Spratt v. Early

GEAYES, J. After an examination of the record, we find that the facts in this case are fully stated by Marshall, J., in the opinion filed in Division No. 1, and we adopt said statement of facts as follows: ‘ ‘ This is a bill in equity to set aside a conveyance, dated September 8th, 1898, from the defendants, Daniel H. Duffy and Elizabeth Duffy, his wife, to Daniel — 494 — H. Early, for a portion of lot 9 in Mock 28 in Patee’s Addition to the city of St. Joseph, the portion aforesaid being the excess in area of said lot over and above the eighteen square rods of ground exempt, under section 3616, Revised Statutes 1899', as a homestead of the defendant Elizabeth. There was a judgment for the defendant on the pleadings, without a trial of the merits of the case further than as stated in the pleadings, in the trial court, and the plaintiff appealed. “The petition charges that at the September term,, 1898, of the circuit court of Buchanan county, the plaintiff obtained a judgment against the defendants, Daniel H. Duffy and Elizabeth Duffy, for the sum of $695.53, on a promissory note executed by them on the 16th of April, 1894, to one John Vahey, or order, and by him transferred to. the plaintiff; that on the 8th of September, 1898, the defendants Duffy were the owners in fee simple of all of lot 9, in block 28 in Patee’s Addition to St. Joseph, and that on that day, they, with intent and design to defeat the collection of said judgment, and to1 cheat, defeat, hinder and delay their creditors, and especially the plaintiff, executed a warranty deed to all of said lot, to the defendant, Daniel H. Early, but that said conveyance was without consideration and voluntary and' fraudulent for the reasons stated; and at all times mentioned, the defendants Duffy were insolvent, and had no property out of which said judgment could have been made; that on the-day of----- 1902, the plaintiff caused an execution to be issued on said judgment against said Duffys, and that under said execution the sheriff levied on a certain part of said lot, particularly described in the petition, and being the excess in area of said lot over and above the eighteen square rods exempted for homestead purposes, under section 3616, Revised Statutes 1899, and after complying with the laws with respect to the sale of real estate, under execution, the sheriff sold that part of said lot, on the 17th of November, — 495 — 1902, to the plaintiff as the highest and best bidder therefor, and executed and delivered to the plaintiff a sheriff’s deed therefor. The prayer of the petition is that the deed from the Duffys to Early be set aside, as to said portion of said lot. The answer of the defendants Duffy is a general denial, coupled with a special plea of tes adjudicaba, in which special plea it is stated that the subject-matter of this action was heretofore adjudicated in a suit between the same parties hereto; that on the 18th of October, 1898, the plaintiff instituted an action against these defendants' upon “the same identical causes, as is alleged in his petition in this action;” that the ease was heard before the circuit court and judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff; that the defendants appealed to this Supreme Court, where the judgment of the circuit court was reversd, and a judgment entered in favor of the defendants. [That case is the case of William E. Spratt v. Daniel H. Early et al., 169 Mo. 357.] ‘ ‘ The answer of the defendant Early is a general denial, with special pleas as follows: “First. That on the 29th of August, 1895, he purchased the property described in the petition, from the plaintiff, and paid him $2,500' therefor; that he continued to own the property until the 31st of January, 1896, when he sold the same to the defendant Elizabeth Duffy in consideration of the sum of $2,500 to be paid by her in the future, and that in the event of her failure SO' to do she was to re-convey the property to him; that Mrs. Duffy continued to own the naked legal title to the property until the 8th of September, 1898, when, beingunable to pay any part of the purchase price, she re-conveyed the property back to the defendant Early, under the agreement aforesaid; that Mrs. Duffy never paid any part of the purchase price, and that at the time she re-conveyed it to the defendant Early she had no interest or title in the property other than a mere naked legal title, and that the property was not — 496 — subject to any indebtedness of Mrs. Duffy that was in existence on September 8th, 1896, the day she conveyed to the defendant Early aforesaid. “ Second. A plea of res ad judicata setting up the prior suit by this plaintiff against these defendants, above referred to, including the pleas and judgments of the trial court and the Supreme Court, and in the trial court entered pursuant to the judgment of the Supreme Court. “The reply to the separate answers is a general denial of all matters not specifically admitted, coupled with an admission as to the prosecution of the prior suit, and an averment that in the prior suit the plaintiff sought to subject the whole of lot 91 aforesaid to the payment of his judgment and in that suit contended that the whole conveyance of the whole lot was fraudulent and void; that the defendants in this suit denied that the conveyance to Early was fraudulent, but alleged that even if there was no consideration therefor, nevertheless, as the property had been acquired with money which Mrs. Duffy had derived from the sale of her homestead, she could transfer said lot without any wrong to the plaintiff, that the trial court found that the conveyance was without any consideration and was void, and that the lot was not the homestead of Mrs. Duffy, but that she had abandoned the same and therefore said lot was subject to plaintiff’s judgment; that the defendants appealed from that judgment to the Supreme Court, which court reversed the judgment of the trial court on the ground solely that the property was the homestead of Mrs. Duffy, and therefore was not subject to sale to satisfy the plaintiff’s judgment; that the Supreme Court said that if the property was not thé homestead of Mrs. Duffy, it would have been subject to the plaintiff’s judgment; that in the former suit no point was made, or attempted to be made, as to the area of the lot in question, and that the Supreme Court only adjudicated that Mrs. Duffy had a homestead; — 497 — that said, lot contains more than eighteen square rods óf ground, and was located in a city then and now having more than 40,000 inhabitants; that after the decision of this court, in the former .case,, to-wit, on the 20th day of June, 1902, the plaintiff- caused an execution to be issued on said judgment, and levied upon the whole of lot 9 aforesaid; that Mrs. Duffy claimed her homestead in said lot, and refused to designate and choose the part thereof which she would take as exempt, and the sheriff proceeded in accordance with the provisions of section 3617, Eevised Statutes 1899', and appointed disinterested hppraise-rs, who, being duly sworn, set apart to Mrs. Duffy a homestead of the area allowed by statute as a homestead, and then the sheriff proceeded with the levy of the execution upon the residue of said lot, which is the property described in this suit, and that the same was sold and the'plaintiff became the purchaser thereof, as stated in the petition; that in view of the fact that it was adjudicated in the prior suit that the conveyance by Mrs. Duffy and her husband to Early was made without consideration, and was fraudulent and void, except as to- her homestead interest therein, and in view of the fact that her homestead in said lot has been set off to- her, the plaintiff claimed that he was entitled to the relief ashed in the petition. “On the 25th of June, 1903, the cause came on for hearing, and the defendants filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings for the reason that the pleadings conclusively showed, on their face, that the matters in issue had been formerly adjudicated by the judgment of the Supreme Court of Missouri. The trial court sustained the motion, and entered judgment for the defendants, and the plaintiff appealed.” To summarize the facts in the foregoing statement, it appears, that the plaintiff in this action had judgment'against Daniel Duffy and wife; that as a — 498 — judgment creditor he brought suit to set aside a certain conveyance of date September 8, 1898, executed by Daniel H. and Elizabeth Duffy to Daniel H. Early, conveying lot 9 of block 28 in Patee’s Addition to the city of St. Joseph, Missouri. This suit was founded upon the ground that said deed had been made for the purpose of defrauding the plaintiff therein and the plaintiff herein as well as the other creditors of the said Daniel H. Duffy and wife. This suit was tried in the circuit court and judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff finding such conveyance to be fraudulent and setting the same aside. Defendants took an appeal to this court, the result of which is found reported in 169 Mo. 357. In the trial of this case below the defendants showed and this court found that the property involved was impressed with the homestead right of Mrs. Elizabeth Duffy. In the trial of that case which attacked the identical conveyance attacked in this case, there was alleged the same fraud alleged in this case, and the defendants showed the homestead rights of Mrs. Duffy and the plaintiff attempted to show that she had no homestead rights, by reason of the fact that she had abandoned a prior homestead, the proceeds of which the court found were invested in the property herein in dispute. In the former trial, the plaintiff therein, and the plaintiff herein, insisted that the conveyance was fraudulent as to the whole lot, lot' 9, as aforesaid. He so insisted, notwithstanding the fact that the defendants in that action urged and introduced evidence upon the question of the homestead right of Mrs. Duffy. Plaintiff then had evidently made up his mind to recover the whole or no part of the lot in question. When it appeared' that a homestead interest was claimed by defendants in that action, plaintiff there and plaintiff here could have easily said to the court, if such was found to be a fact then, “I ask that the conveyance be set aside as to the surplus or excess' over and above the homestead,” and introduced evidence of — 499 — there being a surplus. But this he did not do. He chose to take issue upon the question of homestead and cast his die to recover the whole or no part of the lot. He didn’t even suggest that, in the event there was a homestead, there might be a. surplus, and he wanted such surplus, but chose to plant himself on the broad ground that there had been a fraudulent conveyance, and'he, as a judgment creditor, was entitled to have the same set aside and have the whole property subjected to his judgment lien. He could have shown in that action that there was a surplus over and above the homestead interest of Mrs. Duffy and could have asked the court to say that such surplus or excess be subjected to his claim. But this he did not choose to do and placed the case before this court upon the theory that the conveyance of this lot was fraudulent as a whole and as to all parts thereof. Without any suggestion in the record that he might be entitled to any part of the lot, he left it to this court to pass upon the character of the conveyance made by Duffy and wife to defendant Early, This court, in 169 Mo. 357, did pass upon the question and adversely to the contention of the plaintiff therein and the plaintiff herein. The court said that the conveyance was not fraudulent because of the homestead right of Mrs. Duffy. Had the plaintiff therein seen fit to have enlightened this court, and the trial court, to the effect that the property involved was in excess of the homestead rights, if any there should be found, the opinion of this court would have been modified to have conformed to the facts. This, the plaintiff therein and the plaintiff herein, did not choose to do. Shylock-like, he chose the whole pound of flesh or none. By the opinion and judgment of Gantt, J., he got none. After the judgment of this court, gathering the fragments of himself together, he, the same judgment creditor, and upon the same judgment involved in the other proceeding, proceeds to have an execution issued — 500 — upon this judgment, and under the execution to have the homestead rights of Mrs. Duffy admeasured and set apart in the property in question and to have the surplus sold under said execution. Upon said sale of the surplus as aforesaid he becomes- the purchaser and in this action asked the trial court to- set aside the same deed to the same property, or at least a part thereof, involved in the former action, and upon the same ground as involved in the former action. Defendants interposed former adjudication, pleading the facts as hereinabove set out. The replication filed by the plaintiff herein in substance admitted the facts as in this statement contained. Motion was filed for judgment on the pleadings and the trial court sustained the same. The sole question for us to determine is .as to whether or not under the admitted facts in the former suit and the adjudication thereon, this plaintiff herein and the plaintiff therein, can further question this conveyance of date September 8, 1898, and the title to the property as therein expressed. We think not. What is urged in the present action could have been urged in the former action. The first action involved the whole lot, and this a part of the lot. The parties are identical; and the exact contention made in this suit could have been made in the other. Plaintiff did not deem it proper, for reasons perhaps best known to himself, to make the contention! That he could have presented the matter, goes without question. When evidence was introduced as to the homestead rights of Mrs. Duffy, for the purpose of disrobing the conveyance of the alleged fraud, the plaintiff could have shown and should have shown that there was an excess over and above the homestead interest, which could be impressed with the fraud. Had he done so this court-would have so said in the former opinion. Parties cannot be permitted to try their cases' by piecemeal. Whatever should have been in the first case, for the purpose of passing upon the question of for — 501 — mer adjudication, will be considered to have been there. The whole doctrine is so thoroughly stated by Brace, J., in case of Donnell v. Wright, 147 Mo. l. c. 647, that we content ourselves with a short quotation therefrom, without further quotations from the textbooks and cases. Judge Brace’s conclusions are in accord with the great weight of authority. He says: . > “The plea of res adjudicata applies, except in special cases, not only to points upon which the court was actually required by the parties to form an opinion and pronounce a judgment, but to every' point which properly belonged to' the subject of litigation, and which the parties, exercising reasonable diligence, might have brought forward at the time. [Henderson v. Henderson, 3 Hare, l. c. 114.] Or, as expressed in the language of Philips, P. J., in Railroad v. Levy, 17 Mo. App. 507: ‘When the merits of the controversy were at issue in the first suit, every objection urged in the second suit having been open to the party within the legitimate scope of the pleadings of the first action, and the whole defense might have been presented in that trial, the matter is res adjudicata and must be considered as concluded by the former judgment. ’ And this is in harmony with all our rulings on this subject. [Shelbina Hotel Ass’n v. Parker, 58 Mo. 327; Railroad v. Traube, 59 Mo. 355; Comstock v. Davis, 51 Mo. 569; Greenabaum v. Elliott, 60 Mo. 250; Caldwell v. White, 77 Mo. 471.] “This is not only the English rule and the rule in this State, but generally ‘the tendency of the American cases is to regard all the issues which might have been raised and litigated in any case to be as completely barred as if they had been directly adjudicated and included in the verdict.’' [21 Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law (1 Ed.), 216 and 217, and notes.] ” To the same effect is the doctrine expressed by Lamm, J., in the recent opinion in case of Donnell v. Wright, 199 Mo. 304. — 502 — That the question involved in this-case could have been litigated in the other is beyond doubt. In fact, the defendant invited the litigation thereof by the evidence offered as to the homestead rights of Mrs. Duffy. Plaintiff seems to have been so intent upon securing the whole loaf as to fail to make the point that he was entitled to a part of the loáf, and this, too, after the 'defendants had invited him to* make the claim by the character , of their evidence. Courts cannot be trifled with in this manner. When a case is presented, the whole ease should be presented. Suppose the defendants had failed to show the homestead right of Mrs. Duffy in this property, and judgment had gone against them for that reason, which would have been the situation under the opinion of this court at the former hearing, would it be said that they could in another action raise the question omitted and profit thereby? Certainly not. Their failure to make the defense would have been as conclusive upon them as if made and adjudicated against them. It was a matter which could have been raised and adjudicated and such are considered as adjudicated. What is sauce for the goose is likewise sauce for the gander. Plaintiff could have had an adjudication of his right to a surplus, if any there was, in the former suit, but he failed so to do. He sought to take the whole lot rather than a part. We are of the opinion that the plea of former adjudication was good, and the trial court has committed no error. The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed. All concur.