Hughes v. Camden & Suburban Railway Co.

The opinion of the court was delivered by Magie, Chancellor. The judgment brought under review by this writ of error ^as founded on a compulsory non-suit directed by the trial judge at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s case. The action was in tort and was brought to recover damages claimed to have been received by the plaintiff by a collision between a trolley car of defendant, managed by its servants, and a wagcn which plaintiff was driving upon the public-highway. The bill of exceptions shows that after plaintiff had rested [204] 'his case, defendant’s counsel moved to nonsuit, upon the ground that the evidence did not justify a verdict for plaintiff, either because it ’failed to establish any breach of duty owed plaintiff by defendant, or because it established negligence of the plaintiff contributing to his injury. The trial judge granted the motion and directed the nonsuit solely on the ground that the negligence of plaintiff’s servants was not made out by the evidence so as to support a verdict for the plaintiff. If, upon evidence which the jury might credit, and inferences reasonably to be drawn therefrom, such negligence was established, the ruling complained of was erroneous. From, the evidence in the bill of exceptions, the following facts might be found to be proved. Plaintiff was driving his wagon at night, with one horse, from Camden towards Haddonffeld, upon a public highway, along which the two tracks .of defendant’s railway rah. He was driving on the right-hand track, upon which the outbound cars ran. An outbound ■ear came up behind plaintiff’s wagon, and its presence was made known to him by the ringing of its bell. As plaintiff was proceeding at a walk, he rightly turned from the right-hand track. He was bound to give the car approaching from ■behind a reasonable opportunity to pass upon the track from which it could not deviate. North Hudson County Railway Co. v. Isley, 20 Vroom 468; Consolidated Traction Co. v. Haight, 30 Id. 577; Buttelli v. Electric Railway Co., Id. 303. On the right side of that track was a narrow driveway, ¡affording barely enough space for a wagon to pass a car between it and a roadside ditch about four feet deep. Plaintiff, deeming, as he testified, that it was perilous to turn out to the right in the darkness, turned *to the left, and drove upon the inbound track. He proceeded upon' it until after the car -upon the other track had passed him. After going some sixty feet, plaintiff’s wagon was struck by an inbound ear of defendant, which came from around a curve on the right, over -four hundred feet distant. The left forewheel of the wagon was demolished, the wagon overturned, the horse thrown «down so that his head lay in the opposite direction from that [205] in which he had been going, and plaintiff was thrown out and received serious injury. Erom these facts a reasonable inference can be drawn that plaintiff was turning his wagon from the left-hand track to-resume his position on the right-hand track, either because of an intention to proceed upon the track as he had been doing" when required to'leave it to permit the passage of the outbound car, or because he perceived the coming car on the inbound track, which was lighted, and had a headlight burning. It might also be reasonably inferred that the car which collided with plaintiff's wagon with such force and effect was-traveling at' such speed that it could not be stopped after its-headlight revealed plaintiff’s wagon, or that its speed was not-diminished when the wagon was perceived. Upon these facts and the inferences a jury might reasonably draw therefrom, I entertain no doubt that there was a case for the jury, for they would have been justified in finding" negligence in the motórman, either in driving his car at a speed dangerous to other travelers on the highway, or because,, if the speed was not excessive under ordinary circumstances, it was yet so great as not to permit him to arrest the car after he perceived, or should have perceived, plaintiff’s wagon, or" he did not attempt to do so. The direction of the nonsuit cannot be sustained on this1 ground. But this conclusion does not dispose of the case, for,, although the trial judge declared that he could not say that plaintiff was shown to be guilty of negligence contributing to-his injury, and refused the motion to nonsuit on that ground, if the bill of exception discloses that he erred in this respect, and" that as matter cf law, the plaintiff, on the evidence, was guilty of contributory negligence,, the judgment ought not to-be reversed. An examination of the evidence puts it beyond doubt that the nonsuit should not have been granted on that ground. When plaintiff was required to remove from the right-hand' track to permit the passage of the car from behind, he was-bound to exercise a reasonable judgment as to how he could1 [206] do so in safety. If it was perilous to go to the right, and reasonable prudence required, he could go to the left, notwithstanding the inbound track of the defendant was there maintained. Consolidated Traction Co. v. Reeves, 29 Vroom 573. For reasons of safety, a traveler may use any part of a 'highway, having due regard to the rights of others, and taking such care as prudence would require him to take in the position he assumes. If he thus uses a highway, he may assume that others using it, including trolley car companies, will use it with a due regard to his rights. Upon the evidence, it ■was for a jury to say whether there was danger in turning to the right, such as a traveler in the exercise of reasonable jprudenee would avoid, and whether, after he reached the left-hand track he took reasonable care to observe and give place to a car approaching upon that track. All these were questions to have been decided against him before plaintiff could ’have been pronounced negligent. The result is that the case should have gone to the jury, ,and the judgment must be reversed. For affirmance—None. For reversal—The Chancellor, Chiee Justice, Van -Syckel, Dixon, Collins, Fort, Garretson, Bogert, Hendrickson, Adams, Vredenburgh, Voorhees. 12.