Russell v. St. Louis & Suburban Railway Co.

DIVISION one. MARSHALL, J. Damages for personal injuries. Plaintiff, a passenger on one of the trains of the St. Louis and Suburban Railway Company, sues the defendants for ten thousand dollars damages for injuries sustained by [430] her on the 4th of October, 1894, in consequence of a collision between the street car operated by the railway company with a steam car operated by its co-defendant the Wabash Railroad Company. The petition is in two counts; the first in equity, asking to have a release of all claim against both defendants, executed by her on the 11th of August, 1894, set aside and vacated, on the ground that it was procured from her by the fraud of the agents of the defendants while sick at the •hospital from the effects of her injuries and when she was not competent to contract, and offering to return the $185 received by her as the consideration for the contract of release and as compensation in full for her claim to damages; and the second, an action at law, for ten thousand dollars damages for such injuries. The defendants pleaded the release and a general denial. The reply was, substantially, a reiteration of the equity count of the petition. The circuit court tried the equity count separately and entered a decree cancelling the release, and both defendants appealed to this court. The record before us does not show whether the count at law has ever been tried or not, or if so what the result was. It is patent that upon this statement of the condition of the record that this appeal was prematurely taken, and hence must be dismissed. Section 2246, Revised Statutes 1889, provided that: “Every person aggrieved by any -final judgment or decision of >any circuit court in any civil cause,” etc., might appeal, etc. This section was amended by the Act of 1891 (Laws 1891, p. 70), so as to allow appeals to be taken from certain orders and judgments entered in the progress of a cause before final judgment. By the Act of April 11, 1895 (Laws 1895, p. 91) the Act of 1891, amending section 2246, was itself amended, so as to provide that any party to a civil suit might appeal from any of the following orders: 1st, an order granting a new trial or in arrest of judgment; 2d, an order [431] refusing to revoke, modify or change an interlocutory order appointing a receiver; 3d, an order dissolving an injunction; 4th, any interlocutory judgment in partition which determines the rights of the parties; and 5th, any final judgment, or any special order after final judgment. Except in the cases specified an appeal will not lie until after a final judgment in the cause in the trial court. Section 2206, Revised Statutes 1889, defines a judgment as follows: “A judgment is the final determination of the right of the parties in the action.” So that while section 2246, Revised Statutes 1S89, provides for an appeal only from a final judgment, and while the Act of 1895 provides for an appeal from any judgment, they mean the same thing in law, and although the Act of 1895 allows an appeal from any judgment, it specifies the character of judgments comtemplated, enumerating certain interlocutory judgments, and special orders after final judgment, and then covers the eases not already provided for by allowing an appeal after a final judgment. The statute contemplates only one final judgment in any case. And while section 2040, Revised Statutes 1889, permits a plaintiff to unite in the same petition, by separate counts, as many causes of action as he believes he has, whether they “be such as have been heretofore denominated legal or equitable or both,” just as section 2049, Revised Statutes 1889, permits a defendant to unite in the same answer as many defenses, stated separately, as he believes he has, whether the same be legal or equitable, still there can be but one final judgment in any case, and if a petition contains two counts, whether both at law or both in equity or one at law and one in equity, and one is adjudged insufficient, there can be no final judgment or appeal from the order so adjudging it until after the whole issue is tried and determined, and the order adjudging one count insufficient is not a final judgment until the whole case is determined, and the whole [432] judgment of the court is expressed in the final judgment on both counts. So, in this case, where the first count is in equity to 'cancel a release, which without being canceled would, if pleaded by the defendant, be a complete defense to the action at law, and the court properly tried the equity count first (Blair v. Railroad, 89 Mo. 383; Mateer v. Railroad, 105 Mo. l. c. 350; Homuth v. Railroad, 129 Mo. 629; Och v. Railroad, 130 Mo. 27; Courtney v. Blackwell, 150 Mo. 245), there can be no final judgment as to the equity count until there is also a final judgment as to the count at law. Or in other words, no matter how many counts there may be in a petition there can be but one final judgment in the case. That judgment may be for one party on one count and for the other party on the other count, but it must all be expressed in one judgment. Eor example; the plaintiff may win on the count in equity in this ease and the defendant may win on the count at law, and the final judgment in the whole case would be entered accordingly, yet the defendant would have no occasion to and could not appeal. On the other hand, if the defendant won on the equity count, the plaintiff could not then appeal, because there would be no final determination of the right of the parties in the action, but the case would have to proceed, and when the plaintiff made out his prima facie case on the merits and the defendant introduced the release in evidence, and the plaintiff did not disprove its execution (he would not be allowed to show that it was procured by fraud, because that issue would already have been ruled against him), the release being a complete defense to the cause of action, the court would be compelled to instruct the jury to find for the defendant. On the other hand, as in this ease, the release being canceled by the chancellor, it would be out of the case upon the trial of the case on its merits, and if the defendant offered it in evidence the court would be obliged to exclude it, and if the defendant lost the case, the ruling and finding of the [433] court and of the jury on the counts in equity and law, respectively, would be entered in the same final judgment, and be covered by the same motions for new trial and in arrest, the same bill of final exceptions (if the exceptions on the trial of the equity count had been properly preserved by a bill of exceptions, filed during the term at which they were saved, as in other cases of saving exceptions) and by the same appeal. As the record in this case does not bring the ease within this rule, it follows that the appeal was prematurely taken and must be dismissed. The act of 1899 (Laws 1899, p. 108) was not in force when this case was tried and hence has no application to the case. Moreover this case was not tried in the circuit court as that act requires. Appeal dismissed. All concur except Robinson, J., who, dissents. IN BANG. MARSHALL, J. The foregoing opinion heretofore delivered in Division No. 1 is hereby adopted as the opinion of the court in banc. Gantt,. G. J., and Sherwood, Burgess, Brace and Valliant, JJ., concur; Robinson, J., dissents.