Hutchinson v. Patterson

VALLIANT, J. Ejectment for 120 acres of land in Chariton county. There was a judgment for the plaintiff and defendant appealed. The petition is in — 179 — the usual form. The answer admits possession, asserts title and denies other allegations in the petition; then it pleads that in 1905 one James Barry, then claiming to own the land in question in fee simple, filed a suit in the circuit court of Chariton county against this defendant to quiet title under section 650, Revised Statutes 1899; that defendant answered, denying title in Barry, asserting it in himself, and praying judgment that he go and recover his costs, which suit resulted in a judgment in favor of defendant, from which judgment no appeal was taken; that that suit was instituted at the instance of the plaintiff .in this suit to clear the title to enable Barry to consummate a sale of the land which this plaintiff had already negotiated, and he was fully cognizant of the proceedings and result therein; that after that judgment he took from Barry a deed conveying all the title Barry had to the land. The pleadings and proceeding in the Barry suit are fully set forth in the answer and the judgment is pleaded as res adjudicata in bar of this suit. Plaintiff filed a motion to strike out all that part of the answer relating to the Barry suit, and the court having sustained the motion, defendant saved his exceptions. The point w;as also well preserved in the motion for a new trial. At the trial the plaintiff traced title from the State to Chariton county and thence to the First National Bank of Kansas City. Then plaintiff offered a deed purporting to be a conveyance of the land from “Walter Johnson, receiver of the First National Bank of Kansas City, Missouri,” to John Ross. To this offer defendant objected “because there is no proof of the authority of Walter Johnson, receiver, to make the deed.” Plaintiff’s counsel replied, “The deed recites the appointment, I think that, is prima facie.” The court overruled the objection and defendant excepted. Plaintiff then read the deed and introduced other deeds bringing the title of Ross down to plaintiff and rested. — 180 — . Defendant offered the record in the Barry case already mentioned, with proof as to the plaintiff’s knowledge of it, which, on objection of plaintiff, was excluded and defendant excepted. Defendant then introduced evidence tracing his title from one Thomas Ferguson and wife and parol testimony tending to show adverse possession for thirty years, and plaintiff in rebuttal offered evidence contra to the adverse possession. I. We will first consider certain objections respondent makes to appellant’s abstract. a. The motion for new trial and the exception to the overruling of the same are fully set put in the .bill of exceptions; the filing of the motion and the order of the court overruling the same are shown by the record proper. That is just as it should be. Respondent is mistaken in supposing that the record proper should contain the motion or the exception. [Harding v. Bedoll, 202 Mo. l. c. 630.] b. Respondent also thinks that the abstract does not show that the motion for new trial was filed during the same term the judgment was rendered, but in this also he is mistaken. The abstract shows that the judgment was rendered 14th June, 1907, and it also shows that on the same day the motion for new trial was filed, and by agreement of parties was taken up and considered and was by the court overruled as “appears by record entries made at the term.” The abstract does not say in so many words that that was the same term, but it does say it was done by the court on the same day and so entered of record. That is quite sufficient. The same is true in regard to the objection that the abstract does not show that leave to file a bill of exceptions was given by the court during the same term. The abstract does show it. c. The point is also made that the abstract does not set out the contents of the affidavit for appeal. — 181 — The abstract does set out the record entry showing that an affidavit for appeal was filed and $10 docket fee deposited on the 14th June, and at the same term of court, and the appeal was granted and leave to file appeal bond within ten days was granted. If respondent thought the affidavit was not sufficient he could have called the attention of the trial court to it or he could have brought it here by an additional abstract for our inspection. As it is we will presume that the trial court examined the affidavit and found it sufficient before making the order allowing the appeal. [State ex rel. Brown v. Broaddus, 216 Mo. 336; Elliott v. Delaney, 217 Mo. l. c. 26.] The abstract is sufficient. II. Was it error to strike out all that part of the defendant’s answer relating to the Barry case and sustain plaintiff’s objection to the introduction of that record in evidence? That is the question of chief importance in the case. Respondent contends that the Barry suit amounted only to an action in ejectment and therefore the judgment was no bar to another ejectment suit between the same parties for the same land. It is true a judgment in a mere ejectment suit is not a bar to another suit in ejectment, because ejectment is an action for possession, and a party might not be entitled to possession at one time, yet so entitled at another time. A judgment in an ejectment suit, if for the plaintiff, is simply that he recover possession of the land and damages and rents; if for the defendant, it is that the plaintiff take nothing by his writ and the defendant go free and recover his costs. But if the defendant in ejectment sets up an equitable cross-defense, praying affirmative relief which would bar the plaintiff’s action at law, and the court makes a decree sustaining the equitable defense, that becomes res adjudicada and cannot be litigated again between the same parties or their privies in another — 182 — suit. For example, if a defendant, when sued in ejectment, knows that his adversary has a deed which, at law, would entitle him to recover, but knows also that the deed was the result of fraud, accident or mistake, he may file an answer containing what would amount to a bill in equity attacking the validity of the deed and praying its cancellation, and if the decree should be in his favor cancelling the deed and decreeing it to be thenceforth of no effect, that matter would be, res adjuMoata and could not be litigated again under the shield of another ejectment suit. At the common law a defendant in such case would have to go into a court of chancery with an original bill to obtain the relief, while under our code system he may litigate his equitable claim in the ejectment suit, but the result reached is the same- in both systems, and the decree puts the question at rest in the one as well as in the other. [Jamison v. Martin, 184 Mo. 422; Bierman v. Crecelius, 135 Mo. 386; Sampson v. Mitchell, 125 Mo. 217 1. c. 230 ; St. Louis v. Schulenburg, 98 Mo. 613; Preston v. Rickets, 91 Mo. 320.] "We do not see anything in Clark v. Bettelheim, 144 Mo. 258, to which we are referred, in conflict with what we have above said. The Act of 1897, now section 650, Revised Statutes 1899, is a statute^ designed especially to quiet titles, to put them at rest, to end all controversy about them. It is in the same spirit as the ancient chancery bill to quiet title, it only enlarges the scope of that bill. In Ball v. Woolfolk, 175 Mo. 278 1. c. 285, the court said: “The proceeding is provided to settle just such adverse claims in order that the parties may have their rights judicially ascertained and set at rest.” There is nothing more adverse to the purpose of that statute than that the parties should be allowed to litigate again the matters that were to be adjudged in that proceeding. Whilst the suit authorized by section 650, Revised Statutes 1899, is a statutory proceeding and therefore — 183 — cannot, strictly speaking, be called a snit in equity, yet the nature of the proceeding is such that it often involves matters that a court of equity is alone qualified to consider: to examine titles and determine questions of law that affect their validity, just the character of judicial work that led to the establishment in English jurisprudence of courts of chancery. When such is the case it must be treated as we would treat a suit in equity, and such was the Barry case and so the trial court treated it. In that case the pleadings were closely in conformity with the requirements of the statute; the petition stated that the plaintiff (Barry) claimed to own the fee simple title to the land (describing it), that defendant claimed some interest or estate in it adverse to that of the plaintiff; “Wherefore plaintiff prays the court to try, ascertain and determine the interest and title of the plaintiff and defendant respectively, in and to said property, and by its decree adjudge, settle and define whatever interest the several parties plaintiff and defendant herein may have in and to said real estate, and for all proper relief. ’ ’ The answer of the defendant denied that plaintiff had any title and asserted that defendant owned the fee simple title and was in possession. The final judgment was: “And the court finds that plaintiff is not entitled to the relief sought for and finds the issues for the defendant. It is therefore considered and adjudged by the court that the plaintiff take nothing by his action herein, and that defendant have and recover of plaintiff his costs herein expended and have execution therefor.” The judgment was not in good form, but it responded to the pleadings, saying it “finds the issues for the defendant” and adjudges that the plaintiff take nothing by his action. What were the issues? The pleadings show. Those issues are found for the defendant. What did the plaintiff seek at the hands of the court? To have the title decreed to be in him; yet the court said he could take nothing and should — 184 — pay tlie cost. Both parties seemed satisfied with the judgment as no appeal was taken. Respondent now says there was no final judgment in that case. Suppose at the next term of court he had asked for a retrial of the same issues or had asked an entry of a different judgment, was it in the power of the court to have granted the request! Or suppose at the next term he had brought another suit, on a duplicate of that petition, could he have maintained it? Suppose a plaintiff should file a suit in equity charging that defendant had in his possession a deed which he had obtained by fraud and which clouded the plaintiff’s title and praying to have it surrendered and cancelled, and defendant answered-admitting his possession of the deed, but denying the fraud, and suppose after a trial the court should enter a judgment simply reciting a finding of the issues for the defendant and dismissing the plaintiff’s bill and adjudging- the costs for defendant, could the plaintiff afterwards contend that the question of the validity of the deed was not adjudged because there was no express mention of it in the judgment? .We hold that the judgment in the Barry case was a final one and that its effect was to settle the title in favor of the defendant, and it cannot now be litigated, by Barry or by one in privity of estate with him. Plaintiff also contends that the parties tried the Barry case as if it were an action in ejectment and therefore it became an action in ejectment. In support of this contention attention is called to the fact that the parties called for a jnry and the court so ordered, that the verdict of the jury was in favor of the plaintiff, Barry, but the court set the verdict aside, or refused to be governed by it and rendered its own finding and judgment as above stated. It being as we have already said a cause to be tried like an equity suit, the court could call a jury if it so chose, but was not bound by the jury’s finding. But how could that proceeding have the effect to convert a suit in which — 185 — the pleadings unquestionably presented a cause for quieting title, into an action of ejectment? If pleadings leave a case in so much doubt that it is difficult to determine whether it is one thing or another, we may yield to the interpretation put on it by the parties as shown by their manner of trying it, but where the petition and answer leave no room to doubt the character of the suit or the nature of the issues to be tried it cannot be changed by the manner of trial. We see nothing, however, in the proceedings in the Barry case to indicate that the parties treated it as an action in ejectment; the mere fact that a jury was called is hot a very unusual course in an equity suit, and the chancellor in that case showed very clearly by his action in reference to the jury’s verdict that he treated the suit as one in equity. We hold that defendant had a right to introduce the record in that case in evidence and show if he could that the plaintiff was in privity of estate with Barry. III. It was error to allow the plaintiff to read in evidence the deed from Walter Johnson, receiver, without first showing his authority to make the deed. Respondent contends that there was no objection on that ground when the deed was offered, but he is mistaken on that point. The objection was: “because there is no proof of authority of Walter Johnson, receiver, to make the deed.” The deed was admitted on'the ground that its recitals were prima facie true. Our statute makes the ’recitals in a sheriff’s deed primafacie evidence of their truth, but the statute does not extend to receivers. • The deed recites that he was appointed receiver of the bank by the comptroller of the currency of the United States; if so, the fact is easy of proof, but the court could not take judicial cognizance of that fact. The sale purports to have been made by order of the circuit court of Jackson county; if so it is a judicial sale and is not complete until approved by the court. [23 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law — 186 — (2 Ed.), pp. 1083-4.] In respondent’s brief it is said that the laws of the United States do not require a receiver’s sale to be approved; that may be, but here is a receiver claiming to be acting under an order of a circuit court of this State, and he must conform to the laws of this State in so acting. A State court derives its law of procedure and its rules of evidence not from an act of Congress, but from the law of the State. The learned counsel say the receiver was an officer of the United States and his acts are entitled to the same presumption of regularity as those of other public officers. Without deciding whether or not a receiver appointed by the comptroller of the currency is a public officer it is enough to say that in this instance his act in question is not offered to rest on the presumption that he acted in conformity with the law prescribing the duties of his office, if it were, and if his act were covered by that presumption, no recitals would be necessary, he could just make the deed without reference to his authority, but here the offer is based on the supposed presumption that his recitals are true. Our sheriffs are public officers and the presumption of regularity and conformity to law applies as well to their acts as to the acts of other public officers, yet the recitals in a sheriff’s deed are received as primafaeie evidence of their truth only by force of our statute. This receiver (assuming that he was receiver) did not claim to have made this deed solely by virtue of his authority as receiver under appointment by the comptroller of the currency, but by order of the circuit court of Jackson county. If that is so then the record of that court will show the order; the contents of the court’s record cannot be proven by such recitals or even by oral testimony. The point is made that the Danl. Hutchinson mentioned in the deed cannot without proof be presumed to be D. J. Hutchinson the plaintiff. As the cause is to be retried it is unnecessary to consider that point. — 187 — The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded to be retried according to the law as herein expressed. All concur.