Blauvelt v. Erie Railroad

The opinion of the court was delivered by Yoobhees, J. This writ of certiorari has removed for review a judgment entered for the .plaintiff on the verdict of a jury, in the Court of Common Pleas, on appeal from the Small Cause Court. The litigation was brought to recover damages for injuries to property received at a grade railway crossing. The alleged negligence of the defendant was the failure to give the statutory signals by bell or whistle. The statutory requirements (Pamph. L. 1903, p. 663) are in the alternative, either that the hell shall he rung or the whistle blown, not cumulative requiring both to he done. New York, &c., Railroad Co. v. Leaman, 25 Vroom 202. If, therefore, the plaintiff failed to prove that both signals were omitted, he has failed in his proof. The proof that the [143] crossing signal by whistle was given was the subject of the positive testimony of both engineer and fireman. The plaintiff’s evidence is, “I did not hear any bell or whistle. There was a very strong wind that morning from the west, that blew the sound away from me.” And, on cross-examination, he repeated: “Yes there was a strong wind blowing.” "Q. So that would confuse any sound? 'A. Yes, you could not hear any sound scarcely.” This constitutes the whole testimony concerning the giving the statutory signals by whistle. The plaintiff’s testimony in rebuttal infers alone to the warning whistle just before the collision, not to that proscribed by statute. Undoubtedly, the condition of the wind described by the plaintiff-made it unlikely that he could have heard the whistle had it blown. There was, therefore, no conflict of evidence requiring the submission of that fact to the jury. Eissing v. Erie, 44 Vroom 343; Holmes v. Pennsylvania Railroad, 45 Id. 469; Weiss v. Central Railroad, 47 Id. 348; Howe v. Northern Railroad, 49 Id. 683. The motion to direct a verdict for the defendant should have prevailed on this ground. But assuming that the defendant’s negligence in the failure to give the statutory signals by bell or whistle was sufficiently made out to carry the case to the jury, yet we think the proof clearly exhibits the concurring negligence of the plaintiff but for which the accident would not have occurred. The plaintiff approached the crossing with the nature and surroundings of which he was familiar, in the daylight, driving a horse and buggy, in which he rode, with its top up and side curtains down. The horse was going at a slow walk of three miles per hour. While sitting in the buggy he was unable to see on either side much more than ten or fifteen feet of the track. In order to see out at Hie side he had to lean forward. When he came to a point, which he places at twenty or thirty feet from the track, he g’ot up off the seat and looked around the top and did not see any train, and then went on. He did not get off his seat again, but just looked around the top. There was a strong wind which blew tbe sound [144] away from him. When he 'arose and looked he could not see further than the freight house about two hundred or three hundred feet up the track. Unless he raised from his seat and leaned forward, he could see but a little ways—“about ten or fifteen feet maybe.” He did that but once, and did not look again, but “kept his eye that way,” but could see only about ten or twelve feet. The plaintiff stated that he was “very famililar with the location of all trees, buildings and anything that might tend to obstruct the view of the track in approaching the crossing.” It was admitted that a clear view of two thousand feet was obtainable at points in the highway, distant one hundred, seventy-five and fifty feet from the crossing; at forty feet from the crossing the view is limited to two hundred feet, but again at twenty feet and thence io the tracks the view is unobstructed for two thousand feet. With the familiarity possessed by the plaintiff of the surroundings, it is apparent that by looking only at a point where he had but a three hundred feet of view, and failing to look before reaching that point, or after passing it, where he might have obtained a two thousand feet of view, he did not exercise that care which devolves upon a prudent man in approaching a dangerous place. After he had made an observation and found his vision obstructed, it became his duty to be cautious. Central Railroad v. Smalley, 32 Vroom 277, 279. His driving upon the track at a slow walk without thereafter attempting further to look effectively with knowledge that a clear view might have been thereafter obtained, while yet in a place of safety, condemns him as contributing to the accident. The judgment will be reversed that a venire de novo may be awarded.