Albert v. Sanford

VALLIANT, J. This is a suit in equity to call a trustee to account and to settle the trust estate. Henry Sanford, father of defendant Linus Sanford and grandfather of the other parties, died testate in November, 1861, leaving an estate which at the time of his death was and for a long while thereafter remained insolvent, but which, under the administration of defendant Linus who jointly with his mother was an executor of his father’s will, finally paid its debts and left a balance over for distribution. At the time of the death of the testator his estate consisted of what in the evidence is called a homestead in Cape Girardeau where he lived, a farm near by, and 2,366 acres of wild land ; he also owned two slaves, some notes calling in the aggregate with Interest for $2,578, and household furniture, etc. What the notes were worth the evidence does not show. _ The appraisement of the estate was lost when the court house was burned during the war, but in 1885 a new appraisement under order of the probate — 126 — court was made of the real estate and it amounted then to $2,385. Debts were proven and allowed by the probate court against the estate to- the amount of $6-,139'.16. In 1863 or 1864 the creditors were pressing for payment and there being then no- available- personal property, by order of the probate court, the land was put up at auction and sold, was bought in by a member of the family for $800 and reconveyed to the trustees hereinafter mentioned. Defendant Linus from time to time borrowed money to- pay on the debts, holding the estate together, and so affairs went on until 1880, by which time he had paid all the debts against the- estate, and in 1882 made a final settlement as executor in the probate court, in which settlement it was shown that there was a balance in his hands due the estate of $140.29", and real estate of the appraised value of $2,385-. In 1890 a railroad was built near the land which .so enhanced its value that Linus subdivided and sold it for sums aggregating $8,978, which sums he received; this suit is to-require him to account as trustee for that sum plus the $140.29- balance due on his final settlement in the probate court. The- foregoing is a very brief description of the character of the estate which is the subject of this suit; the rights of the parties in regard to it grow out of the will of the testator, Henry Sanford, under which they all claim and chiefly under the main clause in his wilj. which we will presently copy. The testator left surviving him, his widow Mary Sanford, his two sons, Linus, the defendant, and Pearl, and his two daughters, Rowena Hunt and Teresa Albert. Of these, Linus is the only one now living. The son P'earl died in Australia in 186-2, leaving a widow and three children whose whereabouts are unknown and they are made parties defendant as the unknown heirs of Pearl Sanford, deceased; Rowena Hunt died in October, 18-64, leaving two children who are plaintiffs in this — 127 — suit; Teresa Albert died in 1893, leaving six children who are also plaintiffs herein. Mary Sanford, the widow of the testator, died in 1885>. Linus Sanford is called to account herein as the sole surviving trustee under the will, and his adversaries are the children and heirs of his deceased sisters. The trial resulted in a decree for the plaintiffs in which Linus (whom we will hereinafter call the defendant because he is the only real defendant) is charged with the $140.29 balance due on his final settlement as executor with interest at -six per- cent per annum from August, 1885, and $8,978, the aggregate proceeds of sales of the land since that settlement, and interest at same rate on the proceeds of each sale from the date thereof, making in all $14,098.20'; giving him a credit for certain expenditures, and refusing to give him credit for certain other expenditures for which he asked credit, and rendering judgment against him for a balance so struck of $8,303.04, to be distributed among the plaintiffs and the heirs of Pearl Sanford as in the decree specified. Prom that decree the defendant has appealed and assigns for error, first, that it was error to have held him to account at the suit of these plaintiffs at all; second, that the court erred in the account by not giving him credit for certain items claimed by him and in charging him interest. I. Whether the plaintiffs have such an interest in the estate as entitles them to maintain this suit depends on what the will means. There is one point on which counsel on both sides agree, that is, that in determining the rights of the parties under the will we must be controlled by what we find to have been the real intent of the testator, and that intent is to be discovered from the whole instrument, viewing the subject from the standpoint of the testator, that is, considering the condition of his estate, his family and the circumstances or conditions which surrounded him at the time he' made the will. — 128 — The will hears date October 28, 1861; the State was then in the throes of the great civil war, the testator’s, estate was large in area, though then undeveloped, unproductive, of small present value, debts amounting to more than $6,000 hanging over it, the family the testator was leaving being his wife the mother of his children, one son the defendant Linus then about 22 years old present to take charge of the-estate, the other son absent, two daughters, one a widow with four children dependent on him, the other a married woman living with her husband. How to hold the estate together until the debts could be paid and at the same time furnish the necessaries of life to the dependent family would be a difficult problem at any time, but in war times more difficult, yet that was the problem the father left to his son and widow to work out, and he gave it to them in these words: ‘ ‘ After my just debts are paid and the special bequests hereinafter named are' discharged, I will, bequeath and devise all of my property of whatsoever nature, whether real, personal or mixed, to Mary Sanford my wife, and Linus Sanford, my son, who are also hereinafter appointed executors ; and in case of the death of either of them, to the survivor, in trust for themselves, as heirs of mine, and the other three heirs namely, my son, Pearl, my daughters, Roena Hunt and Teresa Albert, giving them, the said Mary Sanford and Linus Sanford or survivor, full power and authority to make distribution of my property among- my heirs, as to them may appear best, and to1 distribute to those of my said heirs who are the most in want, in the same manner as I could do, were I living. I will that my executors, or the survivor of them, and I do hereby authorize them, to sell and convey at public, or private sale on such terms as they may deem suitable, all my personal or real estate, for the payment of debts or distribution, and in the case of such the sale of real estate, to make and execute deed or — 129 — deeds of conveyance as fully as I could do, were I living.” Respondents construe that clause to mean that the widow and heirs named were given a vested equitable estate, with the legal title in the trustees named with the power to have made unequal distribution if they had seen fit to do so, but that as that power was not exercised until all the children of the testator named in the will, except Linus, had died it. could not thereafter have been exercised and cannot be now. Appellant’s construction is that the will gave the estate to the trustees and the survivor of them absolutely, and with power of appointment to be exercised in their discretion; that the children of the testator other than Linus took nothing by the will but could have taken by appointment, if the power had been exercised in their favor, but no appointment having been made in their favor while they lived they acquired no estate that would descend to their heirs and therefore the plaintiffs have no interest in the trust estate. The learned trial judge was of the opinion that the children of the testator by force of the will took a vested interest in the estate which when they died descended to their heirs respectively, that the power given by the will to the trustees to sell was for the payment of debts and distribution, that as the debts had all been paid when the final settlement was made in the probate court the sales of the land since then could only have been for the purpose of distribution, hence the plaintiff's were entitled to the accounting and distribution prayed. We think the court’s interpretation of the will was in the main correct, but we also think that there was a large power, as large as that of a proprietor of the property, running not only through the period of administration as executors but continuing also through the period of trusteeship, under which the defendant — 130 — in Ms discretion could devote any part of the estate or of the proceeds thereof to the wants or necessities of the beneficiaries or either of them. The testator made his will in the face of extraordinary conditions, well calculated to cause him to apprehend that his estate would not be adequate to save Ms wife and children from suffering unless the fullest power were given his trustees, in whose discretion was his only reliance. Therefore he gave them power to discriminate between his children “as to them may appear best, and to distribute to those of my said heirs who are most in want in the same manner as I could do, were I living.” We cannot think that the testator meant to limit the power to discriminate to the condition of the testator’s children at the time of his death, but, whilst it may be he had in mind in that connection only his children, not their children, yet he intended his trustees to come to the relief of any one of his children who needed help at any time as fully as the testator could have done if he were living. This thought must go with us in the statement of the account. II. After the death of the testator the defendant with Ms mother and Ms sister Mrs. Hunt and her four children moved out to the farm and lived there for three years, that is, until January, 1865, and during that period they were supported or subsisted on the product of the farm. During that period Mrs. Hunt was the housekeeper and the defendant was the manager and chief laborer on the farm; he claims that he should be allowed credit on this account for the value of his services thus rendered in maintaining his mother and sister and her children, and he puts his figures for that service at $2,700. Under the power given him by will, in SO' far as the rights of the widow and children of the testator are concerned, the defendant had authority to appropriate any portion of the trust estate or of its product to the sup — 131 — port and maintenance of his mother and sister, if in his judgment they needed it more than the other beneficiaries, and in a suit in which he might be called to account for the part of the estate or its product so used he would sufficiently account for it by .showing that it was so used. But the item now under discussion does not relate to a part of the trust estate or its product, but to the personal services of the defendant, his own labor as a farm band. If he was being charged in this account with the products of the farm during the period covered by this item he could show that they were consumed by his mother and his sister and her children and that showing under the plenary power given him by the will would acquit him, but that is not the case. The court did not err in denying the defendant that item of credit. III. Defendant claims credit for $3,000 for the expense of maintaining his mother from January, 1865, to August 23, 1885, the date of her death. To the extent that it is sustained by the evidence that is a legitimate credit to defendant. "Whilst the maintenance of a testator’s family is not ordinarily the duty of the executor, yet under this will it was his duty and privilege. It satisfactorily appears from the evidence that the testator’s widow lived with defendant and was supported by him from the time she returned from the farm in January, 1865, to the date of her death, August 23, 1885, except for a period of perhaps four years, 1874 to 1878, concerning which time the evidence is in confusion. The evidence is also satisfactory that $150 a year is a reasonable estimate of the costs of that' maintenance. Deducting four years from the period claimed leaves sixteen and. a half years proven, which at $150 a year render the item for which the defendant should have credit $2,475, but, on this account the court allowed him only $900. He should therefore have an additional credit of $1,575 on that item. — 132 — IY. The evidence shows that November 16, 1880, the defendant at the request of Mrs. Albert paid $1,000 for the purchase of a judgment against her husband, which transaction resulted in material benefit to her and her family. The ground on which the respondents resist the allowance of this item is that the interest of Mrs. Albert vested in her at the death of her father in November, 1861, when she was a married woman, and it being before the enactment of the Married Woman’s statute it did not become her separate estate, and therefore, in 1880, when she requested the defendant to advance this money to save her home, she could not by contract bind her property. We need not discuss the Married Woman’s act or the power of Mrs. Albert to bind her property by contract ; it is sufficient for the present purpose to say that this is a suit in equity in which the heirs of Mrs. Albert are ashing a court of conscience to compel the defendant to render unto them what is right and just and if they ash equity they must show a disposition to do equity. Besides, the authority to advance this money to protect one of the testator’s daughters from what the trustee thought was a pending danger is to be found in the large discretionary power given the trustee by the will. Defendant is entitled to credit for that item. Y. The court refused to allow the trustee any sum for payment of his attorneys in this suit. The record shows that the trustee was faithful in the management of the estate and exercised good business judgment in its preservation. In fact, it is due alone to the fidelity and good judgment of the defendant that there was any estate left for distribution. •When it came into his hands it was insolvent and but for his services it would have all gone under the sheriff’s hammer. The trial- court recognized this fact and — 133 — allowed his as compensation for his own services the sum of $1,000, but by refusing to allow him anything as compensation for his legal counsel in this suit in effect compelled him to pay his counsel out of the sum allowed for his own labor. The court put its refusal to allow this item on the ground that in this suit the defendant is denying the plaintiffs’ right to any part of the estate and is claiming it all as his own. The allowance of attorney’s fees in a case of this kind is to a considerable extent within the discretion of the court; as a rule a reasonable allowance is made unless bad faith or culpable mismanagement appears. Here there is no suspicion of bad faith and, as already said, excellent management is shown. The fact that the defendant was advised that under the terms of the will these plaintiffs had no interest in the estate and m> right to call him to account should not be charged up against him under the head of bad faith. If he was advised that such were his rights he had a right to ask the judgment of the court to that effect. That it was a very doubtful question in the ease' is shown not only by the elaborate briefs of learned counsel on both sides, but by the very learned written opinion of the trial judge with which we have been favored and by which we have been persuaded. But that stage of the cause once passed and the defendant ordered to produce an account of his trusteeship, it is then a matter in which the conflict is not necessarily restricted to the plaintiffs on the one side and this defendant on the other, but one in which the respective interests of the beneficiaries among themselves are to be considered, not only among those present, but also the far away heirs of the deceased brother. The court ought to have allowed the defendant at least $500 for his attorney’s fees. YI. The last controverted item is the interest charged against this trustee. In the settlement of a trustee’s account in a court of equity he is or is not charged with interest accord — 134 — ing to the circumstances. There is no statute or arbitrary rule on the subject. When a court of equity charges the trustee with interest it is when and only when the circumstances of the case render it right and just to do so. [In re Davis, 62 Mo. 450; Camp v. Camp, 74 Mo. 192; Cruce v. Cruce, 81 Mo. 676; Bobb v. Bobb, 89 Mo. 411; Booker v. Armstrong, 93 Mo. 49; Myers v. Myers, 98 Mo. 262.] In this case the various sales of real estate ran through a period from March, 1888, to February, 1902, and the trustee is charged with interest on each item at six per cent per annum from the date of the sale to date of decree, January 14,1904. We do not think the circumstances of this case justify the charging of the trustee with interest. The evidence shows that he did not receive any interest on it, and whilst it shows thathespent it for his own purposes and it is now all gone, yet he did so openly, believing it to be his own and under circumstances which show that the plaintiffs had notice of it. If the plaintiffs thought that they were entitled to a share in the proceeds of these sales they ought to have said so earlier. But they allowed a period of about 18' years to pass after the final settlement in the probate court and 10' years or more after defendant began selling this land before they gave any intimation to Mm that they claimed any interest under their grandfather’s will. During all that time they seemed to acquiesce in that interpretation of the will on wlfich defendant acted. They now say that these controverted items of credit claimed by the trustee are afterthoughts of Ms trumped up' to meet the exigencies of this case, and very likely that is so, but the plaintiffs ’ case also bears evidence of being an afterthought; it would have appeared in a more favorable light if it had been brought to- the attention of the court ten years or more ago or when defendant first began selling the land. The judgment of $140'.29> on final settlement in the — 135 — probate court would bear interest under tbe statute from the date of its rendition, but the record shows that since that date and before the filing of this suit the trustee paid out to some of the beneficiaries more than the amount of that balance; therefore, the interest on that sum should not run in this account. Taking all the other items of the account as stated ■by the court, about which there is no controversy, eliminating the items of interest on both sides, giving the defendant credit for $1,575 in addition to the $900 allowed him by the court for the maintenance of the widow of the testator, and $500' as a fee for his attorneys, leaves as total amount of debits against defendant $10,118, and credits in his favor $4,804.71, leaving as a basis for distribution a balance of $5,313.29, but as against the respective shares of some of the distributees defendant is entitled to credit for amounts already paid them, as will be shown in the figures following: The distribution of the $5,313.29, should then be as follows: To Linus Sanford one-fourth...... $1328.32 To heirs of Pearl Sanford one-fourth 1328.32 To heirs of Teresa Albert one-fourth $1328.32 Less amounts paid her.......... 1100.00 228.32 Of which Henry Albert is entitled to one-sixth.................. $38.05 Wm. J. Albert is entitled to one-sixth ...................... 38.05 Robert G-. Albert is entitled to one-sixth.................. 38.05 Clement Albert is entitled to one-sixth .............,........ 38.05 Jules Albert is entitled to one-sixth ...................... 38.05 Annie Rozier is entitled to one-sixth .................... 38.05 — 136 — To heirs of Mrs. Hunt........... $1328.32 Of which Phil. J. Hunt is entitled to .one-half.................. 664.16 Less amount previously paid him 174.00 $ 490.16 And Mrs. Rowe is entitled to .... 664.16 Less amount previously paid her 100.00 564.16 The judgment is reversed, the account is re-stated to conform to the above views, and a final judgment will he entered here in accordance therewith, the defendant Linus Sanford to pay the costs incurred in the circuit court. All concur.