State v. Rausch

OPINION STONEBURNER, Judge. The state appeals the district court’s downward departure from the statutory mandate that a person convicted of burgla [21] ry of an occupied dwelling must be committed to the commissioner of corrections or county workhouse for not less than six months, arguing that the district court lacks authority to depart downward from the mandatory sentence. We conclude that the district court erred by failing to impose the mandatory-minimum sentence for burglary of an occupied dwelling and reverse. FACTS Following a dispute with her ex-boyfriend outside the ex-boyfriend’s home, respondent Sarah DeAnn Rausch entered the home without consent, assaulted the ex-boyfriend, and damaged his vehicle. Rausch was charged with two counts of burglary, one count of harassment, and one count of assault. Rausch pleaded guilty to first-degree burglary of an occupied dwelling under Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. 1(a). Rausch’s presumptive sentence under the Minnesota sentencing guidelines was 21 months, stayed. But Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. la, requires that “[a] person convicted of committing burglary of an occupied dwelling ... must be committed to the commissioner of corrections or county workhouse for not less than six months.” Under the terms of a plea agreement, the remaining charges were dismissed, and the state agreed to a stay of imposition of sentence with the understanding that Rausch would be asking the district court to depart from the mandatory-minimum sentence and allow her to serve any jail time in alternative programs.1 At sentencing, the state argued that a sentence of either six months in the workhouse or commitment to the commissioner of corrections was mandatory, and Rausch argued that the district court could exercise its discretion to sentence without regard to the mandatory-minimum sentence. The district court agreed with Rausch. The district court stayed imposition and placed Rausch on probation for ten years, conditioned on serving 60 days in the workhouse, with 15 days to be served in custody, and the remaining days to be served in alternative service. The state appeals, arguing that the district court lacks authority to modify the six-month mandatory-minimum sentence contained in Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. la. ISSUE Does a district court have authority to modify the mandatory-minimum sentence contained in Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. la, for a conviction of burglary of an occupied dwelling? ANALYSIS “[C]ourts have no inherent authority to impose terms or conditions of sentence for criminal acts and ... the power to prescribe punishment for such acts rests with the legislature.” State v. Olson, 325 N.W.2d 13, 17 (Minn.1982). “A criminal sentence that is contrary to the requirements of the applicable sentencing statute is unauthorized by law.” State v. Cook, 617 N.W.2d, 417, 419 (Minn.App.2000), review denied (Minn. Nov. 1, 2000). Whether a statute has been properly construed is a question of law subject to de novo review. State v. Murphy, 545 N.W.2d 909, 914 (Minn.1996). Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. la, provides: A person convicted of committing burglary of an occupied dwelling, as defined in subdivision 1, clause (a), must be committed to the commissioner of correc [22] tions or county workhouse for not less than six months. When a statute is not ambiguous, it must be given its plain meaning. State v. Al-Naseer, 734 N.W.2d 679, 684 (Minn.2007). There is no ambiguity in Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. la. A person convicted of burglary of an occupied dwelling, as defined in Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. 1(a), must be committed for six months to either the commissioner of corrections or the workhouse. When the legislature uses the word “must,” it intends for a statute to impose a mandatory condition, “unless another intention clearly appears.” Minn. Stat. § 645.44, subds. 1, 15a (2010). Here, no other intention appears. At sentencing, Rausch, citing Olson, argued that the district court has “discretion sua sponte to sentence without regard to” statutory mandatory-minimum sentences. But Olson states that “the legislature may restrict the exercise of judicial discretion in sentencing, such as by providing for mandatory sentences.” 325 N.W.2d. at 18. The sentencing statute involved in Olson, containing mandatory-minimum sentences for certain offenses involving firearms, specifically provided authority to the district court to sentence without regard to the mandatory-minimum sentence, but only on the prosecutor’s motion. Id. at 15. The supreme court held in Olson that the legislature cannot constitutionally give “the power to initiate sentencing without regard to statutory mínimums” solely to the prosecutor, and interpreted the statute “to give courts and prosecutors alike the power to initiate sentencing without regard to statutory mínimums.” Id. at 19. Olson does not stand for the proposition that a district court has discretion to depart from every statutory mandatory-minimum sentence. On appeal, Rausch argues that Minn.Stat. § 609.583 gives the district court authority to sentence without regard to the mandatory-minimum sentence because this is Rausch’s first conviction of burglary of a dwelling.2 Minn.Stat. § 609.583 provides: Except as provided in section 609.582, subdivision la, in determining an appropriate disposition for a first offense of burglary of a dwelling, the court shall presume that a stay of execution with at least a 90-day period of incarceration as a condition of probation shall be imposed unless the defendant’s criminal history score determined according to Sentencing Guidelines indicates a presumptive executed sentence, in which case the presumptive executed sentence shall be imposed unless the court departs from the Sentencing Guidelines pursuant to section 244.10. A stay of imposition of sentence may be granted only if accompanied by a statement on the record of the reasons for it. The presumptive period of incarceration may be waived in whole or in part by the court if the defendant provides restitution or performs community work service. Rausch argues that the exception provision in section 609.582, subdivision la, applies only to the first sentence of section 609.583, and does not preclude waiver of the presumptive period of incarceration. We disagree. Generally, section 609.583 provides for a district court’s discretionary departure from presumptive sentences when sentencing people convicted of burglary. Minn. Stat. § 609.583. Rausch asserts that only [23] the first sentence of section 609.583 is a bar to departure under section 609.582, subdivision la, and that the second two sentences of section 609.583 allow for a stay of imposition for any sentence arising from a burglary conviction. But the statute is stated in a single paragraph that is not subdivided or separated by conjunctions and should be read as a whole. See Munger v. State, 749 N.W.2d 335, 338 (Minn.2008) (stating that a statute’s several parts will be found to be disjunctive when “signified by the disjunctive conjunction ‘or’ and separated by a comma”). Additionally, specific statutory provisions control general provisions when the two are in conflict. MinmStat. § 645.26, subd. 1 (2010). Therefore, to the extent that there is any conflict between the provisions of sections 609.582, subdivision la, and section 609.583, the specific provision for sentences for the crime of burglary of an occupied dwelling controls. We conclude that the district court erred when it ruled that Minn.Stat. § 609.583 granted it authority to depart from the statutory-mandatory-minimum sentence contained in Minn.Stat. § 609.582, subd. la. Rausch argues that the state’s position on appeal is contrary to the position it took in negotiating Rausch’s plea agreement when it agreed that Rausch could ask the district court to impose less than six months in jail. Rausch argues that “if the state believed that the district court could not impose less than 180 days of local incarceration because of MinmStat. § 609.582, subd. la, then it should not have promised [Rausch] that she could make that request to the court in an effort to induce her to plead guilty.” Rausch correctly notes that our holding may give rise to a motion to withdraw her plea as not voluntary or intelligent, but that is not an issue involved in this appeal. DECISION Because the legislature has not granted the district court the discretion to sentence ■without regard to the mandatory-minimum sentence contained in MinmStat. § 609.582, subd. la, the district court erred by failing to impose on Rausch the mandatory-minimum sentence for burglary of an occupied dwelling. Reversed and remanded. Footnotes [1] The written plea petition references “E Hom, CWS, & OOC STS.” [2] Rausch did not make this specific argument to the district court, but the district court's stated rationale for sentencing without regard to the mandatory-minimum sentence can be read to imply that the district court had Minn. Stat. § 609.583 in mind.