Condict v. Ramsey

The opinion of the court was delivered by Collins, J. The defendants challenge the prosecutor’s right to a writ. They urge that as there can be no assessment of benefits against him he is not injuriously affected by the attempted vacation. The test of the right to be heard in a ease of this kind is special interest, not injury; but the present prosecutor has both interest and injury. If the proceedings should stand, his land would be wholly deprived of the highway, while as a taxpayer he would be forced to help maintain [505] it in part. His standing for a writ is undeniable. Of the objections presented by him two only need be considered. First. It is objected that it was not legal for five freeholders to make the certificate that six were appointed to make. The law requires the appointment of six, but provides that a majority may certify. Undoubtedly the surveyors or reviewing freeholders must all be given an opportunity to act, but if a minority, for any reason, do not attend the meeting or take part in the deliberation, the others may proceed in their absence. State v. Van Geison, 3 Gr. 339 ; Field v. Field, 9 Vroom 290, 296; Stokes v. Parker, 24 Id. 183. Second. It is objected that it was not lawful for the surveyors to return or for the freeholders to confirm a vacation less extensive than that applied for. This objection must prevail. Vacation rests on the same power and procedure as the laying out of roads, and it has been often adjudged by this court that the application is controlling in this regard. A material variance from the application will vitiate the return. State v. French, 4 Zab. 736; Powell v. Hitchner, 3 Vroom 211; Freeman v. Price, 34 Id. 151. The surveyors can no more vacate part of the road of which complete vacation is sought than they can lay out a road differing materially from the application upon which they act. The application to vacate may be limited to a part of a road (Newell v. Bassett, 4 Id. 26), but the vacation cannot lawfully be less extensive than the application. One phrase in the statute would seem to imply that the reviewing freeholders may approve a part only of the road to be laid or vacated, but it is settled that the surveyors have no such discretion. The defendants rely on the injunction of the statute that the “certificate of the freeholders shall be binding and conclusive in all cases, and shall not be subject to an appeal or certiorari, ot to be set aside for lack of form,” but it was long ago adjudged that defects of substance are not thereby shielded, and although the proceedings of the freeholders may not be directly reached by certiorari, such is not the case as to the order of the Court of Common Pleas based upon them. [506] State v. Conover, 2 Halst. 203; State v. Vandervere, 1 Dutcher 233. Where the point of attack is the .return of the surveyors, the writ is not in any way hampered. True, the statute enacts that the return shall not be set aside for illegality, but that means for formal defects only. Substantial illegality will' avoid it. State v. Conover, ubi supra; State, Atkinson, pros., v. Bishop, 10 Vroom 226, 231. The return may be set aside under certiorari bringing up the final order, although no motion to set it aside has been made in the pleas, and notwithstanding a certificate of chosen freeholders appointed on application under caveat to review it. State v. Vandervere, ubi supra; Powell v. Hitchner, 3 Vroom 211, 215; Walker v. Winkler, 31 Id. 105. The certificate of the freeholders cannot legalize an invalid return of the surveyors. The order to record the return in this case cannot stand, and, with the return itself and all subsequent proceedings, will be set aside; but inasmuch as the prosecutor made no motion for this relief in the Court of Common Pleas, we will, on the authority of the case of Mount Olive v. Hunt, 22 Vroom 274, deny him costs in this court.