Racine County v. Skow

BABLITCH, WILLIAM A., J. The Honorable Jon B. Skow (Judge Skow), circuit judge, Racine county, seeks review of a decision of the court of appeals which summarily reversed his order requiring the Racine County Human Services Department (De [486] partment) to produce certain information concerning all foster care placements in the county.1 We conclude that a judge of a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under The Children’s Code, ch. 48, Stats., has the statutory power to order investigations and reports relating to any problem the judge reasonably believes exists in the foster care program if the order is triggered by information received while handling a particular case before the judge. The judge must delineate the reasons for the court’s request in the order which is subject to review for abuse of discretion. Accordingly, we reverse the court of appeals. The events which preceded Judge Skow’s order and prompted its issuance are as follows. Effective August 1, 1982, Judge Skow was assigned to hear juvenile matters in the Racine county circuit court. The assignment was effective for two years. On April 16, 1984, Judge Skow, pursuant to a temporary physical custody request filed by the Department, ordered temporary physical custody of J.A., a 16 year old girl, and approved her placement in a foster home. After a hearing on probable cause for detention, the court found that J.A. had been kicked out of her father’s house and her mother would not take her. On April 18,1984, the Department filed a CHIPS petition alleging that the child’s father was unable to provide the necessary special care for the child and that neither the child’s mother, father nor any of her relatives wanted to have her live with them. The CHIPS petition also alleged that J.A. had been having a sexual relationship with a 32 year old man. [487] After a hearing on April 24, 1984, Judge Skow ordered continued temporary physical custody of J.A. in foster care pending a factfinding hearing scheduled for May 21, 1984. On May 16, 1984, J.A.’s social worker filed a notice of change of foster care placement which indicated that the foster care parents with whom J.A. was placed in April requested that she be removed from their care "because she was not following the rules.” J.A. was placed in another foster home but ran away and was apprehended on May 17, 1984. A hearing on J.A.’s runaway status was held on May 18. It was revealed that the foster mother to whom J.A. had been assigned in April was the sister of the 32 year old man with whom J.A. was alleged to have had a sexual relationship. Testimony of the foster parents and J.A.’s social worker established that J.A. had suggested that particular foster care placement to her social worker at the prompting of her boyfriend. Though J.A.’s social worker did not know of the family relationship between the foster mother and J.A.’s male friend, he found out within several days. Nonetheless, the social worker did not seek removal of J.A. from the foster home; rather he instructed the foster parents to keep J.A. and the foster mother’s brother apart. The foster parents subsequently requested removal of J.A. because they could not keep her from seeing the man. Upon discovering these facts, Judge Skow expressed to J.A.’s social worker and a Department supervisor his displeasure with their handling of J.A.’s case. He ordered the Department to furnish certain information concerning foster parents and children in the county. The Department was to provide the information within 10 days. The Depart [488] ment objected to the order arguing that the court had no jurisdiction to issue it. Ten days following the order’s issuance, Racine county filed a motion to vacate it. The court denied the motion and restated its order, providing the Department an additional 24 hours to comply. Instead of complying, the Department appealed the order. The court of appeals reversed Judge Skow’s order because it concluded that he was sitting as the juvenile court judge by specific assignment to J.A.’s case and therefore his authority extended only to the particular case before him. Two issues are presented in this appeal. First, did the court of appeals err in reversing the circuit court order on the grounds that Judge Skow presided by virtue of a specific assignment to the case rather than a judge of a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under The Children’s Code. Second, does ch. 48, Stats., give a juvenile court judge the power to require a county human services department to prepare a comprehensive report on foster case placements; if so, does the grant of such power violate the separation of powers doctrine. The first issue raised in this appeal, whether the court of appeals erred in concluding Judge Skow was not sitting as a judge of a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under The Children’s Code at the time he issued the order, is easily resolved. Contrary to the court of appeals’ conclusion, Judge Skow was at the time he issued the order the judge assigned to juvenile matters. We take judicial notice of the order, effective August 1, 1982, signed by Chief Judge John C. Ahlgrimm, assigning Judge Skow to hear juvenile matters. Judge Skow’s juvenile court assignment [489] ended on July 30, 1984, at which time he was reassigned to hear other matters. Given Judge Skow was assigned to hear juvenile cases, the court of appeals’ conclusion that Judge Skow had no authority to issue the order because he was not the judge assigned to exercise jurisdiction under ch. 48, Stats., cannot be sustained. Thus, we must reach the second issue, i.e., whether a judge of a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under The Children’s Code has the power to require a county human services department to prepare a comprehensive report on foster care placements and the related question of whether the grant of such power to the courts violates the separation of powers doctrine. If Judge Skow did not have this power, the order constituted an error of law and therefore an abuse of discretion. Whether there has been an abuse of discretion depends upon the construction of ch. 48, Stats, i.e., does ch. 48 grant judges the power to order a county social service department to provide a comprehensive report on foster placements? The construction of a statute is a question of law which the court decides independently without deference to the determinations of the trial court and court of appeals. Demars v. LaPour, 123 Wis. 2d 366, 370, 366 N.W.2d 891 (1985). Chapter 48, Stats., confers on the court "exclusive original jurisdiction” over children in need of protection and treatment. Section 48.13. More specifically, judges of courts assigned to exercise jurisdiction under The Children’s Code are authorized to place children found to be in need of protection or services in foster care where necessary to protect the child’s well being. [490] Sections 48.34(3)(c), 48.345 and 48.355(1). The statutes also require continued supervision of such placements by the court. See sec. 48.357. The statutes direct county social service departments to provide certain services to the court to assist it in performing these functions and the many others required by the statute. See secs. 48.06(2), 48.067(8) and (9), 48.069(1)(e) and 48.08(1). Section 48.08(1), Stats., the statutory authority Judge Skow relies on to support his order, directs the following: "It is the duty of each person appointed to furnish services to the court as provided in secs. 48.06 and 48.07 to make such investigations and exercise such discretionary powers as the judge may direct, to keep a written record of such investigations and to submit a report to the judge. Such person shall keep informed concerning the conduct and condition of the child under his supervision and shall report thereon as the judge directs.” Section 48.08(1). Section 48.069(1)(e), also relied on by Judge Skow, orders the county social service department to: "[p]erform any other functions consistent with this chapter which are ordered by the court.” In addition we note that sec. 48.067(9) directs county social service department intake workers to "[pjerform any other functions ordered by the court, and assist the court... in ... carrying out its other duties when the court or chief judge so requests.” Section 48.067(9). While it is clear from the plain language of the statute, particularly sec. 48.01(1), Stats., that social service departments must make reports and perform [491] investigative services for the court, the statute does not specify the scope of the reports they must furnish and investigations they must conduct. Because this is unclear this court will ascertain the legislature’s intent from the "scope, history, context, subject matter and object..of ch. 48. Ball v. District No. 4, Area Board, 117 Wis. 2d 529, 538, 345 N.W.2d 389. We note also that the intent of sec. 48.01(1) must be derived from the act as a whole. E.g., Standard Theatres v. Transportation Dept., 118 Wis. 2d 730, 740, 349 N.W.2d 661 (1984). We note that sec. 48.01, specifically requires that the chapter be liberally construed to effect the objectives set forth in sec. 48.01. Chapter 48 confers on the courts broad jurisdiction over children. See secs. 48.12 through 48.18. See also Legislative Council Memorandum, Wis. Stat. Ann. ch. 48, sub-chapter III (West 1979). The statute contemplates a substantial role for juvenile courts and judges in implementing the objectives of the statute. For example, judges are directed not only to determine the disposition of cases involving children in need of protection or services, secs. 48.335 and 48.34, Stats., but also to formulate the written policies governing child welfare intake procedures and even when necessary to act as intake workers. Sections 48.06(2) and 48.10. In addition, judges are also required to decide on placements and treatment which will maintain and protect the well being of children under the court’s jurisdiction. Section 48.34, Stats. The judge is also charged by statute with continuing supervision of children adjudged in need of protection or services. See, e.g., secs. 48.363, 48.365 and 48.64(4)(c). It is not surprising, given the substantial duties imposed on the courts, that the legislature has directed social [492] service departments to assist the court in performing those duties. The legislature undoubtedly recognized that the court must have complete information to adequately perform its myriad of duties and it therefore designated the social service department to maintain and provide such information upon request. See secs. 48.08(1), 48.33, 48.067, 48.069 and 48.59. Without such information, the purposes of the statute could not be accomplished. We conclude based on our construction of the statute that the scope of the social service department’s duty to provide information must be coextensive with the judge’s duties under the statute. This is the only way to assure that the court has the means necessary to perform its statutory duties and to effectuate the objectives of the statute. If, for example, a judge in reviewing a case discovers deficiencies in the provision of services to children, it is the judge’s duty to make further inquiries. Because the statute directs courts to provide continued supervision of child placements and treatment, the judge is obligated to make such inquiries. Accordingly, the social service department must assist the judge in determining the exact nature and extent of the problem discovered by the court while resolving the case before it. Thus, if in the course of resolving a specific case the judge detects potentially far reaching problems in the care and protection of children in the county, it is within the judge’s discretion to order social service departments to prepare comprehensive reports and conduct investigations. The judge must delineate the reasons for the court’s request in the order. This will discourage the [493] issuance of unnecessarily broad information requests and facilitate appellate review of the court’s exercise of discretion. In this case Judge Skow has not set forth in the order his reasons for requesting the information relating to all foster care placements in the county. Thus, this court cannot review his action to determine whether he has abused his discretion. Although J. A. is now over 18 years of age and may no longer be subject to the jurisdiction of the court, see sec. 48.12, Stats., we cannot assume that the problems to which the order was presumably directed have been resolved. We therefore remand the case so Judge Skow can delineate the reasons supporting his order to the Department to furnish information concerning foster parents and children in the county, including the circumstances in the J.A. case which gave rise to the order. We also hold that the legislature’s grant of power to the judiciary to order reports and investigations relating to children in need of protection and services does not violate the separation of powers requirement of the Wisconsin Constitution.2 This court has previously described the doctrine as follows: [494] "The Wisconsin constitution creates three separate coordinate branches of government, no branch subordinate to the other, no branch to arrogate to itself control over the other except as is provided by the constitution, and no branch to exercise the power committed by the constitution to another.” State v. Holmes, 106 Wis. 2d 31, 42, 315 N.W.2d 703 (1981). We have previously held that this doctrine is not absolute. "The separation of powers doctrine states the principle of shared, rather than completely separated powers. The doctrine envisions a government of separated branches sharing certain powers.” Id. at 43. To find a separation of powers violation the court must find that the exercise of power by one branch of government "unduly burden or substantially interfere with the other branch’s exercise of its power.” In Matter of Complaint Against Grady, 118 Wis. 2d 762, 775, 348 N.W.2d 559 (1984). Racine county contends that the legislative grant of power to the judiciary to issue comprehensive orders concerning children in foster care interferes with the executive branch’s, i.e., the Department’s, "purely administrative function of licensing, training [495] and working with foster homes and foster care.” Appellant’s court of appeals brief p. 12 (May 16,1986). They argue that the statute therefore violates the separation of powers requirement of the Wisconsin Constitution. We disagree. The statute envisions a cooperative effort between the court and county social service departments to effectuate its purposes. See secs. 48.06, 48.33, 48.34, 48.57(1)(a) and (f) and 48.64, Stats. Thus, judicial and executive branches share certain power as is contemplated by the separation of powers doctrine. E.g., Holmes, 106 Wis. 2d at 42-43. In addition, the statute requires county agencies providing child welfare services to supervise placements and treatment and to obtain and retain certain information concerning the children to whom they provide services. See, e.g., secs. 48.33 and 48.64. Because a judge in ordering information concerning children receiving child welfare services is only requesting information which the agency is required to maintain, we conclude the statute imposes no substantial interference. or undue burden on department operations. By the Court. — Decision of the court of appeals is reversed and the cause is remanded to the circuit court for proceedings consistent with this opinion. Footnotes [1] The order was issued in In the Interest ofJ.A., a person under the age of 18 years, case no. 84-JV-321, a CHIPS (child in need of protection or services) proceeding under ch. 48, Stats. [2] Although not expressly stated the separation of powers doctrine is implicitly created by the following constitutional provisions: “The legislative power shall be vested in a senate and assembly.” Article IV, sec. 1, Wis. Const. "The executive power shall be vested in a governor ....” Article V, sec. 1, Wis. Const. "The judicial power of this state shall be vested in a unified court system consisting of one supreme court, a court of appeals, a circuit court, such trial courts of general uniform statewide jurisdiction as the legislature may create by law, and a municipal [494] court if authorized by the legislature_” Article VII, sec. 2, Wis. Const. "The supreme court shall have superintending and administrative authority over all courts.” Article VII, sec. 3(1), Wis. Const. "The chief justice of the supreme court shall be the administrative head of the judicial system and shall exercise this administrative authority pursuant to procedures adopted by the supreme court. The chief justice may assign any judge of a court of record to aid in the proper disposition of judicial business in any court of record except the supreme court.” Article VII, sec. 4(3), Wis. Const.