Wright v. Jackson Construction Co.

• Mr. Chief Justice Neil delivered the opinion of the Court. Defendants contend that the finding on issue No. 2 settles the whole controversy against the complainant. Standing alone, or considered apart from other matters, it necessarily does, because in response to that issue the jury found there was nothing due the complainant on the contract on which he sued. But there were other issues, with the responses of the jury thereto, some of which were set aside by the chancellor, on motion for new trial by the parties. — 148 — Among these was issue No. 4, which presented the inquiry whether there was anything due the complainant on a quantum meruit for services performed or materials furnished, he having alleged such a ground of action in his original bill, in the alternative, in case he could not succeed in his action on the contract. In response to this issue the jury found the defendant Jackson Construction Company indebted to the, complainant in the sum of $9, 403.80, and, nothing further appearing, complainant is entitled to a judgment for this sum, and the jury having further found that due notice was given, he would apparently be entitled to a lien on the line of railroad; but the question of the lien is not decided authoritatively, such decision being at this time unnecessary, as will presently appear.' It is rightly objected, as we think, that, under section 6282 of Thompson’s-Shannon’s Code, all of the issues must be tried in chancery by the same jury. Now in this case the chancellor permitted certain issues with the responses thereto by the jury, among other issues, No. 2, to stand, overruling the motion for new trial as to them, but he sustained the motion and awarded a new trial as to certain other issues. Ought we to hold that the order granting a new trial as to some of the issues while refusing it as to others, resulted in granting a new trial, automatically, as to all, or that the granting of a new trial as to any of them without granting it as to all — 149 — was simply void? In onr judgment the latter is "the correct view. On such action being taken by the chancellor the respective parties should have prepared and filed a hill of exceptions for nse on appeal after the final trial at which the chancellor would again attempt to hear the case on the matters as to which he granted a new trial. But it seems this was not done because of the very great expense that would have been thereby incurred. It seems from the record that the chancellor did enter upon another trial, first framing therefor three issues which he thought covered the matter embraced in No. 4, in respect of the quantum, meruit; that he caused a jury to he impaneled; that the complainant refused to' introduce any evidence on these issues because the chancellor would not submit all of the issues which' the complainant offered on the first or original trial of the case, and that the chancellor thereupon directed the jury to return a verdict for the defendants, which was accordingly done, and that he entered a decree, final, dismissing the hill. An appeal was then prosecuted to this court. The vital mistake was committed when the chancellor awarded a new trial on only a part of the issues. Further on this point: The law is that only determinative issues can he presented; that is, determinative of the whole case or of" some distinct or separable part or branch of the case. Crisman v. McMurray, 107 Tenn., 469, 64 S. W., 711; Connor v. Frierson, — 150 — 98 Tenn., 183, 38 S. W., 1031; McElya v. Hill, 105 Tenn., 319, 59 S. W., 1025. The case of Madison Trust Co. v. Stahlman, 134 Tenn., 402, 183 S. W., 1012, as. to what it says npon the-subject of proper jury issues in chancery is confined to its facts. All other than determinative issues are- immaterial, and a new trial in •respect thereof could not be lawfully ordered, and if ordered would be of no legal import. Naught added to jiaught is still but naught. So, if there be but one determinative issue in the case, the submission of others is immaterial; all that can be looked to is the verdict of the jury on the .material issue. Continental Nat. Bank v. First Nat. Bank, 108 Tenn., 374-376, 68 S. W., 497. That will be decisive of the case, no matter how many immaterial issues are submitted to or decided by the jury. They should be treated as not submitted at all. Gass v. Mason, 4 Sneed, 509; Minton v. Wilkerson, 133 Tenn., 484-487. 182 S. W., 238. The rule that if there be a new'trial granted by the chancellor, as to one of the material determinative issues he must grant it as to the others, or as to all, will no doubt produce inconvenience, in some instances, but it is, as we think, a necessary deduction from the statutory provision that “all the issues of fact in any case shall be submitted to one jury.” Thompson’s-Shannon’s Code, section 6282, supra.. It is apparent, too, that in the absence of such a provision jury trials in chancery might be practical — 151 — ly interminable. It may be that this court, in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction, win-n we can clearly see that a dne administration of justice requires it, as was done in a recent law case (Perkins v. Brown, 132 Tenn., 294, 177 S. W., 1158, L. R. A., 1915F, 723, Ann. Cas., 1917A., 124), can approve the verdict on one issue, and so remove it from the field of controversy, and remand for a new trial on the other, or others, in a chancery cause; hut such a case is not before us, at this time, and we do not now decide it. The question remains whether the complainant is entitled to judgment on the amount found for hjm under issue No. 4— $9,403.80. The solution of this question depends on the construction of section 4 of chapter 479, Acts 1909. That section so far as necessary to quote here, reads: “Sec. 4: Be it further enacted, that each vocation, occupation, and business hereinafter named in this .section is hereby declared to be a privilege, and the rate of taxation on such privilege shall be as hereinafter fixed, which privilege tax shall be paid to the county court clerk as provided by law for the collection of revenue. . . . “Each foreign construction company, with its chief office outside of this State, operating or doing business in this State, directly or by agent, or by any subletting contract, each, per annum, in each county .•. $100.00. — 152 — “Each domestic construction company and each foreign construction company, having its chief office in this State, doing business in this State? each, per annum, in each county.$25.00. “The above tax shall be paid by persons, firms, or corporations engaged in the business of constructing bridges, waterworks, railroads, street paving construction work, or other structures of a public nature. ’ ’ Section 16 of the same act reads: “Be it further enacted, that it is hereby declared a misdemeanor for., exercising any of the foregoing privileges without first paying the taxes prescribed for the exercise of the same, and all parties so offending shall he liable to a fine of not less than $10.00 .nor more than $50.00 for each day such privilege is exercised without license; hut this inhibition shall not apply to any person, firm, or corporation engaged in interstate commerce. ’ ’ Complainant insists that section 4 discriminates between citizens of Tennessee and those of other States requiring the latter to pay a tax of $100 for the privilege of doing railroad construction business here, while citizens of this State are required to pay only $25, hence that the section is in conflict with article 4 section 2, suhsubsection 1, of the federal Constitution, and also with the Fourteenth Amendment to the same instrument. In our judgment the construction suggested is not a sound one. The de- . — 153 — termining feature in the legislation quoted is .the having of one’s chief office in this State. Any citizen of this State, as well as any citizen of a foreign State, who has his chief office ont of the State, must pay the $100 tax; so of any domestic corporation, as well as foreign corporation, having’ its chief office out of the State. Any foreign corporation or citizen of another State, or firm, as well as domestic corporations, citizens of this State, and firms of this State having its or their chief office in this State, are all alike entitled to carry on a railroad construction business here on the payment of $25. There is no discrimination at all. It is not denied that complainant failed to pay the tax before he did the work. After the work was performed and before suit brought he paid' the $25 tax. This was too late, even if he had paid the $100. the tax applicable to his situation, he being a citizen of Alabama with his chief office there. It was too late because payment of a privilege tax and procurement of a license after the privilege has been exercised, though before suit brought, will not give the party so paying any right to maintain suit. Saule v. Ryan, 53 S. W., 977. The complainant having acted in violation of a statute in undertaking and transacting the business cannot recover. Stevenson v. Ewing 3 Pick. (87 Tenn.), 46, 9 S. W., 230; Pile v. Carpenter, 118 Tenn., 288, 99 S. W., 360. The result is the decree of the chancellor dismissing the bill must be affirmed, with costs.