Boeckler Lumber Co. v. Cherokee Realty Co.

GOODE, J. (after stating the facts). — Appellant contends it should have had judgment for the reasonable value per thousand feet of all the material furnished, less payments and also less $140, the difference between the Darlington Lumber Company’s bid and the reasonable value of the material appellant furnished. The theory is this: Vrooman would have accepted the Dar-lington Company’s bid but for the error-in appellant’s proposal, whereby it was reduced below the Darlington Company’s, and as the latter’s was $140 less than the — 715 — proof shows was the reasonable value of the material sold- by appellant, Yrooman ought to get the benefit of that difference, but should derive no further benefit from appellant’s error in computation. In support of this idea it is insisted no contract was formed by the acceptance of appellant’s bid, because it was made upon a mistake of fact, which, by a clause of the proposal, was subject to correction. Yrooman’s call for bids contained a list of the different pieces of lumber of various dimensions which he needed for his house, but said nothing about the quantity of feet the items would contain, or the prices of the several kinds of lumber wanted. He asked for lump offers, without reference to the quantities in the items or the total quantity or separate prices. Appellant responded to this proposal by offering to furnish all the lumber mentioned in the list for so much money, and the acceptance of this bid made a complete contract, for the minds of the parties had met on the essential elements of a contract. Vrooman asked for an offer to sell him the lumber, including l',800 pieces 2"x4,/x20/; appellant offered to sell and intended to sell the whole list for a stated price, and Yrooman accepted. We see no element of the contract on which the minds of these parties failed to meet. To speak in hackneyed phrase, they assented to the same thing in the same sense. Appellant’s proposal conformed. to respondents’ requirement in respect of the bids to be submitted and was accepted unconditionally. [Wald’s Pollock, Contracts (3 Ed.), top page 582; Scott v. Davis, 141 Mo. 213, 225.] This subject is illuminated in the treatise just cited in the chapter on Mistake. As peculiarly apropos to this case we refer to top pages 605, et seq. and will quote two excerpts from the first of said pages: “If the proposal is misunderstood by the acceptor, it is for him to show that the misunderstanding was reasonable. ‘Where there has been no misrepresentation, and where there is no ambiguity in the terms of the — 716 — contract, tbe defendant cannot be allowed to evade tbe performance of it by tbe simple statement that be bas made a mistake.’ A makes an offer to B to take a lease of a named farm, specifying as its contents land amounting to 250 acres; B’s agent, wbo meant to invite offers for only 200 acres, accepts A’s offer without examining its particulars. Here there is a contract binding on B, and A is entitled to specific performance to the extent of B’s power to give it, with a proportionate reduction of tbe rent. “If, on the other band, the proposal is by accident wrongly expressed, tbe proposer must show that tbe acceptor could not reasonably have supposed it in its actual form to convey the proposer’s real intention. This occurred in Webster v. Cecil (30 Beav. 62) where tbe defendant sent a written offer to sell property and wrote l',100£ for 2.100£ by mistake in a hurried addition of items performed on a separate piece of paper. This paper was kept by him and produced to tbe court. On receiving tbe acceptance be discovered tbe mistake and at once gave notice of it. It appeared that tbe plaintiff bad reason to know tbe real value of tbe property. Under tbe circumstances specific performance was refused. The case is explained by James L. J.* as one ‘where a person snapped at an offer which be must have perfectly well known to be made by mistake.’ ” Where one party makes a proposition in terms which would induce a reasonable man to think it was meant as written, and tbe other party accepts, a contract is formed regardless of tbe mistakes, or even the intention of one of tbe parties. This is tbe general rule of law, though perhaps exceptions to it might occur. [See authorities cited in Embry v. Dry Goods Co., 127 Mo. App. 383.] Appellant’s assent to the agreement was due to an arithmetical error which one of its employees bad fallen into in a computation made to enable appellant to bid intelligently; but of this mistake Yrooman knew nothing, nor do we find reason to — 717 — think he was remiss in not detecting it. The quantity of feet in each item was written by appellant’s employee opposite the item, but as Yrooman had called for one bid for the whole list and was accustomed to buy by the piece and not by feet, he had no interest in the number of feet in the item. That the figures indicated a deficiency in the quantity of feet in the disputed item, was a fact too likely to escape his notice, for him to be held negligent in not detecting the mistake, and he said he neither detected it nor even noticed the number of feet. The first three blanks at the head of the side of the proposal kept by appellant, implied a duty on the part of whomsoever made the bid, to verify the items and the feet and price extensions. The secretary, Boeckler, testified: “I signed this bid, did not check or look it over — -I look over the dollars and cents and take it for granted everything is all right; that those figures were based on the list of lumber required for the building, and which was submitted to us by Mr. Yrooman— . . . I bid $1,960 for the lumber included in that estimate.” Carelessness in omitting to verify the feet extensions well might have been ascribed by the court below to appellant and not to respondent, if it was a material circumstance. Stress is laid on this sentence of the bid: “Errors in extension and footing are subject to correction.” If on a true view, these words were part of appellant’s offer, the legal result is not that no contract was formed by respondent’s acceptance, because of an ambiguity on the face of the offer, but that a contract was formed which embraced a stipulation to correct mistakes. It is unreasonable to say the parties meant to stipulate for a correction of errors occurring in the total price of some item, or in adding all the totals of prices, not only because Yrooman had asked for a lump bid without regard to prices or quantity of feet, but because neither the prices per thousand feet of the items, or the total price of each, or the sum of the totals, was handed — 718 — to him. To say these might be altered, thereby increasing the amount of the bid after he had accepted it, would be equivalent to saying he agreed to accept a bid blindly and without knowing how much it might turn out to be. No such purpose was entertained by the parties. It may be argued more plausibly Yrooman agreed to a correction in the extension of the quantities of feet in the different items, because those quantities were shown on the part of the paper handed to him. We think this argument is unsound for these reasons: Yrooman had requested a round bid for all the pieces of different kinds of lumber listed by him. Presumably his purposes were to learn what his bill for lumber for the building would be, and avoid taking* separate bids for the different items and, perchance, buying from several dealers. He had made no demand for a bid by feet or a statement of the feet called for in any or all the items; and because appellant chose to insert the feet in its proposal, it does not follow the offer was to sell by feet. The secretary swore he bid to furnish the lumber included in the list, and as showing its understanding of what it had agreed to do, we point to the fact that appellant furnished 1,800 pieces instead of 180, or 2,400 feet. The evidence demonstrates, we think, the intention of appellant was to make a bid which would be good regardless of the feet to be furnished, and that it computed the feet only for its own information and as the basis for an estimate. Respondent accepted upon the same theory.' The proposal was made on a printed form, and we think the words in question were intended to apply to estimates in which prices were set opposite the items, then added' and the whole submitted to customers to be considered1 in passing on the bid. If the foregoing conclusion does not follow inevitably from all the facts, the trial court was1 warranted to find it from the facts, as this contract ought to be interpreted with reference to the situ — 719 — ation and conditions under which it was made. [Black River Lumber Co. v. Warner, 93 Mo. 374.] Our views are these': first, an agreement was entered into by the parties; second, the court below was justified in finding this agreement was that appellant should supply respondent with' all the pieces of lumber listed by the latter, for $1,960, and without reference to the quantity of feet the various kinds would include; third, the bid was not understood by the parties to be subject to increase to correct an error made in computing the number of feet in any item; fourth, there was no patent ambiguity on the face- of the bid which prevented the minds of the parties from meeting on the. essentials of a contract; fifth, the call for feet opposite the items did not prevail over the number of pieces of lumber appellant agreed to furnish. It follows from the last two propositions the requested instructions were rightly refused. Can appellant have relief from the contract because of the mistake which induced it? Several matters are to be considered in connection with this inquiry. The action is assumpsit and at law instead of in equity; and if instances have occurred in which courts of law relieved against contracts due to a mistake of fact, they are very rare and based on exceptional circumstances not appearing in the present case. Commonly, if not universally, such relief must be sought in a court of equity. Perchance if appellant had framed a petition in the nature of a bill in equity, setting forth the facts and asking relief, he might have stated a case, though we do not pass on this question, having no occasion to do so. Another fact to be taken into account is this: Error was not detected until the contract had been fully executed, except paying for the lumber, and it would be impossible on a rescission of the agreement, to put the parties in statu quo. The mistake was not mutual, for Vrooman was not attending to the number of feet nor was he bound to attend to it. The mistake was — 720 — not at all due to tbe fault of Vrooman, .but entirely to appellants. Neither is this a case of snapping up an offer which the party knows was made inadvertently, as in Singer v. Match Co., 117 Ga. 86, and Harram v. Foley, 62 Wis. 584. In an extended research we ha.ve found no authority for the proposition that the contract should not be enforced against appellant as made, and have found quite pertinent authorities for the proposition that it should be. [McCormack v. Lynch, 69 Mo. App. 524; DuBois Borough v. Water Works, 176 Pa. St. 430; Steltheimer v. Killip, 75 N. Y. 282; Rayburn v. Denver, 8 Mo. 104.] Every case cited in the brief for appellant or which we have run across in our investigation, where relief was granted against a contract due to an error of fact, was a suit in equity; and, moreover, the conditions of the cases were more auspicious for the careless party than are those presented here. That is to say, the contract was either still executory, or the mistake was mutual, or it was possible to restore the original status, or some other peculiarity existed to warrant relief in chancery. Probably it would be impossible to state accurately and comprehensively, and certainly it would be dangerous to try to state, the limit in which the jurisdiction of chancery to relieve against the consequences of a mistake of fact, will be exercised. These cases will throw light on the question and demonstrate that appellant can have no relief at law. [Leitensdorfer v. Delphy, 15 Mo. 160; Hook v. Craighead, 32 Mo. 405; Miles v. Stevens, 45 Am. Dec. 62, and notes; School Comrs. v. Bender, 36 Ind. App. 164; Moffett, etc., Co. v. Rochester, 178 U. S. 373; Neill v. Railroad, 20 Law Times Rep. (n. s.) 864.] The judgment is affirmed. All concur.