Wilkinson v. Delaware, L. & W. R.

Nixon, J. Two reasons are assigned why this canse should be remanded to the state court: (1) Because the defendant corporation, although chartered by the state'of Pennsylvania, has become a citizen of New Jersey, as lessee of the Morris & Essex Railroad Company, and by the legislature of the state of New Jersey validating and confirming the said lease; (2) because the petition for removal was filed too late. 1. The Morris & Essex Railroad Company, a corporation of the state of New Jersey, on the tenth of December, 1868, made and executed to the defendant corporation of the state of Pennsylvania a lease of its railroad, road-bed, and franchises, and all its property of whatever kind, to be held by the last-named company for and during the continuance of the charter of the first-named company, or any renewal of the same, upon its assuming the debts of the lessor and paying an annual dividend of 7 per cent, to the holder of its outstanding capital stock. The legislature of Now Jersey, on the ninth day of February following, passed an act confirming the lease, and all the provisions, contracts, and conditions contained therein, and authorizing the defendant corporation to hold, use, occupy, and enjoy all said property, franchises, and powers granted and demised to them, and to operate the railroad and its branches in the way and upon the condition, in all respects, and not otherwise, as authorized by the act of incorporation of the said lessor company. When this lease was made there was no law in New Jersey which authorized the railroad companies of the state to lease their property and franchises to foreign corporations, and the act above referred to was passed to enable the Delaware, lackawanna & Western Company to exercise its franchise, and transact its business, inside of the state of New Jersey under the powers and privileges conferred upon the Morris & Essex Railroad Company. It was simply an enabling act, and contained no provision [354] which in any sense constituted the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company a New Jersey corporation. The case of Railroad Co. v. Harris, 12 Wall. 65, was largely relied on by the learned counsel for the plaintiff in support of the view that the defendant corporation became a citizen of New Jersey by the lease, and by the legislation consequent upon it. In our judgment, that case, properly interpreted, holds just the contrary. It was there contended that, although the original charter of the Baltimore & Ohio Company was granted by the state of Maryland, the subsequent legislation on the part of congress authorizing an extension into the District of Columbia, and by the state of Virginia, conferring power to run and operate their road through that state, in fact created new corporations existing in the District and in Virginia. But the supreme court said that this was not the correct view; that in the legislation both of congress and of Virginia the original Maryland act was referred to, but neither expressly nor by implication was a new corporation created. “The company was chartered,” says Mr. Justice Wayne, speaking for the whole court, “to construct a road in Virginia as well as in Maryland. The latter could not be done without the consent of Virginia. That consent was given upon the terms which she thought proper to prescribe. With a few exceptions, not material to the question before us, they were the same as to powers, privileges, obligations, restrictions, and liabilities as those contained in the original charter. The permission was broad and comprehensive in its scope, but it was a license, and nothing more. It was given to the Maryland corporation as such, and that body was the same in all its elements and in its identity afterwards as before. * . * * For purposes of federal jurisdiction, a corporation is regarded as if it were a citizen of the state where it is created, and no averment or proof as to the citizenship of its members elsewhere will be permitted.” See, also, Railway Co., v. Whitton, 13 Wall. 284, and Railroad Co. v. Koontz, 104 U. S. 5, to the same effect. If further authority upon this point is needed, the case of William v. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. Co. 3 Dill. 267, maybe referred to. There the defendant corporation was sued in the state court by a citizen of Missouri to recover damages for being forcibly ejected from a train of the company in that state. The case was removed into the United States circuit court for the Western district of Missouri. On a motion to remand it was insisted that the corporation, although originally chartered by the legislature of Kansas, had become a domestic corporation of Missouri by virtue of leasing, purchasing, and operating roads in that state under certain enabling acts of the legislature. The court refused the motion to remand, regarding such legislation as not creating new corporations, but simply authorizing foreign corporations to hold and operate roads outside the limits of their charter. See Callahan v. Louisville & N. R. Co. 11 Fed. Rep. 537. 2. With regard to the second point, the record shows that by the [355] pleadings the case was brought to an issue July 12, 1884, in the circuit court of the county of Hudson. The third section of the removal act of March 3, 1875, requires, in order to remove a suit from the state to the federal court, that the petition for removal be filed in the state court before or at the term at which the cause could be first tried, and before the trial thereof. Numerous decisions have been found to the effect that the clause “before or at the term at which the cause could be first tried,” means at the term when, by the usual, orderly course of practice, under the rules of the court, the case could be set down for trial, if an action at law, or for final hearing, if an equity case. Wanner v. Sisson, 28 N. J. Eq. 117; Scott v. Clinton & S. R. Co. 6 Biss. 529; Meyer v. Norton, 9 Fed. Rep. 433; Wheeler v. Ins. Co. 12 Reporter, 563; Aldrich v. Crouch, 10 Fed. Rep. 305. Tho practice act of New Jersey, § 167, enacts that every cause shall be tried at the next term after issue joined. In this case, the next term after issue joined was the September term of the Hudson county circuit. It is true that the April term was still open, and that section 168 of the practice act authorizes notice of trial to be given for a day in term if the canso is not at issue in season to be noticed for the first day of the term; but that is not tho ordinary or orderly method of procedure. It only makes provision for a special case, which the parties are not obliged to avail themselves of. The cause was sot down for trial at the next term after issue joined, to-wit, the September term, according to the requirements of the law and the rules of court. At the opening of the term, tho court, according to custom, assigned a day certain for the trial, to-wit, October 1, 1884, and before the arrival of that day tho parties agreed to a continuance to the sixteenth of October to suit their personal convenience. On the fifteenth of October, and without the interference of tho parties, the judge of the court announced that he would not he able to hear any more jury casos at the pending term, and, in consequence of this, the cause stood over until the next term of the court. On the following day, and while the term of the comí was still running, the petition for removal was filed, and the removal effected. We think that the act under consideration gave to the petitioner until the end of the September term, and before the trial, to remove the cause, and that tho defendant corporation made application in time. The motion to remand must he denied.