Stiefler v. Miller

Hastings, District Judge. This case arose out of a collision between a Chevrolet coach owned by plaintiff, appellee, driven by one Boyer, and an Oldsmobile coupé owned and driven by defendant, appellant. At the time of the collision the Chevrolet coach was occupied by plaintiff and four other persons, two in the front seat and three in the back. Occupying the seat of the Oldsmobile with defendant were three persons, one of whom was sitting upon the lap of another. The collision occurred on the 24th day of June, 1928, at about 7:30 p. m. on Pacific street, in Douglas county, a short distance north and west of where a private driveway leading from the Highland Country Club intersects said street. Both the plaintiff and defendant claim to have sustained injuries on account thereof. Plaintiff brought this action tó recover damages for personal injuries to herself and for damage to her automobile, alleging that the same were the result of the negligence of the defendant in the operation of his automobile. Defendant for his defense denied negligence on his part and pleaded contributory negligence, and, by a cross-action, sought to recover damages for injuries alleged to have been sustained by him in said collision. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff and judgment was entered thereon, from which defendant appeals. The case of Lewis v. Miller, 119 Neb. 765, arose out of the same collision and the evidence in the instant case is substantially the same as in that case. A further statement of the facts and circumstances surrounding the collision may be had by referring to that case. Eleven errors are assigned by defendant as grounds for reversal. The greater part of the errors assigned are disposed of adversely to the defendant in Lewis v. Miller, supra. The only assignments of error that need be considered relate to the giving of instructions Nos. 1, 4, and 13. The [8] question raised thereby is, that by such instructions there was submitted to the jury, without evidence to support it, the following act of alleged negligence: “That defendant drove his car at such time with his view obstructed and impaired by reason of the number of occupants in such car, and their position.” An examination of the instructions complained of discloses that instruction No. 1 is a general instruction setting forth, in substance, the six grounds of negligence alleged in the petition. Instruction No. 4 was to the effect that plaintiff could recover if she established, by a preponderance of the evidence, negligence on the part of the defendant in some one or more of the particulars alleged in plaintiff’s petition as the proximate cause of the injury and damage to the plaintiff, unless the jury found that she was guilty of such contributory negligence as would bar her right to recover. In instruction No. 18, the court told the jury, in part: “In determining what a reasonably prudent man using ordinary care would do under the circumstances, you are at liberty to consider, together with all other facts and circumstances, * * * the number of persons in the car of the defendant, and whether or not such fact obstructed his vision or movements.” By such instructions the court submitted to the jury, with other acts of alleged negligence, the act of negligence referred to. Counsel for defendant contend that such act of alleged negligence finds no support in the evidence, and that the submission of the same to the jury for their consideration was calculated to mislead the jury to the prejudice of the defendant. There is no evidence from which it might be inferred that defendant’s view was obstructed by reason of three persons occupying the seat with him, except when looking directly to the south, and the fact that defendant’s vision was obstructed by others in the car, when so looking, would not have prevented him from having seen the car of the plaintiff as it came from the private driveway into Pacific street. In the case of Lewis v. Miller, supra, we held that the [9] submission of this act of alleged negligence was not prejudicial error although it did not find support in the evidence, for the reason that it clearly appeared that the jury were not misled thereby to the prejudice of the defendant. That case is clearly distinguishable from this. In that case Lewis was a passenger in the car of the plaintiff in this case and had nothing to do with its operation or control, and there was no evidence showing that he was guilty of contributory negligence. The negligence' of the driver of plaintiff’s car in that case, under the circumstances disclosed by the evidence, could hot be imputed to him. In that case there was evidence sufficient to warrant the jury in finding that the other alleged negligent acts of the defendant, either alone or concurring with negligence of the driver of the car in which plaintiff was riding, was the proximate cause of the collision and the resultant injury to him. In this case a different situation is presented. Here the plaintiff was the owner of the car in which she was riding. Any act of negligence on the part of the driver of the car was her negligence, and if the driver of her car was guilty of negligence directly contributing to the injury complained of she could not recover, even though the defendant was negligent, unless her contributory negligence was slight and the negligence of the defendant gross in comparison therewith. We think the evidence in this case, as a whole, presented the question for the jury as to whether either the plaintiff or defendant, or both, was guilty of negligence. If the jury found both to be guilty of negligence, then it became their duty to compare the negligence of the. parties in determining, as between them, the degree of their negligence. The case was submitted to the jury upon this theory and no complaint on account thereof seems to be made by the parties. We have held that: “In stating the issues of fact in its charge to the jury, the court should submit to the jury only such issues as are presented by the pleadings and are in controversy, and which find some support in the evidence.” Koehn v. City of Hastings, 114 Neb. 106. [10] Also that: “The instructions of the court should direct the attention of the jury only to facts in support of which evidence has been introduced upon the trial. When an instruction is not founded upon the evidence, and is calculated to mislead the jury in considering the facts of the case, the judgment must be reversed.” Mannion v. Talboy, 76 Neb. 570; Trute v. Holden, 118 Neb. 449. See Spieler v. Lincoln Traction Co., 103 Neb. 339. In the instant case, the court having submitted an act of alleged negligence which finds no support in the evidence, the question presented1 is : Was the submission of such act of alleged negligence calculated to mislead the jury to the prejudice of the defendant? We think it was. In the part of instruction No. 13, heretofore quoted, that particular act of alleged negligence is emphasized and the jury given to understand that, if the number of persons in the car of defendant obstructed his vision or movements, they might take such fact into consideration in determining as to whether or not defendant was guilty of negligence in that regard. The defendant's view was obstructed if he looked directly south, but the fact that his vision was so obstructed could not operate as a cause of or contribute to the collision. The submission to the jury of this act of alleged negligence would tend to lead them to assume and believe there was evidence to warrant a finding thereon. The fact that there was sufficient evidence to warrant the jury in finding that defendant was guilty of the other acts of alleged negligence does not operate, in this case, to relieve the submission thereof of its prejudicial character. If the jury found that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence, then it became their duty to make a comparison of the negligence of the parties; and if they found that defendant was guilty of the act of alleged negligence, the submission of which is complained of, it might become an important factor with them in determining whether the negligence of the defendant was gross in comparison with that of the plaintiff. The submission of such issue was calculated to mislead the jury to the prejudice of the defendant. [11] The conclusion reached renders unnecessary the consideration of other alleged errors. For the reasons pointed out, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings. Reversed.