Bakst v. Vono (In re Gold Rush East, Inc.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION THOMAS C. BRITTON, Bankruptcy Judge. The trustee seeks judgment for $6,108 against Leonard Vono based upon the avoidance of a bulk sale pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 544(b) and Florida Statutes Ch. 676. The matter was tried on October 15. The debtor operated a retail jewelry business next door to the defendant. In August, 1984 the debtor sold substantially all of its inventory and some equipment to the defendant for $5,108 and $1,000 respectively. It is undisputed that the sale was not in compliance with the Uniform Commercial Code-Bulk Transfers, Fla.Stat. Ch. 676. U.C.C. § 6-104(1), Fla.Stat. § 676.104(1) provides: “Except as provided with respect to auction sales (S.676.108), a bulk transfer subject to this Chapter is ineffective against any creditor of the transferor The defendant’s position is that failure to comply with this law raises only a rebut-table presumption of fraud which can be overcome by contrary evidence. I disagree. I have not overlooked the case cited by defendant in support of its position. The court in Wasserburg v. Coastal Alu [127] minum Products Construction Co., 167 So.2d 889, 890 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1964) reached its conclusion as to the effect of a purchaser’s failure to comply with the bulk sales law in reference to Fla.Stat. § 726.-04, which has since been repealed. In Merit Clothing Co. v. Lees, 218 So.2d 779, 781 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1969) the court drew specific attention to the repeal of Fla.Stat. §§ 726.01-726.06 and the adoption of the U.C.C. in Florida, effective January 1,1967. In Merit, as in Wasserburg, the former law governed the transaction. In Wasserburg, at 891, the distinction was clearly drawn between the presumption of fraud under the former law as it existed then in Florida and the law in other states where the effect of non-compliance with bulk transfer statutes raises a conclusive presumption of fraud: “Non-compliance with these statutes, even in the face of a showing of good faith, makes the transaction void.” The language in the current Florida statute that the non-complying bulk transfer is ineffective against any creditor of the transferor is conclusive. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider defendant’s version of the facts regarding its intention and the debtor’s purported emergency need for cash. A bulk sale transferee’s good faith is no defense and strict accountability for the transferred goods is imposed. Murdock v. Plymouth Enterprises, Inc. (In re Curtina International, Inc.), 23 B.R. 969, 980 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y.1982). Under § 544(b), the trustee may avoid any transfer that is voidable under applicable state law by a creditor. Accordingly, this transfer in violation of Fla.Stat. § 676.104(1) is ineffective against the trustee. In re Rome Furniture Mart, Inc., 20 U.C.C.Rep. 1009, 1011 (N.D.Ga.1976). The court in Murdock at 979 set forth the measure of damages: “the transferee ... will be liable to the creditors to the extent of the fair value of the goods disposed of or converted by the transferee ... Section 550 of the Bankruptcy Code similarly allows the trustee to recover the value of the property transferred.” It follows that the trustee is entitled to recover from the defendant the sum of $6,108 which is the fair value of the transferred goods. As is required by B.R. 9021(a), judgment will be entered in accordance with this memorandum decision.