Lane & Co. v. Watson

The opinion of the court was delivered by Beasley, Chief Justice. This was a New York transaction, and it was admitted that the law of that state was-applicable to the affair. It was- shown at the trial, and, indeed, was not disputed, that the money for which the note in question was given was. loaned at a rate of interest more than six per cent., and the defendants contended that by a statute of New York such a contract was absolutely void. But the existence of an act of this character, and which was applicable to this case, was not shown at the trial. There was no evidence offered on the subject, and it was a mistake to suppose that the pleadings admitted a law to have been in force at the time this contract was entered into. The plea did nothing more than to allege that by a certain statute of the State of New York all loans on which should be reserved more interest than six per cent, per annum should be void, but it did not give the date of such enactment, nor was it averred that it existed when the agreement on which the defence relied was made. The replication did not, therefore, admit by its silence on the subject anything more than the-fact that such a law had been enacted; it did not admit its-applicability to the ease. From this obvious defect no legal defence to the action was. exhibited at the trial. But, independently of this defect in the proofs, we likewise are of opinion that the defence was not established. That defence was the subsistence of usury in the contract which, it was insisted, vitiated such contract by force of the New York statute. In reply to this contention, the plaintiff pleaded and offered in evidence another statute of that state, passed April 6th, 1850, containing a provision in these words, [188] viz.: “ No corporation shall hereafter interpose the defence of usury in any action.” This act, it is conceded, would debar the Bleaching Company, the corporate maker of this note, from setting up the defence thus inhibited; but it is insisted that such legal bar does not preclude endorsers who are not corporations. ' The question thus started relates wholly to the proper interpretation of the statute just quoted; and the subject is fully discussed in the brief of the counsel of the defence, founding their arguments on the language and purpose of the act. We are, however, of opinion that this matter is not open to discussion before our legal tribunals, inasmuch as the question has been concluded by judicial decisions in the court of last resort in the State of New York. With respect to what is the law within that commonwealth, those adjudications are everywhere of absolute prevalence. In Green v. Neal’s Lessee, 6 Pet. 298, it is said by McLean, J.: “ The decision of this question by the highest judicial tribunal of a state should be considered as final by this court, not because the state tribunal, in such a case has any power to bind this court; but because, in the language of the court in Shelby v. Guy, 11 Wheat. 361, * a fixed and received construction by a state, in its own courts, makes a part of the statute law/ ” The leading adjudication in the Court of Appeals in New York relative to the construction and force of the statute in question is that of Rosa v. Butterfield, 33 N. Y. 665, in which it was declared that it operated to make lawful the contract of a corporation for the loan of money to itself which would otherwise be usurious. This being so, it was consistently decided, applying the principle to the facts before the court, that the railroad company having given its promissory note for the payment of a specified sum, with twelve per cent, interest, jjayable semi-annually, neither the corporate body nor its sureties upon the note could interpose the defence of usury. The same court subsequently declared that this decision settled the law upon the subject. Stewart v. Bramwell, 74 N. Y. 85. In our own state in this court, the decision in New York [189] first above cited is treated as a final determination of this question. Freese v. Brownell et al., 6 Vroom 285. Let the rule for a new trial be made absolute.