Spitler v. Young

Wagner, Judge, delivered the opinion of the court. This was an action under the statute to recover the possession of hogs claimed to be the property of the plaintiff. The defendant justified the seizure and detention of the hogs, as marshal of the town of Trenton, under an ordinance of that town. It appears that the plaintiff was a non-resident of the town, and that his hogs escaped into the town where they were taken up. By the 4th subdivision of the first section of the act to amend the charter of the town of Trenton (Sess. Acts 1874, p. 408), power is given to the incorporation “ to prevent or abate all nuisances on public or private property.” Under this authority the town council passed an ordinance which the defendant pleads in justification. The first section declares all hogs running at large within the corporate limits to be nuisances, and the owner of each and every such animal is made liable to pay to the town the sum of one dollar for every twenty-four hours the same shall run at lai’ge, and also a fee to the marshal for taking them up. By the second section the marshal is required to. take up and confine in a secure pen or place provided for that purpose, every such animal found running at large, and retain the same until redeemed or sold. ' Section three provides that if the owner of any such animal shall before the same is sold, pay the marshal the penalty provided for taking it up, then it shall be restored to him; and if he does not redeem before sale by payment to the marshal of the penalty, then the officer shall proceed to expose and sell the same at public auction to the highest bidder. Section four authorizes the marshal to pay the money arising from the sale to the owner on his demand, after deducting penalty and costs. And section five requires that before a sale is made, an advertisement giving a description of the property to be sold, and the place where sold, shall be posted up for forty-eight hours. The case wap tried by the court, sitting as a jury, and the plaintiff gave evidence showing that he resided out of town and kept his hogs up in a pen; the water washed his fence away and they [44] escaped, without any negligence on his part; and that he after-wards used due diligence to reclaim them, and that they were taken up by the defendant on the same day they made their escape. These facts were all embodied in a declaration which told the court if they were found to exist the verdict should be for the plaintiff'. Defendant offered two instructions; 1st: That if the court should find from the evidence that defendant at the time of taking up plaintiff’s hogs, was marshal of the town, and that he took up the hogs while running at large in any street, lane, avenue or alley, or in any uninclosed place withjn the corporate limits of the town, then the verdict should be for the defendants ; 2nd, that the charter of the town and the ordinances authorized the marshal to seize and restrain any hogs found running at large in” the town limits, and thé owner could not reclaim them without first tendering the marshal his fees for taking them up. Both of these instructions were refused, and there was a verdict and judgment for the plaintiff. That the plaintiff was a non-resident cannot have material affect or alter the case. It is true' that the ordinance of a municipal corporation can have no extra-territorial force ; but persons or property coming within the territorial limits of the corporation, come under its authority. The rights of all persons must be used in harmony and exercised in such a manner as not to injure each other. No doubt is entertained but that the legislature, as a sanitary or police regulation, may confer upon towns the power to adopt such measures as the one here resorted to. As abstract propositions of law defendant’s instructions were correct, but the question is, whether the facts would warrant the application of such a rule to this case, Statutes must be construed in reference to the subject matter, the objects which prompted and induced their enactment, and the mischief they were intended to remedy. The evidence shows, and the court found, that plaintiff resided outside of the town limits, and kept his hogs up in a pen, but by the floods a part of the fencing was swept [45] away and the hogs escaped ; that as soon as plaintiff heard of the escape of the' hogs, and on the evening of the same day, he made pursuit of them, and on the next morning found them in possession o£ the defendant. Whilst physically they were found in the streets, or within the corporate limits, yet they were not there within the meaning and spirit as contemplated by the ordinance. The ordinance was designed to prohibit hogs from running at large, or within the town limits, in the ordinary sense. It was intended to compel people to restrain their animals, but it was not designed to punish them for an unavoidable escape, where the owner used the requisite diligence to reclaim them and regain their possession. The hogs were turned out by a power over which plaintiff had no control; he made every necessary effort to re-take them, and I do not believe that under such circumstances the law ever intended to mulct him in costs. The judgment was right and should be affirmed. All the judges concur, except Judge Tories, who is absent..