Pelton v. Spider Lake Sawmill & Lumber Co.

WiNSlow, J. This is an action against the defendant (a foreign corporation), as indorser of two promissory notes for $1,074.58 and $1,448.98, respectively, with interest. The defense was that there was no consideration for the indorsement, and that the plaintiffs were not bona -fide holders. At. the close of the trial a verdict for the defendant was directed,, and from judgment thereon the plaintiffs appeal. Many of the facts were undisputed, and may be stated as follows: The plaintiffs, Pelton and Reid, are partners, and were such in July, 1898, engaged in the manufacture of lumber at Cheboygan, Michigan. At that time the firm of Wil-loughby & Hathway was engaged in selling lumber on commission, having a yard at Tonawanda, New York. July 13,, 1898, Pelton & Reid made a written contract with Wil-loughby & Hathway by which Pelton & Reid agreed to ship one or more cargoes of lumber to Willoughby & Hathway at Tonawanda, which the second party agreed to sell to customers, and to guaranty payment for all lumber sold, and render monthly statements of sales, accompanied with remit571 tanees for all lumber sold during tbe preceding month, the title to all of the lumber to remain in Pelton & Reid until sold. Other clauses in the contract provided that Willoughby & Hathway should advance the freight and insurance on the lumber, which was to be repaid to them by Pelton & Reid, and were to receive for their services in selling the lumber the sum of $1.75 per thousand feet; also, that in case Pelton & Reid became dissatisfied, or in case Willoughby & Hath-way failed to render accounts as agreed, Pelton & Reid should have the right to take possession of the lumber unsold, and all unpaid accounts, and dispose of the remaining lumber. Under this contract, and prior to October 1, 1898, about 2,000,000 feet of lumber, worth about $24,000, were received by Willoughby & Hathway at Tonawanda. Up to May, 1899, Willoughby & Hathway had accounted to the plaintiffs in money and notes for about $5,000 of the proceeds of this lumber sold. At Tonawanda a firm known as Calkins & Co. had a lumber yard adjoining the yard of Willoughby & Hathway, and one J. V. Smeaton was manager of the business. In June, 1898, the defendant corporation was organized by Wil-loughby & Hathway, Smeaton, and one Ellmaker for the purpose of transacting a lumber business, and of this corporation Ellmaker became president, Smeaton vice president, and Hathway secretary and treasurer, the active management of the corporation’s business being in the hands of Smeaton and Hathway. January 1, 1899, the defendant corporation rented the Willoughby & Hathway yard, then containing from one to two million feet of lumber, and also rented Cal-kins & Co.’s yard, containing several million feet of lumber. At this time the intention of the defendant was to transact a commission lumber business in these yards, beginning with the opening of navigation in the spring of 1899. The defendant did not purchase the lumber in the AYilloughby & Hath572 way yard at tbe time it rented tbe yard, but made an arrangement with Willoughby & Hathway by which, when that firm sold invoices of lumber, it shipped the lumber sold out of the yard to customers, receiving for its services thirty-five cents per thousand. It appears also that, when the defendant made sales of lumber, it took the same from the Willoughby & Hathway yard, and credited that firm for the lumber so taken, and that the amount so taken between January 1 and May 13, 1899, exceeded $13,000 in value. The exact amount of the Pelton & Eeid lumber which was in the yard at the time defendant took possession does not appear, but there was testimony tending to show that a considerable quantity of it was there. All the lumber in the yard was closed out by July or August, 1899. Hathway managed the firm business of Willoughby & Hathway, and Hathway and Smeaton together managed defendant’s business. In May, 1899, Willoughby & Hathway sent Pelton & Eeid by mail a four months’ note for $2,486.27, executed by the firm of Humphrey & Holdridge to the order of Willoughby & Hathway, and indorsed by them, and also indorsed in the name of the defendant by Hathway, and Pelton & Eeid credited the same to Willoughby & Hathway on their commission account. This note was not produced on the trial. Humphrey & Holdridge was a firm doing business at Honeoye Falls, New York, and the note was purely accommodation paper so far as they were concerned, given to the firm of Willoughby & Hathway; but Pelton & Eeid did not know this fact, and supposed the note to be for lumber sold to Humphrey & Hold-ridge. When this note came due it was not paid, but another accommodation note of Humphrey & Holdridge was mailed by Willoughby & Hathway to plaintiffs, and accepted by them in renewal of the former note. This last note was payable to the order of defendant, and indorsed in defendant’s corporate name by Hathway as treasurer, and also by Wil573 loughby & Hatbway, and -upon its receipt tbe note of April 29 th was surrendered. When tbis note became due it was renewed by tbe giving of tbe two notes in suit, wbicb were also accommodation notes executed by Humphrey & Holdridge to tbe order of tbe defendant, and indorsed in tbe defendant’s name by Hatbway as treasurer, and also by Willoughby & Hatbway, and due two and three months respectively from date. They have never been paid. Both Hatbway and Smeaton were accustomed to indorse commercial paper on behalf of tbe defendant. Willoughby & Hatbway became insolvent prior to June 1899, and Humphrey & Holdridge failed in tbe latter part of tbe same year.. Tbe plaintiffs made no investigation or inquiry at any time as to tbe in-dorsement of respondent on any of tbe notes, nor as to consideration therefor, nor as to tbe authority of Hatbway to use tbe corporate name. Tbe contention of respondent in the'' court below was that, tbe indorsement of tbe notes in suit by defendant was purely an accommodation indorsement, without consideration, wbicb Hatbway bad no power to make, and that tbe plaintiffs were not bona fide holders, because they received tbe paper for tbe individual debt of Willoughby & Hatbway, and were charged with notice that tbe indorsement of tbe defendant was without consideration and unauthorized. It is certainly true that an officer of a corporation, in tbe absence of special authority, has no power to execute accommodation paper in tbe corporate name, and that a person receiving such paper, either knowing or being charged with knowledge of tbe fact that it is accommodation paper, cannot bold tbe corporation. Doubtless, also, when a person receives a note for tbe debt of another, wbicb bears tbe indorsement of a third person or corporation not in tbe chain of title, be is charged with notice that tbe indorsement is an accommodation indorsement. West St. Louis S. Bank v. Shawnee Co. Bank, 95 U. S. 557; [574] Hiawatha Iron Co. v. John Strange P. Co. 106 Wis. 111, 81 N. W. 1034; Park Hotel Co. v. Fourth Nat. Bank, 86 Fed. 742. In tbe present ease it appeal’s that the original note of April 29th, of which the notes in suit were mere renewals, was delivered and received to apply upon the liability of Willoughby & Hathway on their commission contract. It appears by ITathway’s own testimony that it was executed by Humphrey & Holdridge as makers, and was payable to the order of Willoughby & Hathway, and that he indorsed the corporate name of the defendant upon it before delivery to the plaintiffs. Thus the note itself showed that the defendant corporation was not in the chain of title, and hence that its indorsement was presumptively an accommodation indorsement for the benefit of Willoughby & Hathway. 1 Bates, Partnership, § 358. If, therefore, the evidence in the case had shown that such indorsement was in fact without consideration, and made only for the accommodation of Wil-loughby & Hathway, there can be no doubt that the plaintiffs were rightly defeated, because the form of execution of the first note (upon which, manifestly, the entire question depends) was such as, under the principles stated, to give them notice of the character of the indorsement, and hence notice that it was unauthorized, at least unless special authority could be shown. It is true that the testimony of the witness Smeaton tended to show that the defendant corporation received no consideration for the indorsement of the note by Hathway in its name, and that the defendant was never indebted to Willoughby & Hathway nor to the plaintiffs, and, if this testimony stood alone, doubtless the judgment was right; but the witness Hathway testifies directly that the original note was given and indorsed with Smeaton’s knowledge, and that it in fact represented Pelton & Reid lumber bought by the defendant of Willoughby & Hathway. We are unable to say that this testimony was not credible. If true, [575] it undoubtedly formed a consideration for tbe indorsement of tbe note by tbe defendant, and tbe plaintiffs were certainly •entitled to have tbe question as to its truth submitted to tbe >ry. By tlie Gourt. — Judgment reversed, and action remanded for a new trial.