Yantai Oriental Juice Co. v. United States

MEMORANDUM OPINION EATON, Judge-. On March 21, 2003, the court, for the second time, remanded certain aspects of the United States Department of Commerce’s (“Commerce” or the “Department”) determination in Certain Non-Frozen Apple Juice Concentrate from the P.R.C., 65 Fed. Reg. 19,873 (Dep’t Commerce Apr. 13, 2000) (final determination) (“Final Determination”), as amended in Certain Non-Frozen Apple Juice Concentrate From the P.R.C., 65 Fed. Reg. 35,606 (Dep’t Commerce June 5, 2000) (am. final determination) (“Amended Final Determination”), covering the period of investigation (“POI”) of October 1, 1998, through March 31, 1999. See Yantai Oriental Juice Co. v. United States, 27 CIT_, slip op. 03-33 (Mar. 21, 2003) (“Yantai IF). The second remand order directed Commerce to revisit the issue of the proper calculation of the antidumping duty margin for Xianyang Fuan Juice Co., Ltd., Xian Asia Qin Fruit Co., Ltd., Changsha Industrial Products & Minerals Import & Export Corp., and Shandong Foodstuffs Import & Export Corp., 1 and explain in clear and specific terms why its selected methodology “is based on the best available information and establishes antidumping margins as accurately as possible.” Yantai II, 27 CIT at_, slip op. 03-33 at 18 (internal quotation omitted). On May 5, 2003, Commerce released the results *1710 of its second remand determination. See Second Redetermination Pursuant to Court Remand Order in Yantai Oriental Juice Co. v. United States (Mar. 21, 2003) (Dep’t Commerce May 5, 2003), Second Remand R. Pub. Doc. 8 (“Second Remand Determination”). The court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) (2000) and 19 U.S.C. § 1516(a)(2)(A)(i)(I). For the reasons set forth below, the court sustains Commerce’s Second Remand Determination. Background In the original investigation, the antidumping duty margin for the Cooperative Respondents was calculated to be 14.88%. See Am. Final Determination, 65 Fed. Reg. at 35,607. This antidumping duty margin was based on the weighted-average of antidumping duty margins for the Fully-Investigated Respondents. See Final Determination, 65 Fed. Reg. at 19,874. After the first remand, however, Commerce determined that, because the Fully-Investigated Respondents would receive antidumping duty margins of zero percent, a new methodology was needed to calculate the antidumping duty margin for the Cooperative Respondents. See Yantai II, 27 CIT_, slip op. 03-33 at 12 (citing Redetermination Pursuant to Court Remand Order in Yantai Oriental Juice Co. v. United States (Dep’t Commerce Nov. 15, 2002), First Remand R. Pub. Doc. 53 (“First Remand Determination”) at 14). Specifically, Commerce determined that it would calculate the Cooperative Respondents’ margin following the “all-others” methodology of 19 U.S.C. § 1673d(c)(5). See id. However, because all of the margins in the investigation were either (1) zero percent (i.e., the Fully-Investigated Respondents’ margins) or (2) based on facts available (i.e., the PRC-wide margin), Commerce did not follow the methodology of 19 U.S.C. § 1673d(c)(5)(A) but, instead, looked to 19 U.S.C. § 1673d(c)(5)(B). See id. at 13 (citing First Remand Determination at 14). Using this methodology, the Cooperative Respondents’ calculated antidumping duty margin increased from 14.88% to 28.33%. Id. at 16. After reviewing the remand results, the court determined that it could not sustain Commerce’s new methodology as proper. The court reasoned: First, the record shows that the Cooperative Respondents fully and completely complied with all of Commerce’s requests for information. Indeed, the only apparent difference between the Fully-Investigated Respondents and the Cooperative Respondents is that Commerce did not select them for full investigations. Second, while it is not inconceivable that individual margins for each Cooperative Respondent could have increased had they been fully investigated, this outcome seems unlikely given that all of the Fully-Investigated Respondents’ antidumping duty margins were reduced to zero percent — including that re *1711 spondent originally assigned an antidumping duty margin of 27.57 percent. Given these facts it appears that Commerce strained to reach its result. This is particularly puzzling given that in reaching its result Commerce abandoned the methodology used in the Final Determination (i.e., weight-averaging the estimated dumping margins of the Fully-Investigated Respondents) even though that method is specifically provided for in the statutory subsection it purported to follow. More importantly, in doing so, Commerce failed to justify the use of its new methodology other than by reference to the SAA.. The SAA, however, takes into account the possibility that, under certain facts, the “expected” method should not be used. Yantai II, 27 CIT at_, slip op. 03-33 at 16-17 (citations omitted). As a result, the court remanded this matter a second time. In doing so, the court directed Commerce to revisit the issue of the proper calculation of the Cooperative Respondents’ antidumping duty margin and . . . either: (1) use the methodology set forth in 19 U.S.C. § 1673d(c)(5)(B); or (2) set out another methodology. In either event, Commerce shall explain in clear and specific terms why its selected methodology “is based on the best available information and establishes an-tidumping margins as accurately as possible.” Id., 27 CIT at_, slip op. 03-33 at 18 (citing Shakeproof Assembly Components, Div. of Ill. Tool Works, Inc. v. United States, 268 F.3d 1376, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2001)). In its Second Remand Determination, Commerce calculated the antidumping duty margin for the Cooperative Respondents to be 3.83%. See Second Remand Determination at 9. Standard of Review The court “shall hold unlawful any determination, finding, or conclusion found ... to be unsupported by substantial evidence on the record or otherwise not in accordance with law. . . .” 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(l)(B)(i); Huaiyin Foreign Trade Corp. (30) v. United States, 322 F.3d 1369, 1374 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (quoting 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(l)(B)(i) (2000)). “Substantial evidence is ‘such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’ ” Huaiyin, 322.F.3d at 1374 (quoting Consol. Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938)). The existence of substantial evidence is determined “by considering the record as a whole, including evidence that supports as well as evidence that ‘fairly detracts from the substantiality of the evidence.’ ” Id. (citing Atl. Sugar, Ltd. v. United States, 744 F.2d 1556, 1562 (Fed. Cir. 1984)). Commerce has considerable discretion in the evaluation of factors of production. Nation Ford Chem. Co. v. United States, 21 CIT 1371, 1374-75, 985 F. *1712 Supp. 133, 136-37 (1997), aff’d 166 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 1999). “When examining Commerce’s factual determinations, ‘[i]t is not within the Court’s domain either to weigh the adequate quality or quantity of the evidence for sufficiency or to reject a finding on grounds of a differing interpretation of the record.’ ” Air Prods. & Chems., Inc. v. United States, 22 CIT 433, 442, 14 F. Supp. 2d 737, 746 (1998) (quoting Timken Co. v. United States, 12 CIT 955, 962, 699 F. Supp. 300, 306 (1988), aff’d 894 F.2d 385 (Fed. Cir. 1990)). “In reviewing the Department’s construction of a statute it administers, [the court defers] to the agency’s reasonable interpretation of the an-tidumping statutes if not contrary to an unambiguous legislative intent as expressed in the words of the statute.” Huaiyin, 322 F.3d at 1374-75 (citing Timex V.I., Inc. v. United States, 157 F.3d 879, 881-82 (Fed. Cir. 1998)). Furthermore, “[a]s long as the agency’s methodology and procedures are reasonable means of effectuating the statutory purpose, and there is substantial evidence in the record supporting the agency’s conclusions, the court will not impose its own views as to the sufficiency of the agency’s investigation or question the agency’s methodology.” Ceramica Regiomontana, S.A. v. United States, 10 CIT 399, 404-05, 636 F. Supp. 961, 966 (1986), aff’d 810 F.2d 1137 (Fed. Cir. 1987) (citing Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 843 (1984); Abbott v. Donovan, 6 CIT 92, 97, 570 F. Supp. 41, 46-47 (1983)). Discussion In the Second Remand Determination, Commerce stated that [t]he Department agrees with the Court that the [Cooperative Respondents] were responsive and fully cooperated with the Department in the investigation. The [Cooperative Respondents] had originally requested to be fully examined during the investigation. . . . To comply with the Court’s order, the Department has revised its methodology for calculating a separate rate for the [Cooperative Respondents]. In this regard, we have considered the calculated margins of zero percent for the [Fully-Investigated Respondents] as well as the information on the record of the investigation for the [Cooperative Respondents]. For this remand redetermination, and consistent with the [Statement of Administrative Action], the Department has determined the anti-dumping duty margin for the [Cooperative Respondents] by weight-averaging the zero margins for the [Fully-Investigated Respondents] with the estimated margins determined for the [Cooperative Respondents]. In calculating the estimated margins for the [Cooperative Respondents], we relied, in part, upon information provided by these companies in their Section A questionnaire responses to the Department in which they pro *1713 vided the gross volume and value of their sales to the United States during the period of investigation. We also relied upon corroborated information from the petition, as adjusted to reflect the surrogate values incorporated by the Department in its Remand Determination. Second Remand Determination at 5. Plaintiffs raise two objections to Commerce’s methodology and its choice of record evidence used in calculating the Cooperative Respondents’ antidumping duty margin. First, Plaintiffs argue that Commerce’s determination was not proper because Commerce’s calculations were not “based on the best available information.” Pis.’ Comments Regarding Commerce’s Second Remand Determination (“Pis.’ Comments”) at 3. Second, Plaintiffs contend that Commerce’s normal value calculation “is inflated through unexplained and inappropriate material inputs.” Id. at 7. The court examines each in turn. A. Commerce’s selection of “best available information” For the Second Remand Determination, Commerce revised its methodology for calculating the Cooperative Respondents’ antidump-ing duty margins. Commerce explained its revised methodology: Under [19 U.S.C. § 1677f-l(c)], we establish dumping margins by comparing the normal value (“NV”) and export price (“EP”) of the subject merchandise sold during the period of investigation. To determine the margins for the [Cooperative Respondents], we first calculated a single NV for the [Cooperative Respondents] by relying upon the corroborated factors of production and values provided by the petitioners in the original petition. However, consistent with the Remand Determination, we adjusted certain values to reflect the Turkish values for juice apples, selling, general, and administrative expenses, overhead, and profit. In the petition, the corroborated EP was based on U.S. price obtained by the petitioners. However, since the [Cooperative Respondents] were requested to provide the volume and value of their United States sales of apple juice concentrate during the period of investigation, we were able to use this information as the basis for calculating an EP that more accurately reflected the actual U.S. selling prices of these companies. [Title 19 U.S.C. § 1677a(c)] requires the Department to make adjustments to the EP before it can be compared to the NV to establish a dumping margin. These adjustments typically include packing, movement charges, taxes, etc. Since the average gross unit prices reported by these companies were inclusive of movement and other selling expenses, it was necessary to restate these prices on a net unit price basis. This was accomplished by deducting from these gross unit prices, the weighted-average *1714 difference between the Section A gross unit prices of the [Fully-Investigated Respondents]. These adjustments and calculations using the actual data of the [Fully-Investigated Respondents] enabled us to establish the antidumping margins for the separate rate companies as accurately as possible. Second Remand Determination at 5-6 (citation omitted). Plaintiffs take issue with Commerce’s revised methodology. Specifically, Plaintiffs argue that Commerce has calculated an average deduction for EP sales based on verified sales data reported by the [Fully-Investigated Respondents]. However, Commerce has chosen to ignore the verified data from these same respondents in its calculation of normal value. Instead, Commerce has resorted to the unverified assumptions about the factors of production contained in the petition. . . . On its face, it would appear that the best available source of information for both the net U.S. sales price calculation and the normal value calculation would be the information reported by the [Fully-Investigated Respondents] and verified by the Department in its original investigation. Pis.’ Comments at 3-4 (emphasis in original). In response, the United States (“Government”), on behalf of Commerce, contends that [b]ecause Commerce did not possess information specific to the cooperating respondents necessary to adjust the fully-investigated respondents’ data and as the record established that the experience of the fully-investigated respondents differed significantly from the experience of the cooperating respondents, Commerce reasonably developed a methodology from which it could better discern the appropriate margin rate. Def.’s Reply to Pis.’ Comments Upon the Second Remand Redetermi-nation (“Def.’s Comments”) at 7. In support of its position, the Government cites Commerce’s reasoning set out in the Second Remand Determination. Id. (citing Second Remand Determination at 7). In the Second Remand Determination, Commerce specifically responded to Plaintiffs’ concern that the petition data were not the “best available information” for calculating the Cooperative Respondents’ margin: Since the record of investigation does not contain any company-specific factors of production data for the [Cooperative Respondents], as best available information, we relied upon the corroborated factors of production from the petition. We did not rely upon the factors of production for the fully-investigated companies because the record of the investigation shows that *1715 the factors of production vary significantly from company to company. Thus, there is no basis for assuming that the factors of production for the fully-investigated companies are any more representative of the factors of production of the [Cooperative Respondents] than the information from the petition. Second Remand Determination at 7-8. The Government argues that Plaintiffs’ proposed methodology ... is premised upon speculation that is unsupported by the record. Specifically, [Plaintiffs] assumed the experience of the fully-investigated respondents mirrors that of the cooperating respondents. The record, however, does not support that assumption. To the contrary, the section A questionnaire responses showed a large difference between the fully-investigated respondents’ and the cooperating respondents’ average selling price to the United States. Accounting for the same or similar sale terms, the cooperating respondents’ average United States section A selling price was [significantly] lower than the fully-investigated respondents’. Def.’s Comments at 7-8 (citing Second Remand Determination at 7) (emphasis in original). It is worth noting that Plaintiffs do not take issue with either of the findings relied upon by Commerce in reaching its conclusions with respect to its selection of data. That is, Plaintiffs do not dispute (1) that “the factors of production for the fully-investigated companies . . . var[ied] significantly from company to company,” 2 Second Remand Determination at 7, and (2) that “the gross average U.S. selling price of the separate-rate companies is well below the gross average selling 3 price of the fully-investigated companies with the same reported terms of sale . . . .” Id. Rather, Plaintiffs rely on the notion that the Fully-Investigated Respondents and the Cooperative Respondents are necessarily indistinguishable. The court finds that Commerce’s determination with respect to “best available information” is proper. Specifically, Commerce has “articulate [d] a ‘rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.’ ” Rhodia, Inc. v. United States, 25 Cl__,_, 185 F. Supp. 2d 1343, 1348 (2001) (quoting Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 371 U.S. 156 168 (1962)). Commerce determined that *1716 the “best available information” was the corroborated data from the petition. It explained that the wide variation between the Fully-Investigated Respondents’ and the Cooperative Respondents’ production data and sales price data indicated that their experiences were not necessarily comparable. Therefore, Commerce further determined that “there is no basis for assuming that the factors of production for the fully-investigated companies are any more representative of the factors of production of the [Cooperative Respondents] than the information in the petition.” Second Remand Determination at 7. As there is no dispute with respect to the evidence relied upon by Commerce in reaching its conclusion that the circumstances of the Fully-Investigated Respondents and the Cooperative Respondents were not necessarily the same, and as Plaintiffs make no showing that Commerce’s normal value calculation would be more accurate based on the alternative information on the record, the court sustains Commerce’s determination in this regard. See Nation Ford Chem. Co. v. United States, 166 F.3d 1373, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (citing Lasko Metal Prods., Inc. v. United States, 43 F.3d 1442, 1446 (Fed. Cir. 1994)) (“While § 1677b(c) provides guidelines to assist Commerce in this process, this section also accords Commerce wide discretion in the valuation of factors of production in the application of those guidelines.”). “Commerce’s finding that there ‘was no basis to add additional factors for [indirect labor]’ was supported by substantial evidence. That Plaintiff ‘can point to evidence . . . which detracts from. . . [Commerce’s] decision and can hypothesize a . . . basis for a contrary determination is neither surprising nor persuasive.’ ’’Air Prods. & Chems., Inc., 22 CIT at 444, 14 F. Supp. 2d at 748 (quoting Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. United States, 750 F.2d 927, 936 (Fed. Cir. 1984)). B. Commerce’s normal value calculation Plaintiffs argue that “Notwithstanding [their first argument], if it is reasonable for Commerce to base its normal value calculation on information from the petition, the calculation must still be revised to remove inappropriate and unexplained material inputs.” Pis.’ Comments at 7. Plaintiffs point to two examples in support of this argument. First, Plaintiffs state that [t]he most arbitrary addition Commerce made to its normal value calculation is the addition of a material input that is merely described as “maintenance/supplies.” On its face, it is apparent that an item defined as “maintenance/supplies” is not a material input. Instead, maintenance/supply items are properly designated as factory overhead. Thus, in light of the fact that Commerce is already adding a 17.64% factory overhead ratio to its normal value calculation, the inclusion of a factory overhead item in its material inputs is an unlawful double counting. *1717 Pis.’ Comments at 8 (citation omitted) (emphasis in original). Plaintiffs then state: Likewise, Commerce makes no attempt to explain what material inputs are accounted for in “miscellaneous costs” and “miscellaneous utilities.” It is difficult to imagine what could be included in these “miscellaneous” baskets since Commerce has already listed every necessary input for [apple juice concentrate] (and the energy costs) individually. Id. Plaintiffs conclude that it is wholly unreasonable for Commerce to include these extra expenses in its normal value calculation without even attempting to describe the material inputs they are supposed to represent. Their inclusion demonstrates that Commerce has failed to use the best available information in its normal value calculation, and that it has failed to recalculate the Section A margin as accurately as possible. Id. at 9. The Government argues: Suggesting that the Court delve into the minutia of antidump-ing rate calculations, [Plaintiffs] contendí ] elements of the petition data are unexplained. The basis for each of the petition line-items, however, is evident from Commerce’s various corroboration memoranda. The petition data is [sic] derived from the records of [an identifiable source]. Thus, the line-items for miscellaneous costs and maintenance/supplies, for example, originate from that [source]. Def.’s Comments at 9-10 (citations omitted). While complaining of Commerce’s behavior, Plaintiffs make no effort to prove their case. Rather, they rely on what they claim to be true “[o]n its face” and what “[i]s difficult to imagine.” Pis.’ Comments at 8. An examination of the record, though, reveals the following concerning the factors of production. First, there are no actual costs for the factors of production of the Cooperative Respondents since they were not asked to answer Section D of the questionnaire. Second, there was a lack of uniformity in the responses of the Fully-Investigated Respondents with respect not only to the value of the factors of production, but also as to the factors of production themselves. For instance, with respect to Apple Juice Concentrate, one respondent listed “pectolytic [enzyme]” as an individual factor while others did not. See Conf. R. Doc. 41, Ex. D-l. “Gelatin” was listed as an individual factor by three respondents but not by the others. Compare Conf. R. Docs. 42, 43, 45, Ex. D-1 with Conf. R. Docs. 40, 41, Ex. D-1. Further, there is no correlation between many of the factors listed in the Section D questionnaire responses of the Fully- *1718 Investigated Respondents and those found in the petition. For instance, “pectinex,” “plastic liners,” “aseptic,” “steel drums,” “labels,” and “PakLab” (labor hours for packing) are all listed individually on the Fully-Investigated Respondents’ Section D questionnaire responses but are not individually broken down in the petition. Compare Conf. R. Docs. 40, 41, 42, 43 and 45 with Pet. for the Imposition of Antidumping Duties: Certain Non-Frozen Apple Juice Concentrate from China, Conf. R. Doc. 1, Ex. 12, Attach. B. Thus, it may be presumed that they are covered by the categories “maintenance/ supplies” and “miscellaneous costs.” See Antidumping Investigation Initiation Checklist of 6/28/99, Conf. App. Def.’s Comments, Ex. 5 at 14. Third, with respect to “miscellaneous utilities,” these are identified as being water and waste water treatment in Commerce’s memorandum corroborating the petition data (“Corroboration Memorandum”). See Mem. from Susan H. Kuhbach to File of 4/6/00 (corroborating petition data), Conf. App. Def.’s Comments, Ex.6 at 3. In constructing normal value, Commerce is charged with the duty to use the “best available information” in the valuation of factors of production. See 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(l)(B). In doing so, Commerce must capture all of the costs of production no matter how characterized. In their papers, Plaintiffs merely demonstrate that Commerce, using the petition, denominated the various factors of production differently than was done in the Section D questionnaire responses of the Fully-Investigated Respondents. They have not demonstrated, however, that though the factors of production were denominated differently, they did not capture all of the costs of production. As such, Plaintiffs have offered nothing but speculation to support their claim that the normal value calculation was flawed. Given the Corroboration Memorandum and Commerce’s duty to select from among “best available information,” it has “articulate [d] a ‘rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.’ ” Rhodia, Inc., 25 CIT at_, 185 F. Supp. 2d at 1348 (quoting Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 371 U.S. 156, 168 (1962)). Perhaps most importantly, however, had Plaintiffs wished to dispute the items about which it complains, they should have done so in the context of Commerce’s proceedings on remand. Having failed to do so, Plaintiffs cannot now dispute these items. See Letter from Grunfeld, Desiderio, Lebowitz, Silverman & Klestadt, LLP to Commerce of 4/23/03 (comments on draft remand and recalculation of Section A rate), Conf. App. Def.’s Comments, Ex. 3. The record shows that Plaintiffs raised other issues as to various factors at the administrative level and that Commerce did respond to them. However, Plaintiffs did not raise the questions they are now asking the court to decide. See, e.g., Second Remand Determination at 8 (agreeing with Plaintiffs that the EP calculation incorrectly relied upon “CEP sales information”); id. (agreeing with Plaintiffs that the EP calculation “incorrectly deducts ocean freight from all [Cooperative Respon *1719 dents’] sales.”). By raising these matters for the first time before this court, Plaintiffs are simply too late. “The exhaustion doctrine requires a party to present its claims to the relevant administrative agency for the agency’s consideration before raising these claims to the Court.” Fabrique de Fer de Charleroi S.A. v. United States, 25 CIT_,_, 155 F. Supp. 2d 801, 805 (2001) (citing Unemployment Comp. Comm’n of Alaska v. Aragon, 329 U.S. 143, 155 (1946)); Unemployment Comp. Comm’n of Alaska, 329 U.S. at 155 (“A reviewing court usurps the agency’s function when it sets aside the administrative determination upon a ground not theretofore presented and deprives the [agency] of an opportunity to consider the matter, make its ruling, and state the reasons for its action.”); Pohang Iron & Steel Co. v. United States, 23 CIT 778, 792, slip op. 99-112 at 36 (Oct. 20, 1999) (“The court generally takes a strict view of the need to exhaust remedies by raising all arguments.”); see also Fabrique de Fer de Charleroi S.A., 25 CIT at_n.1, 155 F. Supp. 2d at 805 n.l (noting court’s discretion in application of the exhaustion requirement and listing examples of exceptions fashioned thereto). Conclusion For the foregoing reasons, Commerce’s Second Remand Determination is sustained. Judgment shall enter accordingly. Footnotes [1] These companies fully responded to Commerce’s antidumping questionnaire but were not selected for investigation. They shall be referred to collectively as the “Cooperative Respondents.” Yantai Oriental Juice Co., Qingdao Nannan Foods Co., Sanmenxia Lakeside Fruit Juice Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Haisheng Fresh Fruit Juice Co., and Shandong Zhonglu Juice Group Co. were fully investigated and shall be referred to collectively as the “Fully-Investigated Respondents.” The Cooperative Respondents and the Fully-Investigated Respondents are plaintiffs in this action (“Plaintiffs”). [2] An examination of the Section D questionnaire responses for the Fully-Investigated Respondents confirms this finding. [3] Specifically, Plaintiffs do not dispute that “[a]ccounting for the same or similar sale terms, the cooperating respondents’ average United States Section A selling price was 21 percent lower than the fully-investigated respondents’.” Def.’s Comments at 8 (citing Second Remand Determination at 7) (emphasis in original). An examination of the Section A questionnaire responses for the Fully-Investigated Respondents and the Cooperative Respondents confirms this finding.