Westminister Laundry Co. v. Hesse Envelope Co.

NORTON!, J. This is a suit for damages, m which plaintiff recovered a verdict for one dollar. On this verdict, judgment was given, and defendant prosecutes an appeal therefrom. . All of the relevant facts appear from the face of the petition, and the question of liability is to be determined thereon. It appears that the plaintiff, the defendant and the D’Arcy Advertising Company are each corporations engaged in their respective callings in the city of St. Louis. Plaintiff owns and is engaged in the business of operating a steam laundry. Defendant is engaged in the business of manufacturing envelopes. The D’Arcy Advertising, Company is engaged in the advertising business — that is to say, it places advertisement in St. Louis for those who choose to patronize it. The plaintiff laundry company engaged the D’Arcy Advertising Company to do certain — 240 — advertising for it by running what is known as a-“blind” advertisement. Such “blind” advertisement is described in the petition as follows: “The fundamental idea of same (the ‘blind’ advertisement) being the use of some striking device well adapted to attract public attention, but unaccompanied,, upon its first appearance, by the name of the advertiser using it, other matter, being added later and the' name of the advertiser, also, being given when the curiosity of the public had been sufficiently piqued and the attention of the public has been excited by the ‘blind’ nature of the advertisement.” The striking device referred to in the quotation from the petition and that contemplated in the instant case is the word “Stopurkieken.” The petition avers that plaintiff entered into a contract with the D’Arcv Advertising Company whereby it was to have the exclusive use of the word “Stopurkieken;” that the D’Arcy Advertising Company, in pursuance of plaintiff’s plan, had the word “Stopurkieken” published upon signboards and by way of printed cards. After the word “Stopurkieken” had been so used and before plaintiff had time to determine upon a proper supplement to such advertisement to disclose its own name and identity, the defendant, Hesse Envelope Company, well knowing the word “Stopurkieken” was being used in the manner mentioned and desiring to take advantage of the word “Stopurkieken,” as above described, printed and distributed throughout the city of St. Louis a large number of cards bearing the word “Stopurkieken” and followed by the name of the Hesse Envelope Company. Because this use of the word by defendant, Hesse Envelope Company, plaintiff avers it is damaged and prays a recovery therefor. It is said the word “Stopurkieken” is an attractive misspelling and contraction of the phrase “Stop your kicking,” designed to excite public curiosity. It is obvious the petition states no cause of action against — 241 — defendant unless the word “Stopurkicken” is either a trade-mark in which plaintiff enjoys a proprietary right, or is possessed of a secondary meaning, which, by user, has become a part of the good will of plaintiff’s business, otherwise the word is publici juris and available to every person desiring to employ it identically as is the original phrase of which it is a contraction. ^From the affirmative averments of the petition, it is entirely clear plaintiff enjoyed no trademark in the word under consideration.^ Indeed, the cause does not proceed upon that theory. Plaintiff is engaged in the laundry business, which, of course, is that of washing and ironing for others. There is no suggestion in the petition that the word “Stopurkicken ’’ was in any manner annexed to plaintiff’s wares or the output of its laundry. Infringement of a trade-mark consists in the unauthorized use or colorable imitation of it upon substituted goods of the same class as those for which the mark has been appropriated. [38 Cyc. 741.] The petition reveals that plaintiff had not yet employed the word in any manner so as to identify it with its business, for it says, though a contract had been entered into between plaintiff and the D’Arcy Advertising Company for the use of the word and it had been employed in blank space on signboards and on cards, plaintiff had not yet revealed its identity in connection therewith. Defendant is engaged in the manufacture and sale of envelopes and used the word on an advertising card followed immediately by the name Hesse Envelope Company. These facts appearing as they do in the petition, sufficiently disclose that no proprietary right as in trade-mark existed in the plaintiff in respect of the word “Stopurkicken.” Not only must an exclusive proprietary right appear in the trade-mark but the actual use of the trade-mark is essential as a means of identifying the origin, ownership or manufacture — 242 — of the goods of its proprietor, and, furthermore, such trade-mark must he annexed to and accompany the goods into the market to the end of their identification. [See Grocers Journal Co. v. Midland Publishing Co., 127 Mo. App. 356, 366, 105 S. W. 310; 38 Cyc. 691, 693.] Unless the word or insignia relied upon is in some manner attached or affixed to the article in trade or stamped or inscribed thereon, it is not a trade-mark and the maker of such article is without trade-mark rights concerning it. [See Oakes v. St. Louis Candy Co., 146 Mo. 391, 48 S. W. 467; St. Louis Piano Mfg. Co. v. Merkel, 1 Mo. App. 305.] (It is entirely clear that, defendant, in using the word “Stopurkielcen” in connection with advertising its envelopes, was not infringing upon plaintiff’s laundry business, for the wares or commodities of the two companies are entirely dissimilar. But aside from this, it appears affirmatively that the plaintiff had never used the word in connection with the output of its laundry. It had, therefore, obtained no proprietary right thereto by continued use through affixing it to the workmanship of its laundry turned out into the market. For the same reasons, in part at least, no secondary right to the use of the phrase appears in plaintiff by user such as is essential to render it a portion of the good will of its laundry business as if reputation \ obtained thereon. It is certain that the ease may not ! be sustained as one for unfair competition. Unfair ‘competition consists in passing off or attempting to pass off upon the public the goods or business of one person as and for the goods or business of another. [See Cyc. 756.] Nothing less than conduct tending to pass off one man’s goods or business as that of another will constitute unfair competition, for such is the very essence of the wrong on which the law affords redress to the injured party. [See Elgin National Watch Co. v. Illinois Watch Co., 179 U. S. 665, 674, 21 S. Ct. 270, — 243 — 45 L. Ed. 365; 38 Cyc. 762, 763; 38 Cyc. 758; see, also, Grocers Journal Co. v. Midland Pub. Co., 127 Mo. App. 356, 367, 105 S. W. 310.] Tbe relief, in cases of unfair competition, proceeds upon tbe theory that the' words or phrase employed as by long use in connection with tbe goods or business of a particular trade come to-be understood by tbe public as designating tbe goods or business of that particular trader. Because of such user, tbe word or phrase becomes identified with tbe business of 'him who- employs it and constitutes a part of its good will. Such meaning of tbe words or phrase, it is said, is tbe genesis of tbe law of unfair competition as distinguished from technical trademark, and, therefore, relief against unfair competition is afforded upon tbe ground that one who has built up a good will and reputation for bis goods or business under a particular designation is entitled to tbe benefits therefrom. And secondary to this, tbe theory is that tbe deception of tbe public injures tbe proprietor of tbe business by diverting bis customers and filching bis trade. [Grocers Journal Co. v. Midland Pub. Co., 127 Mo. App. 356, 367, 105 S. W. 310; 38 Cyc. 760, 761, 763, 769.] It is to be observed that, though tbe right to complain as for unfair competition does not in every instance require that tbe complainant shall have a proprietary right in tbe phrase, it does require that be’ shall have used it in bis business as a means of identifying bis goods as bis product and for a sufficient length of time to establish a repute therefor in tbe market as pointing bis product. [Grocers Journal Co. v. Midland Pub. Co., 127 Mo. App. 356, 367, 105 S. W. 310; Reach Co. v. Simmons Hardware Co., 155 Mo. App. 412, 135 S. W. 503; 38 Cyc. 769, 763.] Unless tbe word or phrase involved has become a parcel of tbe good will of bis business by continued user in connection with tbe product of tbe proprietor, it is entirely .clear that tbe use of tbe same word by another — 244 — does not reveal an unfair competition. [Shelley v. Sperry, 121 Mo. App. 429, 99 S. W. 488.] The petition shows on its 'falce that plaintiff had never used the word “Stopurkicken” in' connection with the output of its laundry, but on the contrary only employed it on billboards and cards otherwise blank,, as an attraction to arouse the curiosity of the public with a view of revealing the name of the advertiser (plaintiff) thereafter. It is clear enough that, though defendant interposed and used the same word on cards bearing its name, as it did, no unfair competition appears when considered in the sense of the law on the subject and until plaintiff had obtained a right thereto by actual user in connection with the product of its laundry, the phrase “Stopurkicken” must be regarded as publici juris and available to all who desired to employ it identically as was the original phrase “Stop your kicking.” v It is certain the D’Arcy Advertising Company had no superior right to either the phrase or the contracted word and that it could confer none upon plaintiff by its contract to employ it as a means of arousing the curiosity of the public for plaintiff’s benefit. [Reach v. Simmons Hardware Co., 155 Mo. App. 412, 135 S. W. 503.] Though persons who have acquired a right in respect of words and phrases by user as above indicated, may assign or contract such right to another in conjunction with the good will of the commodity, the identity of which they point, it is obvious that an advertising agent may not appropriate any word or phrase he chooses, by merely se;-*.- •' it out of our vocabulary, and conferían exclusive right thereto on another by a contract to employ it in aid of his business. We are advised of no principle of our jurisprudence on which the judgment in this case may be sustained, and the counsel for plaintiff have omitted to file a brief suggesting one. The judgment should be reversed. It is so ordered. Reynolds, P. J., and Allen, J., concur.