Canda v. Canda

The opinion of the court was delivered by Bergen, J. Charles J. Canda departed this life testate and by his last will bequeathed the residue of his estate to his two sons, Charles A. 'Canda and Abeel Canda, as executors and trustees upon trust to pay to his widow from time to time such sum, either from income or principal, as she might call for, and to apply any surplus income to the liquidation of his indebtedness, and then bequeathed certain shares of the preferred capital stock of the Chrome Steel Works and the capital stock of the Canda Realty Company to three of his daughters. The sixth clause of the will declares: “After the death of my said wife, the liquidation of my said indebtedness, including _my indebtedness to my said wife, and the liquidation of the indebtedness of the Chrome Steel Works I give, devise and bequeath all the rest, residue and remainder of my said estate to my two sons, Charles A. Canda and Abeel Canda, to be equally divided between them.” Charles A. Canda died testate and bequeathed to his wife, Ida Holmes Canda, the complainant, his interest in the estate of his father. Subsequently, the legatees named in the will of Charles J. Canda and Ida Holmes Canda entered into a written agreement by which the gifts of the capital stock above recited to his three daughters were abrogated, and all of the property of the estate of the testator instead of being divided as provided [425] in the will, should be equally divided 'between the legatees so that each party should receive on 'the distribution of the estate one equal fifth part thereof; “the distribution;, however, of said shares of said estate is to be made at the time specified in the last will and testament, i. e., after the liquidation of all the debts of the testator, including his indebtedness to his wife and the liquidation of the indebtedness to the Chrome Steel Works.” The validity of this agreement is not disputed. It appears in this record that at the time of the death of the testator he1 was indebted to his wife in a considerable sum which has been reduced to $79,022.60; that the wife is dead and the debt due her still unpaid. It further appears that at the time of the death of the testator he was obligated as guarantor for the Chrome Steel Works for a large sum of money,'but that subsequent to the death of the testator all of his obligations for the Chrome Steel Works have been paid; that the Chrome Steel Works has ample means to pay all its indebtedness, leaving assets in excess of .the capital stock, and that since the death of the testator dividends had been paid on the stock of the Chrome Steel Works, amounting to sixty per cent., a total of $600,000. The complainant, the legatee of Charles A. Canda, files this bill praying for a division of the residue of the estate among those entitled, and after answer by the trustees and the other defendants interested in the estate the cause was referred to an advisory master who, after hearing, advised a decree that the executors now distribute the residue of the estate, first paying the debts of the testator, including that to the estate of his wife, but excluding the unpaid remaining indebtedness of the Chrome Steel Works, and it is from a decree sc' advised that the defendants appeal. We think the decree should 'be affirmed but not for the reason given by the advisory master. The master in giving Ms reasons for the result he reached expresses his distrust of the soundness of the opinion in Lembeck et al. v. Lembeck et al., 78 N. J. Eq. 427; affirmed by this court, 74 N. J. Eq. 848, where it was held that the rule against perpetuities did not apply to the right of possession or enjoyment of the estate, but only where the vesting of the estate was postponed for a period extending beyond a life in being and twenty-one years there [426] after. The master intimated that the opinion in the ease cited makes no distinction between ownership and possession, and then proceeds that while precluded by the decision in Lembeck v. Lembeck, supra, from holding that the rule against perpetuities applies to a postponement of possession as distinguished from- ownership* he was not precluded from holding that where there is a limitation upon the time for which such possession may be severed from ownership- and that where the direction of the will operates to withhold possession of an absolute gift for an unreasonable length of time it may be disregarded, and based his conclusion on the rule, which he declared, that where the time, of possession 'was so- uncertain that the court cannot determine with any reasonable approximation when enjoyment and possession would be united with ownership* the provision postponing possession may be disregarded. It is not necessary to adopt any such rule for the proper determination of this cause, and while we decline to at present approve of any such proposition, we ought not to- pass it without -comment simply because we agree to the result reached by the master on other grounds. In our opinion the gift of the residue of testator’s estate vested at the time of his death with postponement of possession until the death of his wife and the debts enumerated were liquidated. What the testator intended by the use- of the word "liquidated” is not entirety clear, for it has several meanings, such as ascertained, determined, fixed, settled, paid, discharged (Black’s Law Dict.), but we have assumed, as most favorable to- the appellants, that the testator meant paid. The question for determination is whether the conditions contained in the will, and upon which the right to possession rests-have been fulfilled. The first was the death of testator’s wife, which has occurred. Second, the payment of his indebtedness to his wife, which has not been paid, but it is admitted that the executors have ample funds of the estate to- pay the debt due her estate in the regular course of administration, and postponement of distribution cannot rest upon the neglect of the defendant executors to pay this debt. Third, the "liquidation of the indebtedness of the Chrome Steel Works.” It is admitted that' all of the indebtedness of the Chrome Steel- Works for which testator was obligated either as [427] endorser or guarantor have been liquidated, hut the appellants argue that under the terms of the will the right to distribution depends upon the liquidation of all the debts of the Chrome Steel Works, including those which the testator was not obligated to pay either as endorser or guarantor. This we do not conceive to have been the intention of tire testator as expressed in his will, for by it the distribution was to- be made after the death of his wife, and the payment of his debts, in which he included the debt due his wife and tire indebtedness of the Chrome Steel Works which, taken in connection with other parts of the will, does not include anything but testator’s indebtedness. The debts of the Chrome Steel Works, except as he had obligated himself, were not his indebtedness. That there' were debts of the Chrome Steel Works which he was obligated to pay appears in section 14 of the will, where the testator authorizes his executors “to renew any and all guaranties' which I have given and endorsements which I have made in connection with the business of the Chrome Steel Works,” and it is this character of indebtedness of the Chrome Steel Works which we think the testator intended should be paid before distribution, and it being admitted in the cause that all such debts have been liquidated, it seems to us that every condition relating to postponement of possession has been performed, and, therefore, the legatees are entitled to have the residue of the estate distributed. A portion of the estate is the interest which th*e testator had in tire co-partnership of Cauda Brothers, and as to this interest the decree postpones distribution for twelve months after the date of the decree. This pai*ti of the decree is not complained of in the brief of either party. The complainant has not appealed from any part of the decree, nor do the appellants claim to be aggrieved by tins partial postponement of distribution. Appellants’ sole objection is that it was error to adjudge a distribution of any part of the estate, and a postponement of the distribution of testator’s interest in the partnership of Canda Brothers was to that extent favorable to the appellants. The propriety .of this limitation was not argued and requires no consideration by us. In our opinion Lembeck et al. v. Lembeck et al., supra, is applicable to the cause under review and the decree will be affirmed. [428] For affirmance—Ti-ie Ci-iiee-Justice, Swayze, Trenci-iard, Parker, Bergen,' Minturn, Kamscii, Black, Katzenbach, White, Heppenheimer, Williams, Taylor, Gardner, Aokerson—15. For reversal—None.