China Processed Food Import & Export Co. v. United States

OPINION WALLACH, Judge. I INTRODUCTION Plaintiff China Processed Food Import & Export Company (“COFCO”) appears before the court on a motion for judgment upon the agency record pursuant to US-CIT Rule 56.2, challenging determinations of the United States Department of Commerce (“Commerce” or “Department”) in Certain Preserved Mushrooms From the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 72 Fed.Reg. 44,827 (August 9, 2007), Plaintiffs Appendix, Tab 1, Public Record (“P.R.”) 162 (“Final Results ”). This court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). Because the challenged determinations are supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with law, they are sustained and judgment is entered for the Defendant United States. II BACKGROUND In April 2006, Commerce initiated the seventh administrative review of the anti-dumping order on certain preserved mushrooms from the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Deferral of Administrative Reviews, 71 Fed.Reg. 17,077,17,077-78 (April 5, 2006). The period of review (“POR”) was February 1, 2005 through January 31, 2006. Id. at 17,078. COFCO is an exporter of preserved mushrooms from the PRC subject to the administrative review. Id. During the POR, a portion of the merchandise that COFCO exported was produced and supplied by Fujian Yu Xing Fruit & Vegetable Foodstuff Development Co. (“Yu Xing”) using glass jars and caps that were provided free of charge by COFCO’s U.S. customers. Certain Preserved Mushrooms From the People’s Republic of China: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 71 Fed.Reg. 64,930, 64,936-37 (November 6, 2006), Plaintiffs Appendix, Tab 2, P.R. 138 (“Preliminary Results ”). Commerce considered the PRC a non-market economy (“NME”) for purposes of the underlying review and selected India as a comparable market economy country from which to calculate normal value for the subject merchandise. 1 Preliminary *1341 Results, 71 Fed.Reg. at 64,936. Among its preliminary determinations, Commerce valued the Yu Xing glass jars using the February 2005 to January 2006 Indian import data for glass jars from the World Trade Atlas (“WTA”). Id. at 64,936-37; Memorandum from David M. Spooner, Assistant Secretary for Import Administration, to Stephen J. Claeys, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Import Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Re: Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Results of the 2005-2006 Administrative Review of Certain Preserved Mushrooms from the People’s Republic of China (August 3, 2007), Plaintiffs Appendix, Tab 8, P.R. 157 (“Final Decision Memo ”) cmt. 2, at 8. Commerce relied on data classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of India (“HTS-I”) in its surrogate glass jar valuation. Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 8. Commerce preliminarily used financial information from Indian producers including Agro Dutch Industries Limited (“Agro Dutch”) to derive overhead and profit ratios for purposes of calculating normal value. Preliminary Results, 71 Fed.Reg. at 64,937. For the overhead ratio, Commerce included the “material handling charges” (“MHC”) line item in Agro Dutch’s financial statement in the overhead expense calculation. Final Decision Memo cmt. 6, at 14-15. This resulted in “a comparatively higher overhead ratio” than if Commerce had treated MHC as material acquisition costs. Defendant’s Opposition to Plaintiffs Rule 56.2 Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record at 20. Additionally, in its calculation of normal value, Commerce preliminarily included the value of the glass jars and caps that were provided free of charge to Yu Xing by COFCO’s U.S. customers. Preliminary Results, 71 Fed.Reg. at 64,936; Final Decision Memo cmt. 7, at 16. COFCO challenged numerous aspects of the Preliminary Results. See COFCO Case Brief, Case No. A-570-851, U.S. Department of Commerce, Import Administration (March 13, 2007), Plaintiffs Appendix, Tab 10, P.R. 153 (“COFCO Administrative Case Brief’). Commerce made certain changes in response to COFCO’s concerns. See Final Results, 72 Fed.Reg. at 44,828-29. However, the August 2007 Final Results retained the following preliminary designations: (1) glass jar valuation based on WTA data, (2) treatment of MHC in the Agro Dutch overhead ratio, and (3) normal value that was increased to account for free inputs. Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 10-11; cmt. 6, at 15-16; cmt. 7, at 17. Dissatisfied with these three aspects of the Final Results, COFCO timely initiated the present challenge. Ill STANDARD OF REVIEW This court will uphold an administrative antidumping determination unless it is “unsupported by substantial evidence on the record, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” SKF USA, Inc. v. INA Walzlager Schaeffler KG, 180 F.3d 1370, 1374 (Fed.Cir.1999) (quoting 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(l)(B)(i)). “Substantial evidence is more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Aimcor, Ala. Silicon, Inc. v. United States, 154 F.3d 1375, 1378 (Fed.Cir.1998) (quoting Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. United States, 750 F.2d 927, 933 *1342 (Fed.Cir.1984)). “[T]he possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent an administrative agency’s finding from being supported by substantial evidence.” Consolo v. Fed. Mar. Comm’n, 383 U.S. 607, 620, 86 S.Ct. 1018, 16 L.Ed.2d 131 (1966). In determining the existence of substantial evidence, a reviewing court must consider “the record as a whole, including evidence that supports as well as evidence that ‘fairly detracts from the substantiality of the evidence.’ ” Huaiyin Foreign Trade Corp. (30) v. United States, 322 F.3d 1369, 1374 (Fed.Cir.2003) (quoting Atl. Sugar, Ltd. v. United States, 744 F.2d 1556, 1562 (Fed.Cir.1984)). While the court must consider contradictory evidence, “the substantial evidence test does not require that there be an absence of evidence detracting from the agency’s conclusion, nor is there an absence of substantial evidence simply because the reviewing court would have reached a different conclusion based on the same record.” Cleo Inc. v. United States, 501 F.3d 1291, 1296 (Fed.Cir.2007) (citing Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474, 487-88, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951)). When evaluating Commerce’s statutory interpretation the court uses a two step analysis, first examining whether Congress has “directly spoken to the precise question at issue.” Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 842, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). If this is the case, courts then must “give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress.” Id. at 842-43, 104 S.Ct. 2778; see Household Credit Servs. v. Pfennig, 541 U.S. 232, 239, 124 S.Ct. 1741, 158 L.Ed.2d 450 (2004). If instead Congress has left a “gap” for Commerce to fill, the agency’s regulation is “given controlling weight unless [it is] arbitrary, capricious, or manifestly contrary to the statute.” Chevron, 467 U.S. at 843-44, 104 S.Ct. 2778. In matters of statutory construction this court will show “great deference to the interpretation given the statute by the officers or agency charged with its administration.” Udall v. Tollman, 380 U.S. 1, 16, 85 S.Ct. 792, 13 L.Ed.2d 616 (1965). The agency’s construction need not be the only reasonable one or even the same result this court would have reached had the question arisen in the first instance in a judicial proceeding. Id. (citing Unemployment Comp. Comm’n of Alaska v. Aragon, 329 U.S. 143, 153, 67 S.Ct. 245, 91 L.Ed. 136 (1946)). It is not the court’s duty to “weigh the wisdom of, or to resolve any struggle between, competing views of the policy interest, but rather to respect legitimate policy choices made by the agency in interpreting and applying the statute.” Suramerica de Aleaciones Laminadas, C.A. v. United States, 966 F.2d 660, 665 (Fed.Cir.1992). IV DISCUSSION COFCO challenges three aspects of the Final Results as unsupported by substantial evidence. Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of COFCO’s Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record (“Plaintiffs Motion”) at 1-2. First, COF-CO claims the glass jars used by Yu Xing should have been valued using an available domestic Indian source as opposed to what it characterizes as “overinclusive” Indian import data. Id. at 1, 9. Second, COFCO challenges Commerce’s use of MHC in the Agro Dutch overhead ratio. Id. at 1, 18. Third, COFCO claims that Commerce improperly increased normal value to account for the glass jars and caps provided free of charge without evidence that COFCO profited from those free inputs. Id. at 1-2, 20. *1343 As set forth in turn below after a statutory overview, each of these challenged Commerce determinations is supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with law. A Statutory Overview In an antidumping proceeding, Commerce must make “a fair comparison ... between the export price or constructed export price and normal value.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(a). In the NME context, Commerce calculates the normal value of foreign merchandise considering the value of each input used to produce the subject merchandise subject to certain adjustments. Id. § 1677b(c)(l). In relevant part, the statute provides that Commerce shall determine the normal value of the subject merchandise on the basis of the value of the factors of production utilized in producing the merchandise and to which shall be added an amount for general expenses and profit plus the cost of containers, coverings, and other expenses .... [T]he valuation of the factors of production shall be based on the best available information regarding the values of such factors in a market economy country or countries considered to be appropriate by [Commerce]. / Id. “[T]he process of constructing foreign market value for a producer in a[n] [NME] country is difficult and necessarily imprecise.” Sigma Corp. v. United States, 117 F.3d 1401, 1408 (Fed.Cir.1997). The statute “accords Commerce wide discretion in the valuation of factors of production.” Nation Ford Chem. Co. v. United States, 166 F.3d 1373, 1377 (Fed.Cir.1999). “However, Commerce’s discretion in calculating surrogate prices is not limitless.” Yantai Oriental Juice Co. v. United States, 26 CIT 605, 608-09 (2008) (citations omitted). This court has described Commerce’s discretion to calculate normal value for merchandise from an NME country as follows: Despite the broad latitude afforded Commerce and its substantial discretion in choosing the information it relies upon, the agency must act in a manner consistent with the underlying objective of 19 U.S.C. 1677b(c) — to obtain the most accurate dumping margin possible. This objective is achieved only when Commerce’s choice of what constitutes the best available information evidences a rational and reasonable relationship to the factor of production it represents .... Since the statute does not specify what constitutes the best available information, these decisions are within Commerce’s discretion. Accordingly, Commerce need not prove that its methodology was the only way or even best way to calculate surrogate values for factors of production as long as it was reasonable. When Commerce’s method is challenged, the Court’s proper role is to determine whether the methodology is in accordance with law and supported by substantial evidence. Assuming both criteria are satisfied, the Court will not impose its own views as to the sufficiency of the agency’s investigation or question the agency’s methodology. Shandong Huarong Gen. Corp. v. United States, 25 CIT 834, 838, 840, 159 F.Supp.2d 714 (2001) (citation omitted). B Commerce Properly Used WTA Import Data To Calculate Surrogate Value For The Glass Jars Throughout the administrative process, COFCO asserted that Commerce should not use what it described as “over-inclusive, unreliable, and unrepresentative” *1344 WTA import data for India to calculate surrogate value for the glass jars. Plaintiffs Motion at 10. HTS-I 7010, the category used by Commerce in deriving glass jar value from the WTA import data, is titled: “Carboys, Bottles, Flasks, Jars, Pots, Phials, Ampoules and Other Containers, of Glass, of a Kind Used for the Conveyance or Packing of Goods; Preserving Jars of Glass; Stoppers, Lids and Other Closures, of Glass.” COFCO’s Publicly Available Information Submission (March 30, 2007), Plaintiffs Appendix, Tab 4, P.R. 151 Ex. 11, Customs Tariff 2006-07, Import Tariff and Chapter-wise Exemption Notifications, Chapter 70, at 1052. The specific subcategory used by Commerce, HTS-I 7010.90.00, is titled: “Other.” Id.; Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 8, 10. COFCO relied upon this nomenclature to support its position that Commerce employed a “ ‘catch-all’ category” that is “overly broad, making the WTA data unreliable for surrogate value usage ... because the glass jars used by Yu Xing are only ordinary glass jars.” COFCO Administrative Case Brief at 14. COFCO provided Commerce with Indian import information from the subscription service Infodrive India. Plaintiffs Motion at 13. COFCO cites to precedent of this court endorsing the use of Infodrive India information in . determining surrogate values for merchandise from the PRC. Id. at 14 (citing Dorbest Ltd. v. United States, 462 F.Supp.2d 1262, 1284-86 (CIT 2006)). 2 According to COFCO, here “the Infodrive India data provides ... specific evidence that the average Indian import price derived from HTS-I category 7010.90 is based on an overly broad array of glass items that are not comparable in any way to the glass jars used by Yu Xing.” Id. at 16 (emphasis omitted). COFCO claims that “Commerce ignored the data” and this “failure to consider the Infodrive India import data exposes the illegitimacy of Commerce’s surrogate glass value.” Id. at 13. Commerce specifically addressed COF-CO’s argument based on the Infodrive India data prior to formalizing the use of WTA data to calculate surrogate value for the glass jars. See Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 11. Commerce concluded that although the “HTS category is a basket category which may include glass articles besides glass jars, it nevertheless includes glass jars, and therefore is a reliable surrogate value source. Moreover, the WTA data used in the Preliminary Results are contemporaneous, publicly available, and representative of a broad market average.” Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 10. Commerce reinforced its decision to use WTA data by explaining that “no other usable information is available on the record which is more specific to the glass jars used by the respondent.” Id. cmt. 2, at *1345 11. 3 COFCO provided financial information from the Indian producer Jagatjit Industries Limited (“Jagatjit”) that it claims should have been used to calculate surrogate value for the glass jars instead of WTA data. This information states that Jagatjit’s “major business activity” is manufacturing of alcoholic beverages. COFCO’s Publicly Available Information Submission (March 30, 2007), Plaintiffs Appendix, Tab 7, P.R. 151 Ex. 17, Jagatjit Annual Report for the year ended 31st March, 2006, at 5. The Jagatjit glass container division, while contributing to overall revenue generation, “basically caters [to] the internal demand.” Id. Although “glass bottles and jars” is listed third of Jagatjit’s three principal products, id. at 34, the Jagatjit information contains only this single reference to jars, and does not reference jars in its relevant table of financial data, see id. at 32 (providing Jagatjit financial information for glass bottles, tins and other containers, and plastic containers, but not jars). See Defendant’s Opposition at 11. Commerce rejected the Jagatjit glass jar value as unreliable. Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 10. The Department explained that this information is not specific to the glass jars used by the respondent in this review. Specifically, data contained in Jagatjit’s financial report indicate that this Indian company’s main business is the sale of alcoholic beverages; consequently, the glass container value obtained from its financial report is non-specific for purposes of valuing the input in question. Id. Commerce properly used WTA Indian import data to calculate surrogate value for glass jars. There is no support for COFCO’s assertion that the Jagatjit financial information comprises “a more product-specific value available on the record.” See Plaintiffs Motion at 11. COFCO does not provide any record evidence that establishes the Jagatjit information as comparable with respect to glass jars. Defendant is correct that Commerce, “faced with the choice of selecting among imperfect alternatives,” reasonably declined to employ “the vague and inconclusive information in Jagatjit’s annual report.” Defendant’s Opposition to Plaintiffs Rule 56.2 Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record (“Defendant’s Opposition”) at 11. The time period covered by the Jagatjit report does not fully correspond to the POR in this case, id. at 11 n. 6, in contrast with the WTA data dates that precisely correlate, see Final Results, 72 Fed.Reg. at 44,827. Given the lack of more suitable data, Commerce justifiably resorted to its general preference for using WTA data over company financial information. 4 See *1346 Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 10. For these reasons, Commerce’s valuation of glass jars using WTA Indian import data instead of the Jagatjit information is supported by substantial evidence. COFCO further challenges Commerce’s ability to use import data in the surrogate valuation of the Yu Xing glass jars by claiming a lack of record evidence that the subject industry used imported inputs. Plaintiffs Motion at 16-17. Defendant counters that this argument is barred because COFCO failed to exhaust its administrative remedies. Defendant’s Opposition at 13-14. COFCO replies that at the administrative level it “discussed at length the general legal principle that Commerce should consider whether the industry in question would use imported inputs when deciding the appropriate surrogate values for those inputs.” Reply Brief in Further Support of COFCO’s Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record (“Plaintiffs Reply”) at 7-8 (citing COFCO Administrative Case Brief at 4-6). COFCO’s lengthy submission to Commerce set forth multiple bases challenging the use of WTA import data to construct surrogate value for glass jars. COFCO Administrative Case Brief at 13-18. COF-CO stated that these were the exclusive “reason[s] the Department should calculate a new surrogate value for glass jars.” See id. at 17. However, COFCO did not argue for preclusion based upon an alleged lack of evidence that the subject industry imported glass jars. 5 See id. at 13-18. An agency law precept is that “no one is entitled to judicial relief for a supposed or threatened injury until the prescribed administrative remedy has been exhausted.” Agro Dutch Indus., Ltd. v. United States, 30 CIT 320, 330 (2006) (quoting McKart v. United States, 395 U.S. 185, 193, 89 S.Ct. 1657, 23 L.Ed.2d 194 (1969)). If a party does not first seek available recourse before the agency, “judicial review of administrative action is inappropriate.” Sharp Corp. v. United States, 837 F.2d 1058, 1062 (Fed.Cir.1988). As the Supreme Court explains, “[a] reviewing court usurps the agency’s function when it sets aside the administrative determination upon a ground not theretofore presented and deprives the [agency] of an opportunity to consider the matter, make its ruling, and state the reasons for its action.” Unemployment Comp. Comm’n of Alaska v. Aragon, 329 U.S. 143, 155, 67 S.Ct. 245, 91 L.Ed. 136 (1946). This court will require exhaustion where the plaintiff *1347 both fails to raise an issue at the administrative level on which “Commerce could have conducted further analysis” and does “not show[ ] that any exception to the exhaustion doctrine applies.” China First Pencil Co., Ltd. v. United States, 427 F.Supp.2d 1236, 1244 (CIT 2006); see 28 U.S.C. § 2637(d). COFCO cannot now raise its new argument that Commerce is precluded from using import data to calculate surrogate glass jar value. Its failure to raise this issue during the administrative proceedings deprived Commerce of the “opportunity to consider the matter, make its ruling, and state the reason for its action.” See Aragon, 329 U.S. at 155, 67 S.Ct. 245. COFCO does not establish the applicability of an “exception to the exhaustion doctrine.” See China First Pencil, 427 F.Supp.2d at 1244. Moreover, even considering this argument, Commerce acted within its discretion. The obligation for Commerce to use domestic data over import data is not an absolute requirement but rather a conditional preference that can be overcome through reasoned explanation. 6 See Wuhan Bee Healthy Co. v. United States, 29 CIT 587, 601, 374 F.Supp.2d 1299, 1311 (2005) (“Although ... Commerce does not have an ‘unconditional preference’ for using domestic prices over import prices when valuing surrogates, ... it must provide an explanation that reasonably supports its decision.”) (citing Hebei Metals & Minerals Imp. & Exp. Corp. v. United States, 29 CIT 288, 303, 366 F.Supp.2d 1264, 1277 (2005)). Commerce explained its decision not to use the Jagatjit financial information that it found neither reliable nor specific to the input at issue. Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 10. The substantial evidence supporting this conclusion, described above, rebuts each of COFCO’s challenges to the use of WTA Indian import data in the valuation of glass jars. C Commerce Properly Calculated The Agro Dutch Surrogate Overhead Ratio In NME antidumping proceedings, Commerce is to include in its normal value calculation “an amount for general expenses.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(l). Commerce does this by employing a ratio “with the surrogate companies’ manufacturing overhead expenses as the ratio’s numerator” and “the material acquisition, direct labor, and energy costs of the surrogate companies ... in the ratio’s denominator.” Defendant’s Opposition at 19 (citing Tapered Roller Bearings and Parts Thereof, Finished and Unfinished, from the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of 2001-2005 Administrative Review and Partial Rescission of Review, 71 Fed. Reg. 75,936 (December 19, 2006), and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum cmt. 2). Here, Commerce preliminarily determined an overhead ratio using financial information from the Indian producer Agro Dutch. Preliminary Results, 71 Fed.Reg. at 64,937. COFCO requested that Commerce revisit the Agro Dutch surrogate overhead ratio calculation that included MHC in the numerator, claiming that “[t]he Department’s practice is to ex- *1348 elude material-related charges from overhead expenses, and instead to include such expenses in the materials, labor and energy denominator, because these costs are related to material acquisition costs.” COFCO Administrative Case Brief at 23 (citations omitted). Commerce did not adjust the Agro Dutch overhead ratio as COFCO requested. Commerce instead formalized the ratio used in the Preliminary Results, explaining the rationale as there being “no indication in Agro Dutch’s 2005-2006 financial report that the [MHC] line item relates to material acquisition costs.... Agro Dutch’s financial report does not indicate whether the [MHC] line item also includes freight. Therefore, this line item expense may in fact only include charges associated with moving materials within the factory.” 7 Final Decision Memo cmt. 6, at 15. Commerce further noted that “Agro Dutch treats its [MHC] as part of an expenditure category called ‘Manufacturing Expenses’ in its profit and loss statement.” Id. n. 29. This explanation by Commerce of its inclusion of MHC in the Agro Dutch surrogate overhead ratio numerator is sufficient and comprises substantial evidence supporting the determination. Defendant is correct that “COFCO has pointed to no record evidence that the [MHC] related to the purchase of materials. Also, COFCO has cited no record evidence rendering Commerce’s interpretation unreasonable.” Defendant’s Opposition at 20. COFCO has, at most, demonstrated that Commerce could have included MHC in the denominator. However, “[t]he possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent [Commerce’s] finding from being supported by substantial evidence.” Consolo v. Fed. Mar. Comm’n, 383 U.S. 607, 620, 86 S.Ct. 1018, 16 L.Ed.2d 131 (1966). Commerce may, as it did here, permissibly select among different possible factual interpretations of a surrogate company’s financial information. See Dorbest, Ltd. v. United States, 547 F.Supp.2d 1321, 1346 (CIT 2008) (“[I]t is not for the court to decide between two, equally plausible factual interpretations. As such, the court cannot find unreasonable Commerce’s determination.”). D Commerce Properly Accounted For Free Inputs In Calculating Normal Value To calculate normal value for merchandise in an NME country, Commerce is to value each factor of production and “add[ ] an amount for ... profit.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(l). COFCO claims that Commerce erroneously “added profit to the glass jars and caps that COFCO’s customers provided for free, despite the *1349 lack of any evidence that COFCO charged its U.S. customers a mark-up for the glass jars and caps.” 8 Plaintiffs Motion at 1-2. Prior to the Final Results, Commerce explained that it was treating these glass jars and caps as it had free inputs in previous reviews. Final Decision Memo cmt. 7, at 17 (citing Folding Metal Tables and Chairs from the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 71 Fed.Reg. 71,509 (December 11, 2006), and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum cmt. 6, and Certain Preserved Mushrooms from the People’s Republic of China: Final Results and Final Rescission, in Part, of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 70 Fed.Reg. 54,361 (September 14, 2005), and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum cmt. 13). In its normal value calculation, Commerce properly included profit for the glass jars and caps that were provided free of charge to Yu Xing by COFCO’s U.S. customers. This approach comports with the plain language of the statute that allows the addition of profit for inputs. 9 See 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(l). COFCO presents no basis to deviate from Commerce’s previous treatment of free inputs. There is no support for COFCO’s assertion that Commerce relied upon the “unsubstantiated assumption” that COFCO earned any profit attributable to the free glass jars and caps. See Plaintiffs Motion at 21. Defendant is correct that the existence of any such actual profit is “immaterial .... for purposes of calculating normal value.” Defendant’s Opposition at 17. Therefore, the absence of record evidence pertaining to profit earned attributable to the free inputs does not detract from the appropriateness of Commerce’s normal value calculation that added profit for the free glass jars and caps. Consistent with both its practice and the statute, Commerce reasonably calculated normal value by including profit for the free inputs used in producing the subject merchandise. Y CONCLUSION For the above stated reasons, Commerce’s determination in Certain Preserved Mushrooms From the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, *1350 72 FecLReg. 44,827 (August 9, 2007) is AFFIRMED. Footnotes [1] Plaintiff China Processed Food Import & Export Company ("COFCO”) does not challenge the designations by the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce” or "De *1341 partment”) of either the People’s Republic of China as a non-market economy or India as an appropriate surrogate market economy. [2] COFCO's reliance on this precedent is misplaced because, as explained by Defendant, here "Commerce did not ignore the Infodrive data and was fully aware that the World Trade Atlas [WTA] data included products other than glass jars.” Defendant’s Opposition to Plaintiff's Rule 56.2 Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record (“Defendant’s Opposition”) at 13 (citing Memorandum from David M. Spooner, Assistant Secretary for Import Administration, to Stephen J. Claeys, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Import Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Re: Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Results of the 2005-2006 Administrative Review of Certain Preserved Mushrooms from the People's Republic of China (August 3, 2007), Plaintiff's Appendix, Tab 8, Public Record ("P.R.”) 157 (“Final Decision Memo ") cmt. 2, at 9 nn. 18, 20, 11). Cf. Globe Metallurgical, Inc. v. United States, Slip Op. 08-105, 2008 WL 4417187, 2008 Ct. Int’l Trade LEXIS 105 (Oct. 1, 2008), which, while it reaches a different result is distinguishable by its reliance on a unique record. [3] Commerce further stated that "the Department's normal practice is not to use Infodrive India to analyze which portion of the WTA data included in the HTS subheading is specific to the input at issue, given that the Infodrive India data do not account for all of the Indian imports which fall under a particular HTS subheading.” Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 11 (citation omitted). COFCO emphasizes the first part of this statement. Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of COFCO’s Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record ("Plaintiff's Motion”) at 13. However, the statement in its entirety does not support COFCO because it demonstrates that Commerce did address the Infodrive India data, and COFCO acknowledges that the difference between the data sets is approximately five percent. See id. at 15. [4] Commerce explained that "where product-specificity is not a critical factor in the Department’s surrogate value determination, the Department has shown a general preference for WTA data over company financial statements because WTA data are contemporaneous, publicly available, and representative of *1346 a broad market average.” Final Decision Memo cmt. 2, at 10. COFCO seeks to undermine this conclusion by emphasizing that Commerce additionally found "that product specificity (i.e., the species of mushroom) is .... critical to the Department’s determination as to the best available information on this record to value [fresh mushrooms].” See Final Decision Memo cmt. 1, at 7-8; Reply Brief in Further Support of COFCO's Motion for Judgment Upon the Agency Record (“Plaintiff's Reply”) at 3-4 (citing Final Decision Memo cmt. 1, at 8). However, because Commerce independently determines the importance of product specificity for each input, the designation for fresh mushrooms does not cast doubt upon the designation for glass jars. [5] COFCO argued in the administrative proceedings that "[bjecause no domestic industry in India or China uses imported fresh mushrooms to produce subject merchandise ... the Department choice of import data to value fresh mushroom inputs is not reasonable.” COFCO Case Brief, Case No. A-570-851, U.S. Department of Commerce, Import Administration (March 13, 2007), Plaintiff's Appendix, Tab 10, P.R. 153, at 6 ("COFCO Administrative Case Brief”). However, because COFCO did not make this argument with respect to glass jars, its citation to Commerce's conclusion concerning the value of fresh mushrooms does not support its having exhausted administrative remedies for the same argument as applied to glass jars. See Plaintiff's Reply at 8 (citing Final Decision Memo cmt. 1, at 6). [6] COFCO relies upon precedent from this court in arguing that “before Commerce can eliminate import statistics as a surrogate value option, the record must contain domestic surrogate values.” Plaintiff’s Motion at 17 (citing Dorbest Ltd. v. United States, 462 F.Supp.2d 1262, 1279 (CIT 2006)). However, Dorbest does not support this proposition. See Dorbest, 462 F.Supp.2d at 1279 (“If it is unlikely that the domestic industry would use imported inputs, and there is domestic data available, then Commerce's choice of import data to value factor inputs may not be reasonable.”) (emphasis added). [7] COFCO emphasizes this use of the word “may” to support its position that "Commerce merely presented its own hypothesis. Speculation, however, cannot constitute substantial evidence.” Plaintiffs Motion at 19-20. COFCO provides neither record evidence that detracts from the reasonableness of Commerce's interpretation nor support for its position that the “approach contradicts past practice and the very authority upon which Defendant relies.” See Plaintiff's Reply at 10. Commerce having previously commented upon its "practice to include in the denominator only those costs associated with materials, labor and energy” does not here render unreasonable its inclusion of material handling costs in the numerator, because these costs can plausibly be classified as manufacturing overhead expenses. See Tapered Roller Bearings and Parts Thereof, Finished and Unfinished, from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the 2004-2005 Administrative Review and Partial Rescission of Review, 71 Fed.Reg. 75,936 (December 19, 2006), and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum cmt. 2. [8] At the administrative level, COFCO requested that "the Department increase U.S. prices for sales transactions (for which the U.S. customers provided the glass jars and caps) by the surrogate values of the glass jars and caps plus an additional amount that corresponds to the increase in normal value due to surrogate profit ratios.” COFCO Administrative Case Brief at 26 (emphasis omitted). Although COFCO references this U.S. price argument from the "underlying proceeding,” it clarifies that "the issue on appeal is ... whether Commerce should have included in normal value any profit amount attributable to the glass jars and caps that were provided for free to COFCO by its [U.S.] customers.” Plaintiff’s Motion at 21-22. Because COFCO is no longer challenging Commerce’s calculation of the U.S. sales prices for the subject merchandise, that aspect of the Final Results need not be addressed. [9] COFCO accurately states that " ‘[a]n amount' for profit does not mean an amount for profit on all inputs.” Plaintiff's Reply at 11 (emphasis omitted) (citing 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(l)). The statute clearly permits Commerce to include amounts for profit on each input, as Defendant explains that Commerce "normally” does. Defendant’s Opposition at 16. COFCO emphasizes this "acknowledgement that there are circumstances where it is not appropriate to add an amount for profit to all factors of production.” Plaintiff’s Reply at 11. However, COFCO does not provide record support for its position that Commerce here inappropriately added profit for the free glass jars and caps.