Kaufman ex rel. Kaufman v. Bush

The opinion of the court was delivered by Garrison, J. This is an action brought by an infant, aged five years, to recover damages for being run down by defendant’s vehicle upon a public highway. The gravamen is the careless management of - defendant’s horse, driven by his servant. The case went to the jury and judgment went against the defendant, who has brought this writ of error, contending that the plaintiff should have been nonsuited, or that a verdict for the defendant should have been directed, each of which motions was made and denied. The plaintiff called but a single witness to testify as to the occurrence—Annie Quinn, a child of thirteen, who was in charge of the plaintiff. The driver of the team, who was called by the plaintiff to prove the defendant’s ownership, was permitted to be cross-examined as to the manner in which the collision occurred, and thereupon gave a version of it that flatly contradicted the testimony of Annie Quinn in that respect. This discrepancy, however, could avail the defendant nothing upon his motion to nonsuit. The trial judge could not ignore the testimony of one of the plaintiff’s witnesses in favor of that given by another, or pass upon their conflicting claims to credibility. The motion has the effect [647] of a demurrer to so much of the testimony as is favorable to the plaintiff, admitting its verity in point of fact for- the purpose of denying its sufficiency in point of law. The motion to direct a verdict in the present instance presented the plaintiff’s case- in precisely the same aspect. For the purpose of each of these motions the facts to be dealt with were that the plaintiff, in full daylight, started to cross a public highway upon which the defendant’s team was being driven. The point was a public crossing at the junction of two streets, and when the plaintiff was about leaving the sidewalk the defendant’s team, which was approaching the crossing at a high rate of speed, seemed to the witness, Quinn, to be half a block away, although, in view of her other testimony, this was an-exaggerated estimate, so far as the exact distance was concerned. When the plaintiff had got between four and five feet from the sidewalk, which she had just left, she--was struck by the forefeet of the defendant’s horse. From these facts one legitimate inference would be that the plaintiff had begun to cross the highway at a public crossing before the defendant’s team had engaged in the same attempt and while it was sufficiently distant to have avoided the collision but for either the rate of speed at which it was progressing, or for the lack of sufficient control by the driver over his horse, or from the inattention of the driver to the- conditions upon the crossing that he was approaching. As to- the speed at which the horse was coming, Annie Quinn, who upon her examination-in-chief had testified that it was coming fast, was, upon cross-examination, led upon two occasions to testify that the horse wms running. This was some evidence bearing upon the conduct of the driver. That the horse had not, from fright or otherwise, got beyond the control of the driver, is testified to by the driver himself, who said that the horse was gentle, and who gave other evidence from which the fact that he was controlling the horse was the only possible inference. The part of the street in which the collision took place, namely, within four or five feet of the curb, the fact that it was at a public crossing near a corner, and in full daylight, [648] are all circumstances bearing upon the duty of the driver and his alleged negligence with respect to it. If from this testimony the jury found, as they might, that the plaintiff had reached the crossing first and was using it at a time when the driver of the approaching vehicle ought to have seen her, and could, by exercising proper care over a horse that was under proper control, have either stopped or turned aside so as to avoid running her down, a case of negligence was sufficiently made out. The dangerous character of public crossings, the rule that gives the person who has commenced to cross a priority of right, and the serious consequences that must flow from the neglect of drivers to approach such crossings circumspectly and in reasonable control of their horses, are all involved in determining the degree of care that would absolve a driver from negligence, when, in point of fact, he has run down a pedestrian at a public crossing. The age of the plaintiff, while it does not, per se, alter the rule by which the negligence of the driver is to be gauged, is a circumstance to be taken into consideration in measuring the sort of care he was exercising, and in determining what inferences should be drawn from the other facts respecting the accident. At the close of the plaintiff’s case, and at the end of all of the' testimony, the jury might legitimately have found substantially these facts. The case was so left to them by the charge of the trial court. There was, therefore, neither in the refusal to grant a nonsuit nor in the refusal to direct a verdict, any error on the part of the trial court. The judgment of the- Circuit Court will be affirmed. For affirmance—The Chancellor, Ci-iiee Justice, Dixon, Garrison, Fort, Garretson, Hendrickson, Pitney, Swayze, Bogert, Voori-iees, Vroom, Green, Gray. 14. For reversal—None.