Eaverson v. State

Cooper, C. J., delivered the opinion of the court. According to the testimony for the state, the appellant, without the slightest provocation, made a deadly assault upon Jones with an axe, and struck him a blow which nearly severed his hand from the arm. On the other hand, the appellant and his witnesses testified that immediately preceding the injury, Jones had assaulted the appellant with a club; had knocked him to the ground, and was attempting to repeat the blow, or had just struck at him again, when the appellant either struck him with the axe, or, having it in his hand, raised it in defense against the blow of the club, and Jones, striking his hand against it, received the injury he sustained. The appellant testified that he did not in truth strike at Jones, but merely threw up the axe to ward off the blow aimed at him by Jones. The instruction given for the state is as follows: “The court instructs the jury for the state that the law presumes a person intends to do not only what he does, but the natural and probable consequences of his acts, and, in this case, if you believe, from the evidence, that defendant struck Jones with an axe, which you believe was a deadly weapon, at a time when Jones was not trying to do him some great injury, then the law presumes he intended to kill Jones, and would be guilty of assault and battery with intent to kill and murder, and you should so find.” This instruction should not have been given. It denied to tbe defendant the benefit of the defense that if he had killed [812] Jones in the heat of passion engendered by the unprovoked and violent battery, his offense would have been manslaughter and not murder, although at the moment he struck he was not again being assaulted by Jones. If it be true, as the testimony for the defense tended to prove, that defendant struck Jones immediately after he had made an assault and battery on the defendant, the law would not impute malice to him. Beasley v. The State, 64 Miss., 518. Nor can it be said that the instruction was drawn in view of the testimony of the witnesses for the state and upon its theory that Jones had not assaulted and struck the defendant. It does not contain the qualification that the jury should find the defendant guilty on the facts stated if found to be true, if it should further believe that Jones had not made the first attack. It looks neither to the facts disclosed for the state nor for the defense, but, beginning in medias res, in effect directs the jury, regardless of the antecedent course of events, if it believe the defendant struck Jones with the axe ‘ ‘ at a time when Jones was not trying to do him some great injury,” it should find the defendant guilty. By this instruction the guilt or innocence of the defendant was made to turn upon the occurrences of the instant, regardless of the antecedents as detailed either by the witnesses for the state or for the defendant. The judgment is reversed and a new trial awarded.