Foster v. Jeffers

Mr. Justice Green delivered the opinion of the Court. This is an ejectment suit, brought to recover a tract of land in Scott county. From the decree dismissing the complainants’ bill, they have appealed to this court. The complainants, with the exception of J. L. Foster, are heirs of Sanders Foster, deceased. The title upon which complainants sue was in Sanders Foster when he died, but J, L. Foster claims that — 448 — be was jointly interested in tbe purchase of this title, taken in tbe name of Sanders Foster. J. L. Foster also has a deed from tbe widow of Sanders Foster, conveying her interest in tbe land. Tbe defendants claim under D. Jeffers. Upon tbe death of D. Jeffers, bis estate was administered in tbe chancery court, and this tract therein sold, and Alvis Jeffers became tbe purchaser thereof. Tbe complainants possibly have a superior paper title. Several defenses are interposed only one of which, however, it is necessary to notice, namely, that of estoppel. For some time prior to bis death, D. Jeffers bad been in possession of said tract of land. In tbe proceedings bad in tbe chancery court of Scott county to wind up bis estate, there was a reference to tbe clerk and master, directing him to ascertain and report what real estate tbe said D. Jeffers died seized and possessed of, whether it would be necessary to sell any of bis real estate to pay bis debts, and, if so, bow much and what part of bis real estate it would be necessary to sell. Tbe clerk and master was also directed to report who owned tbe tract of land comprising four hundred and fifty-five acres, which is in controversy in this suit. Tbe master reported that D. Jeffers died seized and possessed of tbe said four hundred and fifty-five-acre tract, and that it would be necesary to sell said tract to pay tbe outstanding debts; that — 449 — D. Jeffers was the owner of the four hundred and fifty-five-acre tract as well as other lands. No exceptions were filed to this report. It was confirmed and a sale of the said tract had under orders of the court. Later, there was a sale under advanced bids, at which defendant Alvis Jeffers became the purchaser. At the time of these proceedings in the chancery court of Scott County, Sanders Foster, under whom the complainants claim, was clerk and master of that court. He considered the proof filed on the reference, and he it was who made the report that this tract of land belonged to D. Jeffers, and recommended the sale thereof. The title of Sanders Foster to the land had been acquired a considerable time previous to these proceedings with reference to the estate of D. Jeffers. From the testimony of a surveyor employed by the administrator of I). Jeffers, who made a survey of the four hundred and fifty-five-acre tract, it is very clear that Sanders Foster knew the identity of the particular tract which was exposed by him for sale as the property of D. Jeffers. There is also testimony in the record that Sanders Foster was consulted about the sale of this land by the representatives of D. Jeffers, and that Foster agreed to assist in bringing about a sale of the land; it being hoped that a private sale could be effected. Inasmuch as his title to this land had been acquired prior to . the death of D, Jeffers, we think Sanders — 450 — Poster, and all those claiming under him, are estopped from setting up any claim to the land now by reason of the participation of Sanders Poster in this sale thereof, as the property of D,. Jeffers. Sanders Poster knew of his own claims at that time, and he must have ■known of the identity of the land. Notwithstanding this knowledge, he reported to the court that said land was the property of D. Jeffers and actually sold it as the property of D. Jeffers. He could not now he heard to make a contrary assertion, nor can those claiming title under him make such assertion. It is insisted, however, for the complainants, that in making this report as to the ownership of said land, and in offering the same for sale, Sanders Poster was acting officially. It is urged that his heirs cannot he estopped from asserting a personal right of Sanders Poster hy reason of his official acts. We cannot assent to this proposition, although it appears to he sustained by some authority. Chapman v. Gates, 54 N. Y., 132; Simpson v. People’s Ice Mfg. Co., 44 La. Ann., 612, 10 South., 814. We think the New York case may be distinguished on its facts. The Louisiana case is not reasoned. An office cannot be used to shield misconduct. A higher duty rests upon a public official to act and deal fairly than upon an individual. If it was the intention of Sanders Poster to assert any claim to this land, it was his duty to speak at the time he offered it for sale as clerk and master, representing it as — 451 — belonging to the estate of D. Jeffers. He could not now be allowed to question the integrity of his official act. No more can those claiming under him be so permitted. No advantage may accrue to an official or his privies by reason of misconduct in office. The view that we take of this matter is reinforced by the opinion of Judge JeNkiNS, of the circuit court of appeals of the Seventh Circuit. In a case there arising, certain articles were contracted for by individuals, and upon the order of these individuals delivered to a corporation which they controlled. They denied personal liability when later sued for the value of the goods. The court said: “If one, having a personal right to property, directs a certain disposition of it, he is, as against one complying with the instructions, personally bound by the direction given, although in so doing he acted in a representative capacity. In such case he cannot be heard to complain of an act he has caused to be done. So here, the defendants, by their conduct, induced the delivery of the machines to the corporation with which they were connected, and of which they were the moving spirits. It is no answer to say that therein they acted in.a representative capacity. If they had personal objection to such delivery, they should have made it manifest. They were silent when it became them to speak. They cannot now object that the delivery which as representatives of the company they sought and obtained was counter to — 452 — their individual wishes. They are estopped.” American Paper Bag Co. v. Van Nortwick et al., 52 Fed., 752, 3 C. C. A., 274. It is insisted, however, on behalf of J. L. Foster, that he could not he estopped by the conduct of Sanders Foster. J. L. Foster, as heretofore stated, asserts a trust in his favor in the land by reason of having contributed a portion of the money with which Sanders Foster acquired his title. By consent of J. L. Foster, Sanders Foster took deeds which did not indicate that the land was impressed with any trust. He held title in his individual right apparently and with permission of J. L. Foster. Sanders Foster might have sold the land and by his own deed passed all title in him, including any interest of J. L. Foster, to an innocent purchaser. Under such circumstances, we think an estoppel, good against the holder of the legal title, acquired and held in such a way, by arrangement with the cestui que trust, is good against such undisclosed beneficiary. The cestui is estopped to deny the agency or authority of the holder of the legal title with respect to the land. "Waiving other questions in the case, for the reasons stated, the decree of the chancellor is affirmed.