Moore v. Kirkland

Potter, J., delivered the opinion of the court. Appellee sued appellant in a justice of the peace court on open account for one hundred ten dollars and thirteen cents. A judgment was recovered in the justice’s court in favor of appellant, who had pleaded an offset of one hundred dollars. The appellee appealed to the circuit court, and a trial de novo was had, resulting in a judgment for the appellee for the amount sued for. Appellant thereupon appealed to this court, assigning as error the exclusion of evidence offered to establish his offset of one hundred dollars. With a view of proving his right to the offset pleaded, appellant offered to show by witnesses that one Kervin Eobinson was indebted to appellee to a considerable amount, and also owed appellant one hundred dollars; [58] that Mr. Kirkland, the appellee, asked Robinson for an order on-B. H. Carter, a commissioner, who bad in his possession about two hundred and sixteen dollars belonging to Robinson, to apply on said Robinson’s indebtedness to him; and that thereupon Robinson stated that he owed the appellant J. A. Moore one hundred dollars, and this amount was to be paid out of the funds in the hands of the commissioner; whereupon Kirkland told Robinson that if he would give him an order for the money in question, he would settle the one hundred dollars with Moore; and that thereupon Robinson gave Kirkland an order for the money in the commissioner’s hands and Kirkland collected the same. The court asked counsel for appellant if there was an understanding between Moore and Kirkland as to this transaction, and counsel answered there was not, except as communicated to Moore through Robinson. The court held the testimony offered incompetent because within the statute of frauds, and upon' objection excluded same and peremptorily instructed the' jury to find for appellee. In the case of Lee v. Newman, 55 Miss. 365, the court, speaking through Judge Chalmers, said: “Nor is an obligation to pay the debts of the-vendor to a third person, though in parol, obnoxious to that provision of the statute of frauds which requires all undertakings to pay the debts of another to be in writing. Such assumptions are not within the statute. The contract is, not to pay the debts of another, but to pay the party’s own debt to some person other than his own creditor. ‘It may be stated as a general rule that wherever the main purpose and object of the promisor is, not to answer for another, but to subserve some purpose of his own, his promise is not within the statute, although it may be in form a promise to pay the debt of another, and although the performance of it may incidentally have the effect of extinguishing the liability of another.’ 3 Pars, on Con. (5th Ed.), 24.” [59] We think it clear, following the reasoning in the above-cited case, that the verbal promise alleged to have been made by Kirkland to Robinson to pay one hundred dollars to Moore was not within the statute of frauds. But the question is presented as to whether or not Moore has a right to claim this offset in his ■ own name when no promise was made by Kirkland to him. This question has also been settled in this state in the case of Lee v. Newman, supra. With reference to this question the court in that case said: “Can the• complainant assert, on his own behalf, this undertaking exacted by the vendor from the vendee for his benefit? It has been held from very early times, though not always without question, that where a contract not under seal is made with A. to pay B. a sum of money, B. may maintain an action in his own name; and in America it has' been held that such promise is to be deemed made to the third party, if adopted by him, though he was not cognizant of it when made. In law the promise is held to be made to him to whose benefit it inures, and in pleading, it is always sufficient to declare according to the legal effect. The rule is different where the promise is under seal, because there the action must be debt or covenant, and hence must be in the name of the obligee. . “Especially will this right to bring suit in his own name exist, in behalf of him for whose benefit the promise was made, where the consideration of it was money or property simultaneously delivered or sold to the promisor. In such case the property is received under a trust, which will itself form a good consideration, inuring to the benefit of him to whom the payment is due; and, if the purchaser has received credit for the sum thus contracted to be paid to such other person, the law will treat it as money had and received to his use. 1 Chitty’s Pl. 5; Arnold v. Lyman, 17 Mass. 400, 9 Am. Dec. 154; Hall v. Marston, 17 Mass. 579; 1 Cranch (append.) 429, 2 L. Ed. 164; Barker v. Bucklin, 2 Denio (N. Y.) 45 (43 [60] Am. Dec. 726); Hendrick v. Lindsay, 93 U. S. 143, 23 L. Ed. 855; Lawrence v. Fox, 20 N. Y. 268; 1 Pars. on Con. (5th Ed.), 466-468.” The court erred in excluding the testimony offered by appellant to establish his offset of one hundred dollars,, and in directing a verdict for the plaintiff. Reversed and remanded.