Westcott v. Sharp

The opinion of the court was delivered by Scudder, J. An attachment was issued out of the Circuit ■Court against the defendant as a non-resident debtor, at the suit of the plaintiff. The auditor appointed by the court .ascertained, by the testimony of witnesses examined before [393] him, the sum .due to the plaintiff, and to C. F. Mires, Jennie O. Dixon and Eliza Wilson, applying creditors, and made his report in writing. To this report exceptions were filed, which were heard by the court and overruled; the report was confirmed and judgment was ordered to be entered thereon. The objections to this judgment of the court are presented in behalf of Eliza Wilson, one of the applying creditors, and Emma E. Sharp, wife of the defendant, who claimed before the auditor, when he was examining the demands of the plaintiff and the applying creditors, that the debtor had a family residing in this state and they were entitled to his statutory exemption for their benefit. The auditor refused to act upon the claim of exemption while the examination was pending, or to include it in his report. The court sustained him in this refusal. Although the wife, as the head of the defendant’s family, may, in case of his absence, claim the exemption (Bonnel v. Dunn, 5 Dutcher 435), yet as the auditor, at that stage of the proceedings, was only ascertaining the claims of the plaintiff and other applying creditors to report on them, the exemption demanded by the wife of the defendant could not be considered or allowed. On behalf of Eliza Wilson, one of the applying creditors, several objections are made to the report and the judgment of the court thereon. First. That the affidavit on which the writ was issued is defective and the court without jurisdiction. The answer made by the court below to this was that the objector being an applying creditor and in the position of an actor or plaintiff in the cause,' could not make the objection. She submitted to the jurisdiction of the court by voluntarily making her claim under oath, by entering a rule in the minutes of the ■court admitting her as a creditor, and by presenting her demand to the auditor for adjudication. She cannot ask the benefit of the writ of attachment and attack its validity. But her counsel argues that the court and all parties to the proceedings are interested in having the action brought strictly within the statute, otherwise the judgment will be void and [394] no one can take any benefit by it. There is clearly a defect in the affidavit, for it is made against a non-resident debtor by the attorney of the plaintiff, when the statute says it must be made by the applicant for the attachment, or his agent if said applicant be absent. It is not said in the affidavit that the attorney is the applicant’s agent, or that she is absent. The former might be accepted as an equivalent, but the omission to state the absence of the applicant is material. It appears also, by the proofs taken before the auditor, that when the affidavit was made the plaintiff resided and was present in Camden. On motion to quash the writ this objection would be fatal; but without some direct proceedings to annul it, the cause may proceed to judgment, the result being that it will be voidable, but not absolutely void. This was the judgment of the court in Russel v. Work, 6 Vroom 316, where there was an affidavit made by an attorney for a resident plaintiff, so appearing on the paper, and it was said that the justice’s court, which is a court of record, acquired jurisdiction by the affidavit, so that its judgment, importing absolute verity, could not be assailed collaterally, but could only be vacated by direct proceedings. To the same effect is Mathews v. Dinsmore, 109 U. S. 216. This certiorari is a direct proceeding to review the judgment of the court below, but the proper party is not here to attack it on the ground of want of jurisdiction for the mistake made in the preliminary affidavit. An applying creditor cannot thus assail it, and the court, of its own motion, will not assume such control to defeat the judgment. Second. The objection that the plaintiff failed to make sufficient proof of her demand before the auditor has been passed on by the Circuit Court, on an exception taken to the report, and its judgment will not be reversed on the facts, where there is any legal evidence to sustain it. Greenway v. Mead, 2 Dutcher 303; Tewksbury v. Branchburg, 15 Vroom 505. There is such evidence in this case. Third. Another reason urged for reversal is that the claim of the prosecutrix, Eliza Wilson, for $900 was not allowed, [395] but a smaller sum, $9.60, was given to her in the report and judgment. This demand was made against the defendant because, as she testified, he had altered and raised a borrowed bank check, given by her to him, from $9.60 to $900, and had drawn that amount on it from her funds in the bank.. The auditor allowed the $9.60, the true amount of the check representing the loan made to him, as an indebtedness, but disallowed the balance because it was not a debt or sum due on contract, express or implied, and could not be made a claim under attachment. It is urged by the prosecutrix’s counsel, as it was also insisted before the auditor and the court below, that she had the option to waive the tort and sue for the amount fraudulently taken from the bank by forgery,, as money had and received for her use. The general principle of the right to waive the tort and bring an action for money had and received, where the defendant has obtained the plaintiff’s money by fraud or false color of pretence, is settled. 2 Qreenl. JEv., § 120. But it must be the plaintiff’s money which was taken by fraud, and there must be privity of contract, express or implied, otherwise the action cannot be-sustained. Nolan v. Manton, 17 Vroom 231; Moore v. Moore, 127 Mass. 21. This- privity may be implied from the fraudulent appropriation of another’s money. In Sergeant v. Stryker, 1 Harr. 464, after a careful examination, it was said that all the cases relied on for a recovery in an-action for money had and received, are such as go upon the-plaintiff’s title to the specific fund; or where the third person, having lawfully paid over the money, the plaintiff had no remedy against him. There was in the present case no-specific fund in the bank belonging to the prosecutrix which, was drawn out, wholly or in part, by the check used by the-defendant. All money placed in bank by general deposit and credited to the several depositors, becomes part of thégeneral fund of the bank, and the depositors are credited to-the amount of their several deposits, without the right to any specific money. Morse on Banking 26. If a check be drawn against the deposit, the money is paid, in the usual course of [396] business, from the general fund of the bank and charged or offset in the depositor’s account. If the check is forged by alteration and changed amount, as is claimed in this case, without the fault of the depositor, there is no legal right to charge or offset it in her account, and her deposit is unaffected by it. The bank having by mistake paid the money, the depositor has her remedy against it, and the fraud doer is liable to the bank. The depositor cannot sue both, or either, at her ■election. The law will not imply the promise to pay where her money has not been paid and there is no privity of contract. There was no error in the refusal of the auditor to allow the claim of the prosecutrix for the whole amount asked by her. The judgment of the Circuit Court will be affirmed, ■with costs.