State Historical Society v. Foster

The following opinion was filed April 6, 1920: Vinje, J. It is evident that the primary purpose of'the testator was to pass his real estate to the lawful issue of his son, if any, to be paid such issue at the age of twenty-one years. It is also evident that failing such issue the estate vested in the plaintiff. Under, the scheme of the testator the duration of the trust period was uncertain. Except as to the annuity it was to be terminated by the occurrence of either of two events: first, by the arrival at majority of all the lawful issue of his son; second, by the death of his son without lawful issue.. The death of the son without marriage might occur at any time. This would terminate the trust.. The son might marry and yet die without lawful issue. This might occur at any time, and did in fact occur in October, 1916. This terminated the trust by the terms of the will. If his son left lawful issue, then the trust must be administered until such issue reached majority. It will therefore be seen that in all probability the trust period would be one of considerable duration. Hence the full power given the trustees to manage the estate and to change the form of assets. But nowhere in the will do we 'find 'any provision for the continuance of the trust except as to the annuity' beyond the contingencies mentioned therein, namely, death of the son without lawful issue, or arrival of lawful issue at majority. These fix the limit of duration of the trust period as expressed in paragraphs 10 and 11. [160] The trial court found that the estate did not vest with the right of possession in the plaintiff until the termination of the annuity to the widow. This conclusion, we think, is not sustained by the language of the will. In case of failure of lawful issue to the son there is a present absolute unrestricted devise of the estate to plaintiff and a direction that “the trust herein created shall cease.” It is true the annuity to the widow is a part of the trust, but it is quite evident that what the testator had in mind, when he said in the eleventh paragraph “then the trust created herein shall cease,” referred to the trust to plaintiff and not to the annuity or to any other trust created by the will; none other but the annuity was left. There would be some basis for construing the will to the effect that the annuity to the. widow ceased upon the death of the son without lawful issue; but both-plaintiff and trustee agree that.such should not be the construction. In view of the specific language in paragraph 9 that the annuity to the wife shall be paid “to the said wife until her death or remarriage, when all annuities shall cease,” we conclude that it was the intention of the testator that the widow should continue to receive the annuity after, the estate vested in the plaintiff. The duration of the annuity period is definitely fixed in paragraph 9 to be coterminous with widowhood or death, and such specific direction must be deemed to control the general language-in paragraph 11 to the effect that the “trust herein created shall cease.” The result is that upon the death of the son without lawful issue theestate vested in the plaintiff subject to the payment of the annuity to the widow. Counsel for the trustee argue that it was the meaning of subsection 3 in paragraph 9 that the annuity therein provided for to the wife should be paid her by the trustee. This, we think, is the natural construction of the language used. But such language cannot override the express provision that the estate shall vest in the plaintiff upon the death [161] of the son without lawful issue. Had the testator intended that the estate should be administered by the trustee until the annuity to the widow terminated he would not have used the language of a present devise and direction for a cessation of the trust that he did in paragraph 11. When many contingencies may occur, as there might under the terms of this will, it. is very difficult, if not impossible, to provide in detail just what shall be done in an administrative way under. each contingency as it may arise. Therefore, construing the language used as a direction to the trustee to pay the annuity to the widow, such provision in a case like this, where the chief object of the trust is to. place the corpus of the estate in a specified devisee upon the happening of a certain contingency, will be held to be directory merely and to permit the estate to pass to the cestui que trust charged with the payment thereof. The payment of the annuity, is the main things — who pays it out of the estate is -a mere incident yielding readily to the main purposes of the testator as disclosed by the whole scheme of the will. The facts show , that the cost of managing the trust estate will be less in the hands of the plaintiff than in those of the trustee, who, so far as the evidence shows, has managed the estate both efficiently and economically. It- is also apparent that testator was a strong supporter of plaintiff’s activities and that next to his own blood it stood highest in his affections. It is not to be supposed that, had he contemplated the contingencies that have happened, he intended to exclude .plaintiff from the possession of the estate for perhaps a quarter of a century or more for the sole purpose of having the trustee and not the plaintiff pay the annuity to the widow. The latter says she is perfectly willing to receive the annuity from plaintiff, if her interests are properly secured, and the trustee frankly states that the only interest he has in the matter is to see the will of the testator carried out. This is certainly, a laudable position for both to take, and it renders the labor of. the court pleasanter, since there is an elimination of per [162] sonal motives. In saying this the court is not unmindful of its duty to ascertain and carry out the intent of the testator as expressed in his will. Such intent is paramount, and overrides the views of both trustee and beneficiaries. But it is not amiss for the court to felicitate itself upon the rather unusual situation where the testator’s evident intent coincides with that of all parties concerned in the litigation. The trustee argues that plaintiff’s charter does not authorize it to act as a trustee. We shall not express any opinion upon this subject — but content ourselves with saying that, since it authorizes plaintiff to hold and manage property and to receive it by devise or gift, it certainly authorizes it to receive property by devise subject to reasonable lawful conditions, such as charged with the paying of an annuity during widowhood or life of a person. The payment of such an annuity is not the performance of trustee duties. It is a specific charge upon property passing by devise and may be executed by any one competent to receive property by devise. He also claims that, since the will provides that all the income from the estate after it passes to the .plaintiff must be used for the purposes of its organization, the payment of this annuity to the widow would run counter to the will because devoted to other purposes than those embraced within plaintiff’s charter. It is a sufficient answer to this to say that all the income of the estate is devoted to the purposes specified in the will, namely, the payment to the widow of the annuity and the balance for the use of plaintiff. When the plaintiff takes the estate subject to a charge created by the will it fulfils the mandate of the will when it uses all the income coming to it, over and above the charge, for the purpose specified. The sum necessary to produce the annuity never creates income for plaintiff till the payment of the annuity ceases as prescribed by the will. . Since the estate is valued at upwards of $380,000 and the annuity is only $2,000, and since we have held that the [163] estate, subject to the payment of the annuity, passed to plaintiff upon the death of the son without lawful issue, the question raised as to whether the will contemplates that the .annuity shall be paid out of anything but income becomes a moot question merely and need not be determined. The good faith and propriety of this litigation cannot be questioned as to either of the parties. Each is therefore entitled to recover his taxable costs in this court to be paid out of the trust estate. The part of the judgment of the trial court appealed from ' is reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to adjudge that it was the intent of the will that upon the death of. the son, George Thompson Burrows, without lawful issue the estate vested in the plaintiff subject to the payment by it of the annuity to the widow, and that it is entitled to the possession, management, and use thereof; that if the plaintiff and the widow shall concur in a reasonable provision for securing the payment of the annuity to her, such provision shall be incorporated in the judgment. Should they fail to do so, the trial court will determine the conditions of security, and if necessary take further evidence for such purpose. By the Court. — It is so ordered. A motion for a rehearing was denied, with $25 costs, on July 3, 1920.