, on demand made, refused payment. The criticism made by counsel for appellee on the complainants’ allegations respecting the general bond of the administrator is just. The bill ought to have set out the condition of the bond, so that it would appear what were the undertakings of the sureties, rather than to allege that the “bond was conditioned according to law.” That is not a statement of fact, but a conclusion deducible from a fact not alleged. Decree reversed, and cause remanded for further proceedings.