Reeves v. State ex rel. Thompson

Mr. Justice BurNett delivered the opinion of the Court. Thompson sought by writ of habeas corpus his discharge from arrest under the executive warrant of the Governor of this State, issued September 27, 1955, upon the requisition of the Governor of Kentucky. After hear [600] ing, tlie relief prayed for was granted by. .the trial judge discharging the petitioner. An appeal has been seasonably prayed, briefs filed and we now have'the matter for disposition. The Governor of this State issued his rendition warrant for the extradition of the relator ..Thompson to the State of Kentucky and such warrant was based upon an indictment duly found in Boyd County, Kentucky. The indictment merely averred, as to the time, that the offense was committed in the fall of 1949, no other time was averred. The petition avers the insufficiency of this averment in the indictment of the time of the commission of the offense as being entirely too indefinite to allow the petitioner to prove that he was not present in the demanding State at such time. The bill of exceptions does not show that any proof was heard on the matter. We must take it that the order entered in the lower court, sustaining the writ and discharging the petitioner, was based on the fact that the lower court was of the opinion that the allegations in the warrant were not sufficient, as to the time of the commission of the offense. The argument of the defendant in error in his brief is to the same effect, that is, that without a definite time being averred in the warrant, as to the time of the commission of the crime, it would be impossible for the relator to show that he was not in the demanding State at the time and that this is a right that the relator has in a hearing of the kind, now before us. Certainly it is true that one in the position of relator may show that he is not in the demanding State at the time of the commission of the crime but in doing so his proof, to this effect, must show his absence beyond a reasonable doubt. State ex rel. Brown v. Grosch, 177 Tenn. 619, 624, 152 S. W. (2d) 239. Where it is attempted [601] by a person in tbe. position of tbe defendant in error bere. to show that be was not in tbe demanding State at tbe time of his alleged offense tbe court bearing tbe suit, on petition for babeas corpus, will not discharge a petitioner arrested under a Governor’s warrant, as bere, where there is merely contradictory evidence on tbe subject of bis presence in that other State because a habeas corpus is not tbe proper proceeding to try the-question of alibi, or any question as to tbe guilt or innocence of tbe accused. State ex rel. Harris v. Bacon, 164 Tenn. 404, 50 S. W. (2d) 224. Thus bere we have nothing to show that any proof was beard on this question at all, consequently we must assume that none was beard and that tbe trial court merely granted tbe discharge of this prisoner on tbe averments in'the petition for habeas corpus along with tbe Governor’s warrant and tbe showing of tbe indictment. Tbe case of State ex rel. Brown v. Grosch, supra, is a complete discussion of tbe rights of tbe parties under habeas corpus and settles definitely tbe fact that tbe issuance of tbe rendition warrant by tbe Governor of Tennessee, in this instance, makes a prima facie case that tbe petitioner stands lawfully charged in the State of Kentucky, in this instance, and that be was a fugitive from justice therefrom. Clearly we think under this authority that tbe trial judge erred in discharging tbe relator Thompson when there is no testimony of any kind showing or attempting to show that be was not in tbe demanding State (Kentucky) on or about tbe time averred in tbe indictment. As said above there is no evidence whatsoever. We have very recently decided that this Court will not and cannot consider alleged defects in indictments upon habeas corpus to avoid extradition. Under [602] such, conditions, for the reasons stated in the opinion hereinafter cited, the parties under such circumstances must raise these questions in the court of the State in which the indictment was brought. This opinion, to which we refer, is State ex rel. Sandford v. Cate, 199 Tenn. 195, 285 S. W. (2d) 343. At the time this question was raised in the instant lawsuit the opinion to which we refer had ¡not been published and counsel for the defendant in error did not have this opinion before him and it is for this reason that we feel that the question is now raised again. This opinion, State ex rel. Sandford v. Cate, supra, is a sufficient answer to the question here raised. We feel too that the averment in the warrant upon which the requisition was issued was adequate under the authorities of this State. This Court in State v. Shaw, 113 Tenn. 536, 82 S. W. 480, on the question said: “The rule to be deduced from our cases is that, where there is no statute of limitations barring the offense, it is unnecessary to state the day, or even the year, but it is sufficient to aver generally that the offense was committed before the finding of the indictment; # * All other questions raised in the present petition for habeas corpus, by the defendant in error, below have been fully answered with supporting authorities therefor in the opinion to which we refer above of State ex rel. Sandford v. Cate, supra. After a thorough consideration we have concluded that the trial judge in the instant case erred in discharging the prisoner and as a result of this conclusion the case is reversed and remanded at the cost of the defendant in error here, relator below.