Board of Equalization v. Nashville, C. & St. L. Ry.

Mr. Justice Cook delivered the opinion of the Court. Upon a petition alleging illegal assessment of its property, the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway prayed and obtained writs of certiorari and supersedeas, and the action of the Railroad and Public Utilities Commission and the board of equalization in making the assessment was reviewed in the circuit court of Davidson county. • In obedience to the command of the writ of certiorari it was the duty of the board to make a transcript of the proceedings, and transmit it as the return to the writ, SO' [678] as to bring before the reviewing court a complete record of the proceedings, including the evidence heard in aid of the assessment. This record Was first presented to the court under a stipulation of counsel, and later made a part of the return by order of the court. Upon a review of the record thus introduced the'trial court found that the statute 'was ‘not observed, that the assessment was illegal, and quashed it. In reaching a conclusion as to the taxable value of the railroad’s property, sections 3 and 4 of chapter 3, Acts 1919, required the Public Utilities Commission to assemble evidence and review a diversity of facts, and, among other things, distinguish distributable property from localized property, and determine the taxable value of each. The value of distributable property was to be found after considering track mileage, betterments, capital stock, franchises, gross receipts, market value' of stocks, and the. bonded debt of the company as provided in the act. The conclusion of the trial court was a deduction from facts embodied in the record of the evidence and proceedings of the board. By no other method, could the validity of the assessment be determined. From the judgment of the court the board prayed an appeal. After the record was filed appellee moved to dis.miss the appeal and affirm because no motion for a new trial was made or filed as required by the rules of the court. Appellant resists the motion to dismiss, saying it is too broad, since the cause is up for review of error apparent upon the face of the record. The appeal does not bring the cause here for trial de novo, but for review of errors only. In Railroad v. John [679] son, 114 Tenn., 639, 88 S. W., 169, it is said that the jurisdiction of this court is exclusively appellate, and that it can only review matters which the record shows have been considered and adjudged by the trial court. The er-. rors thus reviewed and corrected, the court said, fall within two classes: First, errors which appear upon the face of the record proper, and, second, errors committed by the trial court in acting upon motions for new trial. Under the first head fall erroneous rulings of the trial court in sustaining or overruling motions and demurrers which challenge the sufficiency of pleadings and process; and under the second, errors committed in overruling or allowing motions for new trial. We have, at some length, indicated the facts necessarily reviewed by the trial court. They were facts without regard to how presented, and the trial judge was called upon to apply to them deliberative tests, and thereby reach a conclusion. By rule repeatedly announced, in order to review a judgment- of the trial court thus reached, a motion for new trial is required. The reason underlying such rule springs from administrative necessity, which, without' narrowing the channels through which substantial rights may be maintained, would circumscribe the field for naked forensic combat. Whoever complains of error in the conclusion of a court upon the facts is supposed best able to indicate the error, and should first present it to the trial court for review and correction, and thus minimize the expense to litigants and the delay incident to appeals. Erroneous action of the trial upon a motion for new trial is the subject of review upon appeal, and another purpose of the motion is is to indicate precisely the errors complained of, and circumscribe the scope of inquiry in the appellate court. [680] To this end, and to meet the task of intelligently reviewing the ever-increasing number of appeals, this court was constrained to exercise its power of prescribing rules of .practice, requiring that errors be first assigned in a motion for new trial presented to the trial court, and by limiting the inquiry on appeal to error assigned in the motion. Railroad v. Johnson, 114 Tenn., 640, 641, 88 S. W., 169. Beginning with Railroad v. Egerton, 98 Tenn., 541, 41 S. W., 1035, and even after Railroad v. Johnson, supra, there was more or less confusion as to when a motion for new trial was required, and what errors were open to review in the absence of the motion. In Road Commissioner v. Railroad, 123 Penn., 257, 130 S. W., 768, this court announced dissatisfaction with the unsettled practice relating to motions for new trial, and declared a purpose to harmonize the practice. . Following the rule there announced, the court, in Rogers v. Colville, 145 Tenn., 650, 238 S. W., 80, held a motion for a new trial necessary to review the action of the trial court upon agreed facts presented in lieu of testimony. . Here the stipulation was entered upon the minutes which obviated the requirement of a bill of exceptions, but did not dispense with the necessity of a motion indicating errors in the application of the law to tlie facts. In N. C. & St. L. R. R. v. Smith, 147 Tenn. 455, 249 S. W., 378, the court held a motion for a new trial necessary to review a finding- of facts by the trial court, and said: “In Railroad Co. v. Foster, 112 Tenn., 345, 80 S. W., 585, and Insurance Co. v. Witherspoon, 127 Tenn., 366, 155 S. W., 139, it was held tligt such findings of fact, when signed and filed by the court, became a part of the record under the statute without being incorporated into a/ bill [681] of exceptions. These cases, however, did not hold that in such a case a motion for a new trial was unnecessary.” Observing, therefore the rule announced in the foregoing cases, where the conclusion of the court of law is the result of a consideration of facts, and an application of the law thereto, a motion for new trial is necessary to authorize a review on appeal in error, whether the facts are presented to the trial court upon agreed facts, facts disclosed in documents' exhibited with the pleadings, or facts presented to the court as exhibits to or made part of the return to a writ.. The rule announced in this and the cases cited goes beyond where the Avriter of this opinion could assent, but for the fact that exceptions now made would produce confusion as to the practice. In this case, as appears from a stipulation in the record, a motion- for new trial was not made as required by the rules of the trial court, but appeal was prayed, granted, and perfected, and, Avithout a motion for a new trial, errors apparent upon the record proper as defined in Railroad v. Johnson, supra, are open to revieAV. Upon assignment.of error by appellant, should it appear that there are no errors apparent upon the record proper, and- Avithout a motion for neAV trial, the’ appeal Avould be dismissed, and the judgment of the court beloAV affirmed, as a matter of course, as was done in Railroad v. Smith, supra. But failure to make a motion for a new trial in the lower court is not of itself ground of motion to dismiss an appeal. ,• . Inasmuch as an appeal'without a motion for a new trial preceding it brings the cause up for review of errors apparent upon the record proper, the appellee’s motion to dismiss the appeal cannot be granted.