Knoxville Table & Chair Co. v. Kerr Bros.

Mr. Justice Williams delivered the opinion of the Court. In this, a general creditors’ proceeding, a number of interveners filed petitions to set up claims to liens on the assets of the insolvent defendant firm. The defendants as a copartnership were engaged in the operation of a sawmill, and some of the petitioners furnished and drove their own teams in the delivery of lumber from the mill site to the railway, while others furnished their teams and employed third persons to drive them. All were to be paid by the thousand feet of lumber hauled. The contention of all of them is that they were laborers or employees, and therefore lienors-, within the meaning of Code (Shannon), Sec. 3564, which is as follows : “All employees and day laborers of any corporation or partnership . . . shall have a lien upon the corporation or firm property, real and personal, for their labor and services performed for such corporation or partnership for wages or compensation in arrears or unpaid for less than three months-.” [161] The chancellor allowed the claims of petitioners as liens under the statute, hut the court of civil appeals reversed his ruling. Writ of certiorari is sought to review the decree of the last-named court. One who so far retains the control of work in his hands that he is not subject to the direction of him to whom he is found while engaged thereat is, as to such claim, a contractor, and does not come within the meaning of “laborer” or “employee.” Fox v. McClay, 48 Neb., 820, 67 N. W., 888; Lang v. Simmons, 64 Wis., 525, 25 N. W., 650. The petitioners were not mere laborers working for fixed wages, the rate of which would not be varied by the circumstances of results produced. When they did labor it was for themselves in an effort to make a contract profit, and they are to be deemed contractors. Littlefield v. Morrill, 97 Me., 505, 54 Atl., 1109, 94 Am. St. Rep., 513; Henderson v. Nott, 36 Neb., 154, 54 N. W., 87, 38 Am. St. Rep., 720; Balch v. N. Y., etc., R. Co., 46 N. Y., 521. An “employee” within the meaning of such a statute is a servant, and not a contractor bound only to produce or cause to be produced a certain result of labor, and free to dispose of his own time and personal efforts according to his pleasure without responsibility to the other party as to time or manner of doing the work. Vane v. Newcomer, 132 U. S., 220, 10 Sup. Ct., 60, 33 L. Ed., 310. The words “laborer” and “employee” in the act quoted, therefore, do not include one who contracted [162] to furnish a team or teams for work, with, or without his own services, where the measure of compensation is not a wage or salary, but compensation is by contract based upon accomplishments of results, as for example by the thousand feet of lumber hauled. King v. Kelly, 25 Minn., 522; Malcomson v. Wappoo Mills (C. C.), 85 Fed., 907; Tod v. Railway, 52 Fed., 241, 3 C. C. A., 60, 18 L. R. A., 305. The legislature doubtless considered that such a contractor, in dealing more.nearly at arm’s length, would have his opportunity to provide in the immediate contract for security or a lien on a firm’s or corporation’s-property for the payment of his compensation. The court of chancery appeals did not err in denying petitioners the status of lienors under the statute^ Affirmed.