Robertson v. Southeastern Express Co.

Smith, C. J., delivered the opinion of the court. This is an action at law by the State Revenue Agent against the Southeastern Express Company to recover from the company the privilege tax provided by section 21, chapter 104, Laws 1920 (Hemingway’s Code Supp. 1921, section 6512), and also damages provided by section 73, section 104, Laws 1920 (Hemingway’s Code Supp. 1921, section 6630), for exercising a privilege without having first paid the tax required therefor. The cause was tried upon an agreed statement of facts from which it appears, as set forth in the brief of counsel for-appellant: “That the Southeastern Express Company began business on the 1st day of May, 1921; that it was engaged in carrying express on railroad trains, both interstate and intrastate; that it operated and carried such express in the state of Mississippi over the tracks of the several railroads set out in the statement; that it carried interstate express over all of said railroad tracks in the state of Mississippi, but that it carried intrastate express only from station to station in the state of Mississippi, and that it carried interstate express only over that portion of said railroads lying between the last stations within the state of Mississippi and the state line, showing eleven and four-tenths miles of railroad track in the state of Mississippi,' over which the defendant carried interstate express only; that in pursuance of section 45 of said chapter 104 the Mississippi Railroad Commission did on the 1st day of August, 1920, classify the several railroads in the state of Mississippi according to their charters and the gross earnings of each, for the purpose of levying privilege tax on said railroads; the classification being set out in the statement. [308] “That no further classification of said railroad tracks was made by the Mississippi Bailroad Commission until August 1, 1921, when they were again classified by said Commission under said section 45 for the purposes therein cited. “That no classification of said railroad tracks w?is ever made by the Mississippi Bailroad Commission under sec-, tion 21 of said chapter 104 of the Laws of Mississippi of 1920, or otherwise, with reference to the operation of the defendant express company or any other express company over said tracks. “That the privilege tax sued for covers the year beginning May 1, 1921, and ending May 1, 1922; that on May 17, 1921, the defendant express company tendered to Stokes Y. Bobertson, State Bevenue Agent, the amount of the privilege tax demanded by him, but declined to pay or tender the amount of the penalty demanded and claimed by him, but that no part of either the privilege tax or the penalty had been paid. “That for the six-month period beginning July 1, 1921, and ending December 1, 1921, the intrastate business of the defendant express company over the several railroad tracks per mile was as follows: Alabama Great Southern, first class.............. 5.16 Southern Bailway, first class.................... 8.92 Columbus & Greenville, second & third class ....... 6.65 Mobile & Ohio, first class....................... 8.40 New Orleans & Northeastern-, first class............ 12.61 The jury, in accordance with an instruction from the court so to do, returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff! for the amount of the tax, but not for the penalty sued for, and from the judgment entered thereon there is a direct appeal by the revenue agent and a cross-appeal by the express company. The contentions of counsel for the express company are: First, that “section 21 of chapter 104, of the Laws of 1920, is vague, indefinite, and void for uncertainty, in that [309] it fails to designate or define what are first class railroad tracks, and in that it fails to provide any method or tribunal or procedure by which it may be ascertained or determined in due course what railroad tracks are first class or second class or third class, with reference to the operation the business of an express company, or as a basis for imposing a privilege tax upon express companies.” Second, that “if section 45 is to be ingrafted upon section 21 for the purpose of supplying the deficiency in section 21, the statute, so combined, is in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, in that it neither provided for nor requires notice to be given' express companies, and gives them no right or opportunity to be heard on the matter of classification of the railroad tracks over which they operate.” Third, that “section 21 is violative of the commerce clause of the Constitution of the United States.” Fourth, that section 73, chapter 104, Laws of 1920 (Hemingway’s Supplement 1921, section 6630), discriminates against persons beginning a new business, thereby denying them the equal'protection of the laws, in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal Constitution. The discrimination here complained of is that a person beginning a new business is liable for the damages provided by the statute, unless he pays the privilege tax required therefor before beginning business, but may renew the privilege tax on an old business at any time “during the month in which it is due,” without being liable for the, damages. We are of the opinion that the first, second, and third class railroads referred to in section 21, chapter 104, Laws 1920 (Hemingway’s Code Supp. 1921, section 6512), are those required by section 45, chapter 104, Laws 1920 (Hemingway’s Code Supp. 1921, section 6573), to be so classified by the Railroad Commission; that the constitutional due process of law requirement is not violated by the classification of railroads without notice to express companies intending thereafter to transport or engage in transporting freight over them; that although the freight [310] transported by tbe appellant is both in interstate and intrastate commerce subjecting it to the tax does not violate tbe commerce clause of tbe federal Constitution,' tbe tax being imposed on tbe intrastate commerce (N. O., M. & C. R. Co. v. State, 110 Miss. 290, 70 So. 355,) and that tbe discrimination complained of between persons beginning a new and those conducting an old business is not unreasonable, and therefore does not violate tbe Fourteenth Amendment to tbe federal Constitution. From which it follows tbat tbe court below committed no error in instructing tbe jury to return a verdict for tbe amount of tbe tax sued for, but erred in instructing it not to return a verdict for tbe damages. Tbe judgment of the court below will be reversed, and judgment will be rendered here in favor of tbe appellant for both tbe tax and tbe dámages sued for. Reversed and judgment here.