Stafford v. County Court

Brannon, President: John L. Stafford and John A. Sheppard were candidates at the election 8th November, 1904, for the office of prosecuting attorney of Mingo county. A count by the canvassers of the returns of the election showed that Stafford had been elected and he was so declared. A recount was demanded by Sheppard. Pending the recount Stafford instituted a proceeding in the Supreme Court affecting such recount. And this Court awarded a mandmms directing the board of canvassers as to the manner and proceedure of such recount, commanding them to reconvene and recount the vote for said office under principles signified by this Court in its opinion, as will appear from a report of the case of Stafford v. Board of Canvassers, (49 S. E. 641,) 56 W. Va. 670. Pursuant to the mandate of the Supreme Court the canvassers met and proceeded with the recount, and on the 2nd day of February, 1905, the canvassers found and declared that Sheppard had been elected. On the 10th day of February, 1905, Stafford served a notice upon Sheppard that he would contest his election and file the notice with the county court at its next term. On the 24th day of February, the county court met in regular session, and Stafford presented to it the said notice of contest and asked that it. be filed and the proceeding-docketed in said county court, but the court refused to entertain or docket the notice; and later Stafford asked this Court to award a mandanms to compel the county court and its members to allow said notice of contest to be filed and to docket the contest proceeding and hear and determine the same. One question in this case is this: After the notice of contest had been served a special term of the county court was held. Its call did not include this contested election case as — 90 — a matter for its action, ancl the notice of contest was not presented at that special term, but it was presented at the next regular term. It is said that the county court was justified in refusing to docket the case on the ground that the notice was not presented to the county court at its first term after declaration of the result of the election, since the Code of 1899, chapter 6, section 3, says: “Notice of contest shall be presented to the county court at its first term after the same is delivered to the person whose election is contested * * and the same shall be docketed for trial at that Court. ” This presents the question whether a special term of the court is the first term after service of notice of contest under this statute. We think it is not. “When a statute speaks of terms, the terms fixed by law are meant, not special terms appointed by the court. ” Tompkins v. Clackamas, 11 Ore. 366; Smith v. Cutter, 10 Wend. 591. We think that, as a general rule, when a statute requires a thing to be done at a term of court it means a regular term. This is, and ought to be, the rule, unless something in the statute calls for another meaning. We should not incline to a construction which would defeat the contestant from having a hearing. But outside of that consideration we say, that the times of regular term' are known to the people, while special terms have no regularity, sitting only when called for particular business specified in the call. No other business than that specified in the call can be acted on at a special term. Hamilton v. County Court, 38 W. Va. 71. The notice of a special term is of limited publication — only posted at the court house door, perhaps for the short term of only two days. Few persons know of such session, and it would be a harsh construction of the statute to say that “ First term ” means a special term not known to the community at large. Such a construction would be hurtful and often defeat just rights and work surprise and wrong. In support of the claim that the notice was presented to the county court too late it is further argued that the Code of 1899, chapter 6, section 3, contains the language, “The hearing may be continued from time to time by the court, if it be shown that justice and right require it, but not beyond three months from the date of election.” From this statute it is argued that more than three months had passed from — 91 — the election to the day when the notice of contest was presented to the county court, and as that statute contemplates that the contest must be ended within three months from the election, it follows that the notice commencing the contest cannot be hied in the court after three months from the election. To this we reply: 1. That language refers to a contest proceeding already docketed in the court; It presupposes that a notice of contest has been filed and the proceeding on the court docket, and it is designed to forbid delay and procrastination in the hearing and decision of the case. It is not designed to fix a time for the commencement of the proceeding. That is done by those other provisions of the statute fixing the time within which notice must be served by the contestant on the contestee, and fixing the time for the presentation of that notice to the county court. The provision just quoted has no relation to the commencement of the case, to the origination of the case, but only to its continuance' as a pending case after it had been once brought into being. 2. Though it is not involved in this case, is not that provision forbidding a continuance beyond three months only directory? True, the language is prohibitory in saying that the case shall not be continued beyond three months; but I doubt gravely whether non-compliance with it would work a discontinuance of the case. I should hesitate long before so holding. Another question in this case is this: Two of the members of the county court were voted for at the same election, and their election was contested on the same grounds involved in the contest between Stafford and Sheppard. When Stafford presented his notice of contest and asked that it be filed and docketed Sheppard objected. It is urged, in justification of the refusal of the court to entertain the case, that two of the commissioners composing the court were interested. We cannot yield to the contention that they were so related to the case that they could not act. It is a fixed rule that an interested judge may pass any order necessary to bring the cause before the tribunal, where nothing is decided, controlling the case — mere orders to advance the cause for final hearing. Findley v. Smith, 42 W. Va. 299. But it is said that these commissioners could not pass on the objection made to the filing of the notice and docketing the case, be — 92 — cause that would involve questions going to the right to institute the case. Well, the statute above quoted is mandatory in requiring the docketing the case so as to bring it into being, and surely they could have done that. The notice could have been filed, objection to it stated on the record and that objection stand for future decision. I do not see but that a circuit judge, though interested, could do that much. That would not decide bn the objection to the proceeding. Surely the action of a circuit judge in simply filing a paper, or a motion, or to docket a case would not render his action irregular or void, because it would leave the whole matter open for decision by a competent judge. Those commissioners were bound to docket that notice, so as to bring the contest proceeding into being, and state the objection made by the contestee, or enter a motion to quash or dismiss. They were bound to do this much. Certainly the accidental circumstance of two commissioners being interested would not deny Stafford the right to be heard. To deny his motion to docket would likely have defeated any chance for him to be heard. Again, the Code gives him a right to an appeal against a partial judgment and that would be defeated. But, in the second place, we hold that those two commissioners were bound to do, not only so much as just indicated, but to decide that objection to the docketing of the notice, or any other matter and the full merits of the case, from the necessity of the particular case. The constitution, Art. 8, section 24, declares that the county court shall, in all cases of contest, judge of the election of all county officers. This makes the county court the sole judge of such contests. The Constitution, Art. 4, section 11, says that the legislature shall prescribe the manner of determing contested elections, and in the Code of 1899, chapter 6, the legislature has given sole and exclusive jurisdiction to the county court to try contested elections for county offices, and it could not have committed it to other hands than the county court. The law makes no provision for substituting another commissioner in place of an interested one, or for the transfer of the case to another tribunal, or any other mode of hearing when a commissioner is interested. If these commissioners did not act, then the contestant was denied justice, and that high and commanding, and I will add, sacred provision of the Consti — 93 — tution, Art. 3, section 17, would be violated, reading: “The courts of this state shall be open, and every person, for an - injury done to him, in his person, property or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law; and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay,” Those commissioners had to act from the very necessity of the case. Nobody else could act. That necessity constitutes an exception to the general rule that a judge cannot act in his own case. 17 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law, (2d. Ed.), 744. Furthermore, those commissioners were not so interested in the case as to forbid their acting in it. They were interested no farther than that the same question of law was common to this contest and their own. That is not enough to disqualify them. Coal Co. v. Doolittle, 54 W. Va. 210, which holds that in order to disqualify, the interest of the judge must be in the subject matter of the cause, and not merely in the legal question involved in it. The mere fact that the same facts or law arise in two cases will not, in law, prevent a judge from acting, because the decision in one case is not res judicata, either conclusive or even admissible in the other; The parties are not the same. Frequently a judge in such a case, out of mere delicacy or feeling of propriety within his own breast, declines to act; but he can act, indeed may be compelled to act by a suitor. But more clearly still, where the law provides no one else to try the case we cannot excuse these commissioners, and defeat a citizen’s right to a hearing 1 of his cause under the law of the land. Another question in the case is this. The Code of 1899, chapter 6, section 1, says that any one contesting an election of a county officer ‘ ‘shall, within ten days after the result of the election is declared, give notice in writing of such intention.” It is said in this case that the first declaration of the election was made long before the notice was served, much more than ten days; that the notice could have been given after the first declaration; that the notice which was presented to the court having been served more than ten days after the first declaration of result was too late. When, under the mandate of this Court, the county court reconvened and recounted the vote and declared the result, that last declaration was the effective one. It superseded the first. The first was then as if it never had been made. If we accord this last declara — 94 — tion any force at all, and we must, that force must be full force, and it nullifies the first declaration of result and stands itself as the only valid declaration of the result, and notice of contest served within ten days after’ that declaration is valid. We therefore award a peremptory mandcwnvs to the county court requiring it to file the said notice of contest and docket the proceeding and proceed to hear and determine the same according to law. It is hardly necessary to add that mcmdmius lies in such case. Richardson v. Farrar, 88 Va. 760; Morris ex parte, 11 Grat. 292; Roberts v. Paul, 50 W. Va. 528. Mdndcwmts Awa/i'ded.