Williams v. Bettle

The opinion of the court was delivered by Dixon, J. This writ of error brings up the adjudication of the Supreme Court upon a certiorari to review the tax levied by the state board of assessors against The West Shore and Ontario Terminal Company for the year 1885, under the Eailroad Taxation acts. The objection that The West Shore and Ontario Terminal Company is not a railroad corporation within the meaning of said acts, and also the objection that no deduction was allowed to the company for its indebtedness, were properly dealt with by the Supreme Court. The complaint that the tax assessed is greater than the company would be required to pay if it did not pay the state tax of one-half of one per centum, but did pay full local rates on all its property and franchises mentioned in the third — 514 — section of the Railroad Taxation act of 1884, rests upon the twelfth section of that statute. The pertinent provisions of this section are: that, upon the valuation of its property used for railroad purposes, each company shall pay to the state a tax at the rate of one-half of one per centum annually; that each company shall also pay, in addition thereto, a tax at the local rate as fixed and assessed for county and municipal purposes upon other property in each taxing district, upon the valuation of its real estate (other than main stem) in each taxing district, but the last mentioned rate shall in no case exceed one per centum ; that if the addition of the state tax of one-half of one per centum to the local rate as thus limited would compel any company to pay more tax than the tax such company would pay if such company did not pay the state tax of one-half of one per centum, but did pay full local rates on all its property and franchises used for railroad purposes, ■ without any other exemption than such as would be allowed to an individual citizen on such property, then and in such case the state board of assessors shall make such deduction as will make the tax equal to the amount that such company would pay upon all such property and franchises if assessed at full local rates without any state tax of one-half of one per centum. The facts now before us to which this law is to be applied are : that in the township of Union the company’s real estate (other than main stem) used for railroad purposes was appraised by the state board at $1,646,486; that all other property therein subject to taxation for county and municipal purposes was appraised by the local assessors at $665,900, and that upon this other property the local assessors fixed and assessed a tax at the rate of one per centum for the year 1885. A tax at a rate of two hundred and eighty-eight thousandths per centum on all the property in the township, including that of this company and amounting to $2,312,386, would produce as much as a tax at the rate of one per centum upon the property in the township exclusive of the estate of the company. A similar reckoning with regard to the township of Wee — 515 — hawken shows, that a rate of seven hundred and forty-three thousandths per centum levied upon all the property in the township would produce as much as was to be raised by the rate of one and four hundred and ninety-five thousandths per centuni which was actually fixed and assessed by the local assessors, for county and municipal purposes, upon the prop-erty therein other than that used for railroad purposes. The contention of the company is, that these hypothetical rates of two hundred and eighty-eight thousandths per centum in the township of Union and seven hundred and forty-three thousandths per centum in the township of 'Weehawken, instead of the rates actually fixed and assessed in these townships, shall be regarded as the local rates, for the purpose of determining, under the said twelfth section, whether the company is called upon to pay more tax than it would pay if taxed at full local rates without any state tax. If this position be maintained, then the assessment upon the company was too large; but if the actual rates, fixed and assessed by the local assessors upon the other property in these .districts, be the legal limit, then the company was not called upon to pay more tax than such rates would impose without the state tax of one-half of one per centum. Hence, the question arises, which rate is that contemplated by this act. The language of the statute seems to be decisive. It declares the limit to be “ the local rate as fixed and assessed for county and municipal purposes upon other property in each taxing district.” The rate is to be that which is “ fixed ” by taking into consideration only the “ other property in each taxing district” exclusive of the property used for railroad purposes, and which is actually “ assessed ” upon such other property. This is “ the local rate of taxation for county and municipal purposes,” which, according to section 5, the local assessors are to certify to the state board, and no one is authorized to ascertain or apply any other. The argument against this being the rate intended by the statute, rests upon the assumption that the local assessor will fix the rate at the exact proportion which the whole sum, re — 516 — quired in liis district for county and municipal purposes, bears-to the property subject to his assessment. ' On this assumption, the tax levied in each district will be sufficient to meet the necessities of the district, and the amount received through the state treasury from railroad taxation will be a surplus. It is this undesirable result from which the plaintiff in error derives the chief support for its contention. But why should it be assumed that the legislature intended the local rate to be fixed by such a proportion ? There is nothing in the law which prevents those who are to ascertain the amounts to be-levied by the local assessor from taking into consideration the sum likely to be realized from the assessment of railroad property by the state board, and if this be done, the entire-body of the law will work harmoniously to produce for each-locality, from all sources, a revenue as nearly as practicable commensurate with its needs. Such was undoubtedly the legislative design. On the other hand, if the theory of the plaintiff in error were adopted, one object of legislative policy, clearly indicated by this statute, would fail, viz., that of taxing" railroad property as heavily as other property, within the prescribed, limits of one-half of one per centum for state purposes, and one per centum for local purposes. For, by this theory, while other property was taxed in the township of Union at one per centum, and in the township of Weehawken at one- and four hundred and ninety-five thousandths per centum, the-railroad property would be taxed in Union at only two hundred and eighty-eight thousandths per centum, and in Weehawken at only seven hundred and forty-three thousandths per centum. Such discrimination the legislature plainly did not intend. The deduction made by the Supreme Court from the assessment of the state board was at least as great as the law required, and there is no error of which the plaintiff can complain in this feature of the judgment. Error is also assigned upon the ground that the real estate of the company was assessed at a higher valuation than the — 517 — ■other real estate in the taxing districts where it lay, contrary to the terms of the fourth section of said act, which reads as follows: “ That if the assessed value of the real estate of persons, other than railroad or canal corporations, in any taxing district wherein such railroad or canal property may be found, as ascertained by the assessors of such taxing district, is relatively lower than that which has been laid upon the land of the several companies in said taxing district, 'the said board [of state assessors] shall be required to accept said valuation of the assessors for such taxing district as a correct standard of value, and to thereby correct or reduce the separate Valuation provided for in the second subdivision of section three of this bill.” It is impossible to vindicate the constitutionality of- this ■section. The constitution requires that property shall be ¡assessed for taxes according to its true value. In carrying ■out this provision, of course, it is necessary that the judgment of some person should be taken as the final criterion of ■the true value of .each parcel of property assessed, and it undoubtedly falls within the province of the legislature to say who this person shall be. If the legislature had directed the local assessors to determine the true value of the property used for railroad purposes in their several districts, and the state board to fix the tax upon the value so ascertained, the •constitutional injunction would have been satisfied. But no such enactment exists. The local assessors have no authority to determine the true value of property used for railroad purposes, nor is such a power conferred upon any persons except the state board of assessors and the Supreme Court on -certiorari. The legislature might lawfully require the state boai’d and the Supreme Court, in exercising this function, to •consider the estimate which the local assessors put upon other than railroad property, but they cannot require the acceptance of this estimate as the correct standard of the value of railroad property. The property so taxed would be assessed, mot according to its own true value, but according to the true value of some other property. Such a tax the legislature — 518 — cannot sanction. This attempt of the legislature to substitute for the “ true value ” of railroad property “ the assessed value of the real estate of persons other than railroad or canal corporations,” “as a correct standard of value” for railroad property, is unconstitutional, and must fail. - The remaining assignments of error either present only disputes over questions of fact or involve points already decided in this court adversely to the positions of the plaintiff in error. The judgment of the Supreme Court must be affirmed. For affirmance — The Chancellor, Chief Justice, Depue, Dixon, Garrison, Reed, Brown, Cole, Mc-Gregor, Smith, Whitaker. 11. For reversal — None.