City of St. Louis v. Ringold

VALLIANT, J. — Information was filed in one of the police courts of the city against the appellant, charging him with keeping a bawdy house, “contrary to the ordinance in such case made and provided;” on which information he was tried and convicted and fined $50. He appealed to the St. Louis Court of Criminal Correction, where a trial de novo was had and he was again convicted and fined $50; from that judgment he appealed to this court. In the bill of exceptions it is said that in the Court of Criminal Correction appellant filed a demurrer to the information which was overruled and exception taken; if that is so it has no [475] place in the bill of exceptions. A demurrer is a pleading and it, together with the ruling of the court on it, should appear in the record proper. But the absence of the demurrer and the ruling thereupon in the record proper is not material in this ease, because here the objection to the information is not to any formal part, but challenges its vitality. If a petition states no cause of action, or an information no misdemeanor known to the law, the objection may be made at any time, even for the first time in the appellate court. The appellant says now that the information on which he was tried and convicted does not state facts sufficient to constitute a violation of any ordinance of the city; if that is so the conviction cannot stand. The information is as follows: ' • “City of St. Louis, .July 16, 1907. “Sol Ringold, “To the City of St. Louis, Dr. “To three hundred dollars for the violation of an ordinance of the said city entitled, ‘An ordinance in revision of the General Ordinances of the' City of St. Louis,’ being general ordinance No. 22,902, Section — Clause —, Approved March 19,1907. In this to wit:”— Then the information goes on to state facts showing that defendant kept a bawdy house in the city, and concludes, “Contrary to the ordinance in such case made and provided.” There is nothing in the information showing that in the Revised Ordinances of the city there is an ordinance forbidding the keeping of a bawdy house or imposing a fine or other penalty for doing so. At the trial there was evidence tending to show that defendant kept a bawdy house at a certain place in the city specified in the information; then the city offered in evidence section 1518, clause 1, of ordinance No. 22,902, entitled, “An ordinance in Revision of General ordinances of the city of St. Louis,” approved March 19, 1907, to which offer defendant objected on the ground that the section of the general ordinance so [476] offered was not pleaded; the objection was overruled and defendant excepted. We will take for granted that the section of the ordinance so offered did forbid the keeping of a bawdy house and imposed a penalty for its violation, although we do not know what it was, because it is not contained in this record. But assuming that such was the ordinance, can the defendant be convicted of violating it when it is not pleaded by title or number, nor are its contents stated in the information either in. haec verba or in substance? When a man is properly arraigned in court for violating a city ordinance it is- no defense for him to say that he was ignorant that there was such an ordinance, for the maxim that ignorance of the law excuses no one is applicablé in. such ease. But when an information is lodged against him charging that he has violated an ordinance, it must state facts sufficient to constitute the offense of which he is accused and the ordinance alleged to have been violated is one of the facts to be pleaded and proven. An information charging an offense under a State statute need not plead the statute, because the courts take judicial cognizance of a law of the State, but they do not take cognizance of an ordinance. When an information or indictment concludes “contrary to the statute in such case made and provided,” the court takes cognizance of that statute without further reference to it, but not so when the act complained of is alleged to be “contrary to the ordinance in such case made and provided.” An ordinance must be treated as a fact and when it is the foundation on which the plaintiff would build its case it must be pleaded and proven as a fact. In this case the only ordinance specified as having been violated is an ordinance entitled, “An ordinance in revision of the General Ordinances of the city of St. Louis,” being General Ordinance No. 22,902. Our Kansas City Court óf Appeals had this very question before, it in Kansas City v. Whitman, 70 Mo. App. [477] 630, -wherein it was charged in the information that the act complained of was done “in violation of an ordinance entitled. ‘Revision of the Ordinances of the City of Kansas, Missouri,’ approved May 12, 1888.” Judge Ellison for the court said: “This was not a sufficient reference to the ordinance alleged to be violated. It was no more than a reference to the whole of the book of ordinances of the city.” In St. Louis v. Roche, 128 Mo. 531, the appeal was from a judgment of conviction of violating a city ordinance; the ordinance was well pleaded, but at the trial it was not introduced in evidence; this court per Burgess, J., said: “The rule is well settled in this State that courts will not take judicial notice of the ordinances of municipalities;” and for the failure of the prosecution to introduce the ordinance in evidence in that ease the judgment of the trial court was reversed and the defendant discharged. A fact that is essential to be proven in order to establish the plaintiff’s case is essential to be pleaded. Counsel for the city refer to St. Louis v. Weitzel, 130 Mo. 600, wherein this court held the information to be sufficient, saying: “So that it was not necessary to recite in the complaint the particular section of the ordinance alleged to have been violated.” But that was not a case in which the ordinance alleged to have been violated was an ordinance to revise all the ordinances of the city; it was a particular ordinance and, though of several sections, it related to but one subject. Whether we call this a civil suit and therefore judge the information by the rules applicable to a petition in such case, or a criminal proceeding and therefore judge it by the stricter rules applicable to an information or indictment for a crime, in either case it is essential that the information state facts going to constitute a violation of an ordinance, and one of those essential facts is the existence of such an ordinance. This information' whilst sufficient in its state [478] ments of other facts is fatally defective in not pleading the ordinance alleged to have been violated. The judgment is reversed and defendant discharged. All concur.