Craig v. St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad

GRAVES, J. December 22, 1907, one George Craig was struck and killed by one of the defendant’s trains near the town of Moselle in Franklin county, Missouri. Said Craig was unmarried and left as his lawful heirs his mother, Nannie Craig, the present ad — 273 — ministra'trix of Ms estate, and plaintiff in the - ease, and some brothers and sisters. In view of the law, details of the unfortunate accident resulting in George Craig’s death need not be reviewed. Whether these details would reflect upon deceased or the railway becomes a matter wholly immaterial here. Suffice it to say that the mother, Nan-Me Craig, was made administratrix of the estate and in that capacity on July 30, 1908, filed her petition charging the defendant with the negligent killing of the said George Craig. This petition was returnable-to the following November term of said court, at which time the issues were duly made by answer and reply, but the cause was continued to the following March term in the year 1909. At this March term, 1909, the-plaintiff filed an amended petition. The issues were again made up by answer and reply and the cause tried at said March term. March 13, 1909, verdict was returned for the defendant. March 16th, being a. day of said March term, a motion for new trial was filed by plaintiff, and this motion was overruled on April 5, 1909, but during the said March term. On the same day plaintiff took the appeal in this case. The récord concernng further matters had better speak for itself and we quote from the plaintiff’s abstract before us thus: “Thereafter, on the said 5th day of April, 1909, it being one of the days of the March term, 1909, of said court, the plaintiff deposited $10 as a docket fee in the Supreme Court and filed its application and affidavit in due form praying an appeal of said cause to the Supreme Court of Missouri. And on the said 5th day of April, 1909, and at the March term, 1909, of said court, the court by order duly entered of record in said cause, duly granted the plaintiff an appeal of said cause to the Supreme Court of Missouri. “And thereafter, on the 19th day of July, 1911, — 274 — and at the July term, 1911, of said court, and within the time allowed by law, the plaintiff presented her bill of exceptions herein, and said bill of exceptions was thereupon signed and sealed by the judge of said court and by an order of court duly entered of record in said cause, approved, allowed and filed, and made a part of the record in said cause. “On the 20th day of September, 1909, and within the time allowed by law, the appellant perfected her appeal herein by filing in this court certified copies of judgment and order granting appeal.” Raised by Motion. It is the second paragraph of the quotation above that gives rise to the trouble in the case. Defendant has filed its motion to affirm because no bill excepti°ns was filed within the time prescribed by law. This motion and the suggestion both for and contra were taken with the case. The motion at least raises the question of whether or not the bill of exceptions is here for consideration. With the view we entertain' as to the law this sufficiently states the case. Motion to Affirm. I. Going to the record before us it appears the defendant has moved to affirm because no bill of exceptions was filed within time. As a motion to affirm it should not be sustained on the ground alleged. It does appear from the abstract of record be-£°re 11S that an appeal was taken in proper time, and that appeal lodged in this court within proper time. The abstract before us properly abstracts the record proper, so far as the pleadings and the judgment are of consequence. In such state of the record it is our duty to say whether or not the judgment entered is one which could have been entered under the pleadings. If under the pleadings the judgment cannot stand, then it would be our duty to reverse the judgment, although no bill of exceptions had been filed. So that we say that a motion to affirm — 275 — does not have to be sustained simply because an appellant fails to file a bill of exceptions, because if the record proper is before us, and such record shows that the judgment entered is not one which could be entered under the pleadings, then we would have to reverse the case, although there was no bill of exceptions. We have often so ruled on motions to dismiss an appeal and we need not further reiterate the reasons. We have always held that such a motion will call to our attention the fact as to whether or not we have before us the bill of exceptions or only the record proper. So in this case the motion to affirm (grounded as it is) is such as to present to us the question whether we shall consider the whole record (which includes the record proper and the bill of exceptions) or the record proper only. It might be further said that the motion would also call our attention to the fact that there was no error in the record proper. But the real question in this ease is whether or not there is a bill of exceptions here for our consideration, and to that question we next proceed. Bills ofExceptions _ II. It will be noticed from the quotation made from the abstract of record in our statement, that no bill of exceptions was filed at the March term, 1909, of the Franklin Circuit Court. Nor does the abstract show any leave to file a bill of exceptions at a later date. The law then governing the filing kills of exceptions required them to be filed during the trial term, or at some later date properly fixed by order of the court. The abstract fails to show an order for the filing of a bill of exceptions at a later date, and therefore fails to disclose any reason for the filing of such bill of exceptions at any time save at the trial term. This seems to be conceded, but plaintiff claims she had the right to file her bill of exceptions two years later, as she did, and that this court must consider it when so — 276 — filed, because of tbe provision of an act of tbe Legislature passed in 1911 (Laws 1911, pp. 139 and 140), and this is the sole contention in tbe case. This Act of 1911 repealed section 2029, Revised Statutes 1909, and enacted in lieu thereof a new section wbicb reads: ‘ ‘ Sucb exceptions may be written and filed at tbe time or during tbe term of tbe court at wbicb it is taken, or witbin sucb time thereafter as tbe court may by an order entered of record allow, wbicb may be extended by tbe court or judge in vacation for good cause shown, or witbin tbe time tbe parties to tbe suit in wbicb sucb bill of exceptions is proposed to be filed,' or their attorneys may thereafter in writing agree upon, wbicb said agreement shall be filed by tbe clerk in said- suit and copied into tbe transcript of record when sent to tbe Supreme Court or Court of Appeals: Provided, in all cases now and hereafter pending on appeal in tbe Supreme Court and in any of tbe Courts of Appeals, tbe bill of exceptions therein may be allowed by tbe trial court, or tbe judge thereof in vacation, and filed in sucb court, or with tbe clerk thereof in vacation, at any time before tbe appellant shall be required by tbe rules of sucb appellate courts respectively to serve bis abstract of tbe record, and for tbe purpose of determining whether sucb bill of exceptions shall have been filed witbin sucb time such appellate court shall make reference to its docket: Provided, that if for any reason tbe bill of exceptions cannot be allowed and filed witbin tbe time above provided, then tbe judge before whom sucb case was tried shall certify in writing sucb fact to tbe appellate court in wbicb tbe appeal is pending, and sucb appellate court shall reset or continue sucb case for a sufficient time witbin which to enable sucb bill of exceptions to be allowed and filed, and in that event tbe time witbin wbicb sucb bill of exceptions may be allowed and. filed shall be determined by tbe time witbin wbicb appellant’s abstract must be served after — 277 — such resetting or continuance. Hereafter no case now ■or hereafter pending in any appellate court shall he affirmed for failure to file a bill of exceptions within the time allowed by the trial court, but such case may be affirmed for failure to file a bill of exceptions within the time in this section provided, if error do not appear in the record of the case. All exceptions taken during the trial of a cause or issue before the same jury shall be embraced in the same bill of exceptions.” The defendant contends that this Act of 1911 does not apply to the case in hand. It further contends that if it should be construed to so apply, then it would be violative of constitutional provisions. We have therefore learned discussions upon the constitutionality of the act from different angles, or viewpoints. The question of the new statute being one of procedure and not one affecting substantial rights is likewise thoroughly and ably discussed, but to our mind all these questions may be more properly left to a ease where they become real and live issues. We do not believe that the statute was ever intended to apply to a case having the facts of the one before us. The record before us discloses that the plaintiff’s right to file a bill of exceptions had expired long before the Act of 1911 was ever contemplated. With her the right, under the law, was a dead issue. In our judgment the intent of the Act of 1911 was to protect parties having live and existing rights at the date of its enactment. Under the old law appeals were taken, and for sundry reasons bills of exceptions could not be filed in time. Extensions of time had to be procured, and these sundry extensions had to be made whilst the right to file a bill of exceptions yet existed. These matters were a tax upon busy lawyers, and the evident purpose of the act was to relieve them of the necessity of procuring further extensions of time to file their bills of exceptions in cases where they had a live and existing right to file them at the time the — 278 — new law went into effect. There was no legislative intent to revive for them a right dead and buried for two years or more, as in the ease at bar. To get at the meaning of the legislative act in question we must consider the previous law and the evils it was intended to meet. It is current history in this State, that in the busy city courts, numerous extensions of time for filing bills of exceptions had to be procured because court stenographers were unable to get out transcripts of the evidence. In some cases this court has confronted such situations. We have at- times met with cases where the trial courts “for good reasons shown” had extended the time of filing a bill of exceptions beyond the time when the abstract of record should be filed here. We likewise have encountered cases where some busy lawyer had overlooked procuring an extension of time to file a bill of exceptions during the period when he had a live right to file it. These things were the things in the legislative mind when the Act of 1911 was passed. So that we conclude that the act in question was only intended to apply to cases where there was a right existing to file a bill of exceptions at the time the act took effect. This Act of 1911 is composed of three separate parts, viz., (1) the re-enactment of old section 2029, Revised Statutes 1909; (2) a proviso which we will call proviso No. 1, and (3) a proviso which we will call proviso No. 2. If proviso No. 1 is considered alone it lends much aid to the contention made by the plaintiff, but we must consider proviso No. 2, as well as the original section which was re-enacted, and when the whole new section is thus considered we think it should be construed to apply only to cases where there was an existing right to file a bill of exceptions at the date the act took effect. But there is in proviso No. 2 a condition which precludes the bill of exceptions in this case from being considered, irrespective of the general construe — 279 — tion of the whole act above indicated. This condition is thus stated: ' “Hereafter no case now or hereafter pending in any appellate court shall be affirmed for failure to file a bill of exceptions within. the time allowed by the trial court, but such case may be affirmed for failure to file a bill of exceptions within the time in this section provided, if error do not appear in the record of the case. All exceptions taken during the trial of a cause or issue before the same jury shall be embraced in the same bill of exceptions.” Note the language. It refers to a “failure to file a bill of exceptions within the time allowed by the trial court.” The abstract before us shows no time given for the filing of a bill of exceptions by the trial court, and the proviso says nothing about a failure to file a bill of exceptions during the trial' term. So that the class of cases covered by proviso No. 2, is that of a failure to file a bill of exceptions during the time granted by the trial court. This case does not fall within the class. "We are referred to the recent case of O’Dowd v. Wabash Railroad, 166 Mo. App. 660, by the Kansas City Court of Appeals. It may be that language used in that case lends some support to the contention of plaintiff and if it does, it should be overruled. But what is there said should be read in the light of the facts of that case. The opinion (p. 664) thus states the facts: “The plaintiff has moved to strike defendant’s bill of exceptions from the record, because it was not allowed, signed and filed in the time fixed by the court. At the January term of the court for 1911,- and on the 28th day of March, appeal was allowed and defendant given until the 9th day of the following September to file its bill of exceptions. For good cause shown, defendant was allowed other extensions of time to file its bill of exceptions, the last extension being until the 15th day of January, 1912. The bill was signed, sealed, filed and made a part of the record — 280 — on the 24th day of February, 1912, more than one month after the time allowed for that purpose.” It will be noticed that there was an existing right to file a bill of exceptions at the time the Act of 1911 took effect. The right to file a bill of exceptions in that case ran to September 9, 1911, long after the act under review went into effect, and the ruling of the Kansas City Court of Appeals in result was right. III. With this construction of the Act of 1911, as we have indicated in our paragraph two, we can have before us here but the record proper in this case. The judgment is sustained by the pleadings and in such ease must be affirmed. Let the judgment be affirmed. All concur.