Passavant Memorial Homes v. Laurel Highlands Foundation, Inc. (In re Laurel Highlands Foundation, Inc.)

MEMORANDUM OPINION CARLOTA M. BOHM, Bankruptcy Judge. The matters before the Court are (1) the Notice of Removal commencing the above-captioned adversary proceeding, (2) the Emergency Joint Motion to Remand and Request for Expedited Hearing (“Motion to Remand”), (3) the Emergency Joint Motion to Dismiss the Chapter 11 Voluntary Petition Filed by Laurel Highlands Foundation, Inc. and Request for Expedited Hearing (“Motion to Dismiss”), and (4) the Emergency Joint Motion for Relief from the Automatic Stay Pursuant to Section 862(d)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code and Request for Expedited Hearing (“Motion for Relief from Stay”). Upon consideration of the motions filed, the responses thereto, the arguments and evidence presented at the hearings, the parties’ briefs, and for the reasons expressed herein, the Court finds that due to the extraordinary circumstances presented in this case, dismissal is appropriate pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 305(a), or in the alternative pursuant to § 1112(b). Furthermore, even if this Court were to permit the bankruptcy case to proceed, the claims asserted by the debtor, Laurel Highlands Foundation, Inc. (“Laurel”), in the state court action, which Laurel removed to this Court, are non-core. Based on this and other factors, the Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas is the appropriate forum for the removed action to continue based upon the principles of mandatory abstention or, in the alternative, permissive abstention or equitable remand. In addition, relief from stay is warranted based upon the totality of the circumstances to permit the litigation to continue in that forum. I. Background Laurel, a nonprofit corporation with “members” as opposed to “shareholders”, offers a variety of services to individuals with intellectual disabilities, mental health needs, and behavioral issues. Defendant Passavant Memorial Homes (hereinafter, together with Defendant Passavant Memorial Homes Foundation, “Passavant”) is another Pennsylvania Nonprofit Corpora — 647 — tion that cares for similar individuals as Laurel in group home settings. In the spring of 2011, Laurel approached Passavant about a possible affiliation, and Passavant expressed interest in acquiring Laurel. In consideration of an affiliation, Laurel’s board of directors and Passavant commenced due diligence. Certain members of Laurel (the “Petitioning Members”1) supported the acquisition by Passavant. Ultimately, however, Laurel’s board of directors chose to terminate due diligence with Passavant. Nonetheless, the Petitioning Members held a meeting and voted to approve Passavant’s acquisition of Laurel. Thus, the board of directors and the Petitioning Members were at odds and were taking inconsistent action, apparently both on behalf of Laurel. Litigation was clearly imminent. On July 25, 2011, approximately nine months prior to filing for relief under the Bankruptcy Code, Laurel commenced an action in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County pursuant to Pennsylvania’s Declaratory Judgments Act. In its Complaint, Laurel sought a declaratory judgment regarding whether the acts taken by the Petitioning Members constituted official and authorized actions of the members such that they must be followed and obeyed by Laurel’s board of directors and which individuals comprised Laurel’s membership for purposes of entitlement to vote at meetings. Through Counterclaims, the Petitioning Members and Passavant sought, inter alia, a declaratory judgment providing that the members’ votes to approve the asset purchase agreement at their meetings were valid and enforceable and, accordingly, directing an officer to execute the agreement. After the eom-mencement of the state court litigation, on September 6, 2011, the Petitioning Members held another meeting regarding the acquisition of Laurel by Passavant and to consider removal of certain board members, appointment of other individuals as board members, and approval of a new set of by-laws. Therefore, the control of Laurel is central to the pending dispute. The state court action was pending before the Honorable Anthony G. Marsili. By order dated September 16, 2011, in light of the continued power struggle between the members and the board, the parties were directed to maintain the status quo while the case proceeded. The September 16 Order (Passavant’s Exhibit 16) provided, in part, as follows: (A) Until further order of court, the parties shall maintain the status quo in this proceeding and shall take no actions or steps which will alter, affect or change the positions or status of the parties, their relationship to one another or the status of the employees, staff, consumers, board members, or members of Laurel; including but not limited to: (i) noticing or holding any special meetings of the Board of Directors or the membership; (ii) removing any Directors from Laurel’s Board; (in) taking any action to change the Membership of Laurel; and/or (iv) taking any action to disenfranchise the current Members of Laurel. (B) Notice of all regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors of Laurel will be provided to all Current Board Members and all Current Board Members shall have the right to attend, and shall not be — 648 — barred from, any such meetings of the Board of the Directors. For purposes of this Order, the term “Current Board Members” shall mean those members of Board of Directors of Laurel who were elected or appointed prior to the initiation of this lawsuit. On March 12, 2012, after an evidentiary hearing held November 30, 2011, Judge Marsili issued a detailed decision and order denying the parties’ cross-requests for preliminary injunctive relief. In the March 12 Order (Laurel’s Exhibit 60), the parties were directed once again to maintain the status quo until further order of court. In addition to reiterating the above-cited directives, Judge Marsili defined “maintain the status quo” to mean “only to conduct normal or usual business activities, as defined in the ordinary course of business. Therefore, no extraordinary actions, outside of the ordinary course of business, shall be taken by any of the parties.” Trial on the request for permanent injunction was scheduled for August 13, 2012 through August 16, 2012. A number of motions were filed and pending in the state court action on May 11, 2012. Judge Marsili indicated that, due to the urgency of the situation, he would be issuing his decision on said motions on May 14, 2012. Among the issues before him was a renewed request by Pas-savant and the Petitioning Members to enter a preliminary injunction. In the renewed motion for preliminary injunction, Passavant and the Petitioning Members alleged that actions were being taken in violation of status quo orders and further indicated that there was an urgent need for an injunction due to Laurel’s decision to terminate health insurance benefits for certain employees, risking the departure of those employees, and ultimately threatening the level of care provided by Laurel. Thus, Judge Marsili expressed his intent to rule expeditiously. Before the state court was able to issue its decision as intended, and on the date the judge stated he would rule, Laurel commenced this bankruptcy case by filing a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. The state court litigation was stayed by the commencement of the bankruptcy case. Also, on the same date, Laurel filed its Notice of Removal, removing the case of Laurel Highlands Foundation, Inc. v. Karl E. Frankenstein, et al. to this Court. Passavant and the Petitioning Members oppose the removal and wish to proceed with the litigation in state court. They assert a number of grounds in support of their request. After a status conference at which this Court indicated its concern that the removed action was non-core and questioned the motivation of the bankruptcy filing, Laurel filed a response to the Motion for Remand and Motion for Relief from Stay, wherein it did not object to the continuation of the action in state court provided that this Court continue to exercise jurisdiction- over the assets of the bankruptcy estate. However, as to the bankruptcy case as a whole, Passavant and the Petitioning Members contend that the bankruptcy filing was without proper authorization and in bad faith and, accordingly, seek dismissal. After the conclusion of the evidentiary hearings held May 31, 2012, and June 4, 2012, and review of the entire record, the Motion to Dismiss, Notice of Removal, Motion for Remand, and Motion for Relief from Stay are ripe for decision. II. Standing As a preliminary matter, Laurel challenged Passavant’s standing to seek dismissal of this bankruptcy case. However, the motion to dismiss was filed jointly by — 649 — Passavant and the Petitioning Members, whose standing is not challenged; therefore, the Court need not address Passa-vant’s standing and the Motion to Dismiss will be addressed herein. III. Findings of Fact At the outset, this Court notes that numerous objections were made to testimony regarding the current membership of Laurel and the version of the by-laws currently in effect. These matters are at the heart of the state court action and those are not the matters presently before this Court. The issues currently before this Court are (1) whether Laurel filed its bankruptcy petition in good faith with proper authority and (2) whether the state court is the appropriate forum for the removed action to proceed. As Laurel has consented, albeit with qualification, to the resolution of the removed action by the state court, the primary focus of the evi-dentiary hearing was whether the bankruptcy petition was filed in good faith. At the evidentiary hearing, Laurel called two witnesses: John Gera and Cher Mos-er. Passavant and the Petitioning Members also called two witnesses: William Krieger and W. Harrison Vail. By way of background, Gera and Vail are members of the current board of directors of Laurel pursuant to the status quo orders. Vail, a Petitioning Member, also identifies himself as a member of the reconstituted board as allegedly established through membership meetings. Moser remains the executive director of Laurel pursuant to the status quo orders despite the decision of the reconstituted board to remove her. The issues of who constitutes Laurel’s membership, board of directors, and management are among the issues to be resolved in the underlying litigation. Therefore, this Court makes no findings as to those issues herein and identifies the witnesses as they identified themselves at the hearing. Testimony of Gera Gera identified himself as the President of Laurel’s Board of Directors and a member of Laurel. Much of Gera’s testimony did not focus on the purpose of the bankruptcy filing. From his testimony, however, it is clear that he did not consider Laurel to be in financial distress, he believed the state court’s status quo orders were a hindrance to Laurel’s ability to conduct business, and the potential of an adverse ruling by Judge Marsili on the emergency motion for preliminary injunction prompted the filing of the petition. As to the effect of the state court’s status quo orders on Laurel, with the exception of Laurel’s motion regarding its intention to terminate certain employees’ health insurance benefits, Gera did not have knowledge of any other motion by Laurel seeking permission to take actions that he characterized as prohibited by the status quo order. As to the disruption caused by the litigation, Gera did not provide testimony of any extreme hardship to Laurel but rather described the typical burdens. Gera testified to the events immediately preceding the filing of the bankruptcy petition. According to Gera, after the hearing on the renewed motion for preliminary injunction in the state court proceedings, Cher Moser, who attended the hearing, reported to Gera the concern that Judge Marsili may place Passavant in control of Laurel or that Laurel may be put into receivership. Counsel was contacted and the bankruptcy petition was commenced with the approval of seven of the nine board members. The testimony was clear that neither Vail nor Theodore Belajac (both board members and Petitioning Members) were invited to participate in the meeting. According to Gera, their in650 elusion was unnecessary as they were in conflict pursuant to the by-laws. Thus, the resolution to file the bankruptcy petition (.Laurel’s Exhibit 70) was signed by only seven board members. As to Laurel’s financial strength, Gera testified that Laurel has money in the bank, approximately $1,269 million. The fiscal report presented at the May 23, 2012 board meeting (Passavant’s Exhibit 36) indicated Laurel had a net income of approximately $360,000 as of March 31, 2012, and Laurel was anticipated to finish the year with a surplus. Based on Gera’s testimony, this Court finds that the purpose of filing the bankruptcy petition was not due to financial distress, but rather due to the purported burden of complying with the state court orders and, primarily, the concern that Judge Marsili would place Passavant in control of Laurel or place Laurel in receivership after the May hearing. Thus, the bankruptcy filing was a means by which to keep Laurel’s current management in control and to evade the state court’s status quo orders. Testimony of Moser Moser, who identified herself as serving in a dual role as the controller and executive director of Laurel, testified as to the disruption caused by the litigation, the perceived reduction in funding that Laurel was facing, and the increase in premiums for employees’ health insurance. Moser contends that the litigation caused distraction and disruption from operation of the business. However, this Court finds that Moser did not establish a severe disruption to Laurel due to the litigation. Furthermore, Moser testified that the status quo orders prohibit her from taking certain actions. Due to the orders, she is to seek the court’s permission prior to taking certain action and this, she contends, interferes with Laurel’s ability to accept new clients and obtain new properties as needed. However, Moser acknowledged that Laurel has not sought permission from the judge to act on these stated needs and to obtain relief from the status quo orders. Moser also expressed concerns regarding potential reductions in public funding, particularly waiver funding from the state. Any predictions regarding the proposed, funding are highly speculative. However, when presented with credible evidence, including the proposed state budget, which at this time indicates an increase in funding, this Court concludes that the reduction anticipated by Moser is not a realistic threat to Laurel. In addition, Moser expressed concerns regarding the increased cost of providing health insurance benefits for employees. Although this cost will increase by forty-three percent, that increase is consistent with previous years. According to Moser, the decision to terminate health insurance benefits for certain employees resulted from the combined considerations of the increased premiums and the threat of a budget reduction. As the evidence establishes that Laurel will not experience the budget reduction that Moser anticipated, the increased health insurance premiums do not present a budget crisis given the current financial state of Laurel. The credible evidence establishes that, as of the fiscal report provided at the May 23, 2012 board meeting, Laurel is financially healthy. Laurel had a surplus and Mos-er projected that Laurel will end the year with a surplus. Laurel had positive net assets of $3.8 million, and $1,269 million in the bank. Laurel pays its bills as they come due. Furthermore, Laurel was able to obtain a $750,000 line of credit dated May 11, 2012 (Passavant’s Exhibit 37), — 651 — just days before the bankruptcy filing, through PNC Bank.2 It is also noteworthy that Laurel’s line of credit with PNC Bank had not been used for nearly two years as it simply had not been needed. Furthermore, to remove all doubt as to Laurel’s financial condition, Moser released a memo dated May 15, 2012 (Passavant’s Exhibit 26) to Laurel’s employees reassuring them that, despite the filing of the bankruptcy petition, Laurel’s “finances remain strong”. The memo further provided an alternative motive for the bankruptcy filing: “In order to finally bring to an end Passavant’s attempts to take over [Laurel], [Laurel] has determined to afford itself of rights granted it under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.” In other words, the precise issue pending before Judge Marsili, control of Laurel, led to the commencement of the bankruptcy case. Thus, this Court finds that the motivation for filing the bankruptcy petition was the pending ruling of the state court on the emergency motion for preliminary injunction. Moser testified as to her impressions upon attending the May 11, 2012 hearing. At that hearing, Moser recalled that Judge Marsili was considering installing Passavant as interim management or possibly appointing a receiver. She was very concerned after the hearing and reported her concerns to Gera that the court planned to rule in just a few days. She stated that if Passavant was placed in charge, then Laurel would no longer be able to continue its litigation with Passa-vant. As these were the circumstances immediately preceding the filing of the bankruptcy petition, the Court finds that the bankruptcy case was primarily a means to avoid a ruling which would have threatened the control of the current management and directors of Laurel. Laurel now contends that, after the filing of the bankruptcy petition, a new threat to its continued operation has become apparent. Moser testified in response to representations made by counsel for the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare (“DPW”) at the May 23, 2012 status conference before this Court. The DPW licenses Laurel and provides the overwhelming bulk of its funding. Moser testified that, without the continued funding from DPW, Laurel would be out of business. At the status conference, counsel for the DPW represented as follows: As I said, I’m saying here for the debt- or’s understanding because this bankruptcy can go nowhere, it can go nowhere. We’re done with these folks. We were done with these folks before they had the bankruptcy when we saw what was in the papers and we saw the $650,000 that had been diverted to an internal corporate war. We’re done. We’re done. Now, we will do nothing to precipitate a crisis. We have not issued them their license. We don’t know if we are going to issue them a license. We’re not going to revoke their license, withhold it, until this Court rules. But, I can tell you that as far as from a bankruptcy organization standpoint, when you have a mon-opsony situation, where there’s really only one person who is buying your goods and that person does not want to do business with you anymore, it’s done. It’s done. So, I would urge this Court to move very expeditiously. See Transcript of 05/23/12, Doc. No. 70, at 18-19. Counsel specifically represented, “I can tell you that the Department’s position is that we have lost confidence in the management of this debtor. That the De — 652 — partment’s position is that this debtor needs to be transitioned to what appears to be the only adult in the room, which is Passavant.” Id. at 17. As of the May 23, 2012 status conference, counsel for the DPW clearly did not support Laurel’s current management. This Court finds that, if the DPW were to terminate providing funds to Laurel, then Laurel would not be able to remain in business. Testimony of Krieger William Krieger was called as an expert witness regarding his analysis of Laurel’s finances in conjunction with the proposed budget and to determine whether Laurel is solvent. He is a certified public accountant licensed to practice in Pennsylvania and possesses numerous other qualifications. Among other positions held by Krieger, he served as chief financial officer of Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic and spent some time between 2005 and 2006 as the interim finance director of Mainstay Life Services, which he described as an agency very similar to Passa-vant and Laurel. Although what will ultimately be provided in the state budget is pure speculation, Krieger concluded, based upon credible evidence, that there was no basis whatsoever to conclude that Laurel was facing a reduction of funding to the extent stated by Moser. Krieger noted that while county funding, which represents a small portion of Laurel’s overall funding, faced a reduction of twenty percent, the state waiver funding, which comprises the majority of Laurel’s budget, was proposed to increase.3 Even if the proposed increase is not ultimately a part of the final budget, Krieger testified that it was difficult to foresee a decrease of any magnitude. Krieger also consulted with the deputy director of the Department of Public Welfare to confirm that his analysis was correct. As to the solvency of Laurel, Krieger determined that Laurel is solvent and able to pay its debts as they come due. He further determined that Laurel has enough funds to absorb the increased costs of employee health benefits. Based upon the credible testimony of Krieger, this Court finds that the proposed state budget does not present a threat to Laurel’s funding. To the extent the county funding may decrease, the impact is minimal. Furthermore, as a financially healthy organization, Laurel is able to absorb the increased health insurance costs and is not facing a financial crisis. Testimony of Vail W. Harrison Vail identified himself as a member, director, and officer of Laurel. Vail’s daughter is a consumer of Laurel’s services. Vail was a member of the board of directors prior to the state court litigation, and thus he is a member of the “Current Board” pursuant to the terms of the status quo order. He was also voted to be a member of the reconstituted board at the September 6, 2011 membership meeting and will be a member of that newly created board if the action taken by the membership at that meeting is ultimately determined to be valid in the underlying litigation. He is named as a defendant in the state court action, and he and the other Petitioning Members filed counterclaims in that action. The only relevant point of Vail’s testimony for the purposes of this proceeding is that he, as a board member, was not contacted with respect to the decision to file the bankruptcy petition and never approved the decision. This point is undisputed and consistent with the testimony of Gera, who acknowledged that Vail, and one other — 653 — board member, were intentionally not included in the vote. Accordingly, we find that the full board of directors did not unanimously approve the bankruptcy filing. In light of these facts, the Court now turns to the relief requested. IV. Discussion Passavant and the Petitioning Members contend that this bankruptcy case should be dismissed as it was filed in bad faith and without appropriate authority. In the alternative to dismissal, Passavant and the Petitioning Members assert, pursuant to the principles of mandatory abstention, permissive abstention, equitable remand, and/or relief from the automatic stay, that the removed action should return to state court for resolution. Thus, aside from the request for dismissal, this Court is faced with a series of questions as to the removed action. As an initial matter, the Court must determine whether the removed action is “related to” the instant bankruptcy case, such that removal is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1452(a). If the removed action is related, then the Court must determine whether the removed action is a “core” proceeding. If it is determined to be “non-core”, the Court must address whether the proceeding is subject to mandatory abstention pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(2). If the elements of mandatory abstention are not met, the Court must next evaluate whether either permissive abstention under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(1) or equitable remand pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b) is appropriate. Finally, the Court will address whether relief from stay pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 362(d) should be granted to permit the action to proceed in state court. Although this Court finds that dismissal is appropriate, the issues relating to the removed action are addressed as it is clear that the removed action should proceed in state court even if the bankruptcy case were to continue. Dismissal Passavant and the Petitioning Members assert that the bankruptcy petition was not filed with appropriate authority. That is, they contend that the full board of directors (referring to those nine individuals in place pursuant to the status quo orders) did not vote to authorize the filing of the bankruptcy petition. It is undisputed that neither Vail nor Belajac were notified of any such vote and, in fact, did not vote to approve the action. Laurel contends that, pursuant to its by-laws, these individuals were not entitled to vote due to conflict of interest. As the interpretation of the by-laws is one matter at the core of the underlying litigation, a fact which has been repeatedly noted by the parties throughout the hearings, this Court will not resolve dismissal on the basis of authority to file the petition but rather holds that alternative justification warranting dismissal exists as discussed at length herein.4 In addition to the question of whether the petition was filed with appropriate authority of the board of directors, Passavant and the Petitioning Members assert two statutory bases upon which this Court should dismiss this bankruptcy case: 11 U.S.C. § 305(a) and § 1112(b). — 654 — Pursuant to § 305(a)(1), “The court, after notice and a hearing, may dismiss a case under this title, or may suspend all proceedings in a case under this title, at any time if the interests of creditors and the debtor would be better served by such dismissal or suspension[.]” Abstention under this provision is considered to be “an extraordinary remedy that is appropriate only where the court finds that both creditors and the debtor would be better served by a dismissal.” RHTC Liquidating Co. v. Union Pac. R.R. (In re RHTC Liquidating Co.), 424 B.R. 714, 720 (Bankr.W.D.Pa.2010). When litigation has been commenced in another forum and that forum is available to determine the parties’ interests, dismissal is especially appropriate. See Monsour Medical Ctr, Inc. v. Stein (In re Monsour Medical Center, Inc.), 154 B.R. 201, 207 (Bankr. W.D.Pa.1993). The burden is on Passa-vant and the Petitioning Members to establish that egregious circumstances exist, such that dismissal is warranted pursuant to § 305(a). In this case, Passavant and the Petitioning Members met their burden. Laurel acknowledges that it has no unsecured creditors. Thus, the bankruptcy proceeding provides no apparent benefit to creditors. The true benefit of the continuation of the bankruptcy case is not to Laurel either, but rather appears to be to the benefit of one of the factions claiming control of Laurel, i.e., the management and board of directors in place pursuant to the status quo orders. Furthermore, the filing of the bankruptcy case, with no clear bankruptcy related purpose, appears only to increase litigation costs for Laurel. What would be in the best interest of all parties, especially the consumers of Laurel’s services, is the expeditious resolution of the state court matter. Judge Marsili was achieving precisely that. He has done extensive work on this case and is extremely familiar with the parties, the underlying facts, and the intricate legal issues presented.5 As argued by Laurel, this bankruptcy case was filed “defensively” due to the posture of the state court action after the May 11, 2012 hearing. That is, Judge Marsili was considering, among other options, placing either Passavant in a management role over Laurel or placing Laurel in a receivership. Laurel ultimately conceded, with qualification, to remand and relief from stay, but contended that the bankruptcy case would provide a mechanism to maintain the status quo in the meantime and preserve Laurel as an organization. The status quo orders entered by Judge Marsili were designed for precisely that purpose. However, Laurel comes to this Court complaining of the burdens of the status quo orders on its operations. The need for the status quo orders in this matter, however, is clear. To permit the current board to remain in place when it has not yet been determined whether it is properly in control of Laurel requires some restraint on its actions. If Laurel is not complying with those orders, as the Petitioning Members and Passavant contend, then clearly Judge Marsili is forced into the position of choosing another option, i.e., different management, pending the resolution of the underlying claims. Furthermore, it is not clear that Judge Marsili intended to appoint Passa-vant as management of Laurel on an interim basis. It is apparent that Laurel, as an — 655 — organization, may benefit from the appointment of a neutral management that holds the interests of the organization and its consumers as the paramount concern.6 This Court will not permit the continuation of a bankruptcy case which appears to have been filed with the intent of tying Judge Marsili’s hands and second-guessing his orders. Judge Marsili is clearly very capable and competent to handle the case to its conclusion. The filing of the bankruptcy case appears to be nothing more than an attempt by the current management of Laurel to remain in control when faced with the threat that Judge Marsili may grant the renewed request for preliminary injunction. Thus, based upon the testimony and argument, this Court finds that the filing was a litigation tactic to avoid an imminent, potentially adverse decision in state court. As there is no doubt that appropriate relief can be fashioned by the learned state court judge, such that operations are continued for the benefit of the consumers until this internal power struggle is resolved, dismissal and abstention by this Court is appropriate pursuant to § 305(a). As an alternative basis for dismissal, Passavant and the Petitioning Members cite to 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b), which provides that a court may dismiss a Chapter 11 case for cause if it is in the best interest of the creditors and the estate. See Official Comm. Of Unsecured Debtors v. Nucor Corp. (In re SGL Carbon Corp.), 200 F.3d 154, 159 (3d Cir.1999). Chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions are subject to dismissal for cause unless filed in good faith. Id. at 162. “Once at issue, the burden falls upon the bankruptcy petitioner to establish that the petition has been filed in ‘good faith.’ ” Id. at 162, n. 10. In In re Integrated Telecom Express, Inc., the debtor’s landlord contended that the bankruptcy petition should be dismissed for lack of good faith as the debtor was never in financial distress and the purpose of the petition was for nothing more than to frustrate the landlord’s claims and increase the distribution of the debtor’s estate to its shareholders at the landlord’s expense. See NMSBPCSLDHB, L.P. v. Integrated Telecom Express, Inc. (In re Integrated Telecom Express, Inc.), 384 F.3d 108, 112 (3d Cir.2004). The Third Circuit Court of Appeals agreed, holding that the petition was not a good faith filing, as it was filed by a financially healthy debtor, with no intention of reorganizing or liquidating as a going concern, with no reasonable expectation of maximizing the value of the estate for creditors, and solely to benefit from a provision of the Bankruptcy Code with respect to its lease. Id. “At its most fundamental level, the good faith requirement ensures that the Bankruptcy Code’s careful balancing of interests is not undermined by petitioners whose aims are antithetical to the basic purposes of bankruptcy!.]” Id. at 119. The good faith analysis focuses on two inquiries: (1) whether the petition serves a valid bankruptcy purpose and (2) whether the petition was filed merely as a tactic to — 656 — obtain a litigation advantage. Id. at 119— 20. Two valid purposes of Chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions are (1) “preserving going concerns” and (2) “maximizing property available to satisfy creditors.” Id. at 119. Whether a liquidation plan or a reorganization plan, either must serve a valid bankruptcy purpose. Id. at 120, n. 4. As Laurel has identified no unsecured creditors, this Court will focus on “preserving going concerns” as a potential purpose for this bankruptcy petition. In In re SGL Carbon Corp., the district court found the petition to have been filed in good faith for two reasons: (1) distractions caused by litigation posed a serious threat to the debtor’s continued successful operations and (2) the litigation may result in a judgment that could cause financial and operational ruin. See 200 F.3d at 162. On appeal, the Third Circuit found each of these findings to be clearly erroneous. Id. First, while the litigation was taking up time, there was no serious threat to the company. Id. Second, the debtor was financially healthy and the filing was premature. Id. at 163-64. Debtor’s ability to meet its debts was one factor considered in determining that the petition was not filed with a valid reorganizational purpose. Id. at 164. Although courts have permitted companies to file valid Chapter 11 petitions when pending litigation poses a serious threat to the companies’ long term viability, in those cases the debtors were facing serious financial and/or managerial difficulties at the time of filing. Id. In this case, Moser and Gera testified that the litigation is causing distraction and impacting operation of the business. Neither offered testimony establishing that the distraction of litigation poses a serious threat to Laurel’s operational well-being. Furthermore, it should be noted that the litigation was commenced by Laurel. Although Laurel contends that the status quo orders in the underlying litigation interfere with operations, the testimony revealed that as to a number of actions which Laurel alleges it is prevented from taking, permission to act was not sought. The status quo orders are intended to maintain a delicate balance pending the outcome of the litigation. Although it may be an inconvenience to the current board of directors and management to seek court permission, it is a necessary inconvenience until control is finally resolved. Furthermore, to the extent that Laurel believes that by filing the bankruptcy petition the disruption of litigation will cease, that is an incorrect assumption. The underlying litigation must be resolved and the burdens of that litigation will continue. Furthermore, in addition to those burdens, new obligations will be imposed on Laurel as a debtor in a bankruptcy case. As to a valid bankruptcy purpose, Laurel made feeble attempts to establish financial distress.7 However, the testimony — 657 — of Moser, Gera, and Krieger all support the conclusion that, at least as of the time of filing, Laurel was financially healthy. The company was solvent and projected ending the year with a profit. Although Moser testified that Laurel was facing a significant reduction in state waiver funding, the credible evidence, including the proposed budget, established that Moser had no valid basis for perceiving such a threat. In addition, Laurel was capable of absorbing the increased health insurance costs. Furthermore, the state court litigation did not impose the threat of a massive judgment against Laurel. Rather, the litigation will determine who has the authority to act on behalf of Laurel. While it is true that, if the Petitioning Members are determined to have authority, they intend to proceed with the acquisition of Laurel by Passavant, that is not a financial threat to Laurel’s survival, but rather would simply be a business decision to affiliate with Passavant by those with authority to do so. The one very real threat to Laurel’s finances is the possibility that the DPW will terminate its funding as suggested at the May 23, 2012 status conference. Laurel contends that even if it is viewed as financially healthy at this time, a decision by the DPW to discontinue its funding would pose an imminent threat to its continued operation, as the DPW licenses Laurel and provides the overwhelming bulk of its funding. The discontinuation of DPW funding of Laurel will force Laurel out of business as Moser testified. Laurel seeks the opportunity to attempt to deal with the issues it has with the DPW while remaining in bankruptcy. This Court finds that the possibility that the DPW will terminate funding is insufficient to warrant the filing of this case at this time. First, the DPW is apparently completely unwilling to deal with Laurel’s current management. There is no reason to believe that this bankruptcy case will change the department’s mind. Second, the bankruptcy court may not be able to force the DPW to license or provide funding to Laurel. Thus, as the alleged purpose of the filing is to maintain Laurel as a going concern, that goal appears impossible if the primary funding is lost. This is precisely the point made by DPW’s counsel when he stated that this bankruptcy case can go nowhere if DPW terminates funding to Laurel. Third, it is not apparent why management cannot attempt to negotiate with the DPW regarding funding outside of the bankruptcy case. Fourth, based upon the representations made by DPW’s counsel, the department’s frustration is with the current management of Laurel. The department supports an affiliation with Passavant. Counsel for the DPW was cautious to state that the department would not take any action to precipitate a crisis and that it was awaiting Judge Marsili’s ruling. Without any further elaboration on the statements made at the status conference, it appears that the DPW is awaiting a decision as to who is in control of Laurel before determining what steps to take regarding funding. If the Petitioning Members had the authority to act as they did and reconstitute the board, then the DPW supports the Petitioning Members’ decision to affiliate with Passavant. If it is determined that the current board of Laurel maintains control and had the right to terminate negotiations with Passavant, then the termination of funding by the DPW may occur. The DPW’s decision to continue funding appears to be one more issue tied up in the underlying litigation. Thus, the argument that the potential termination of funding by the DPW creates a financial threat justifying the filing of the bankruptcy case at this time for an otherwise financially — 658 — healthy organization with no unsecured creditors appears to be nothing more than another attempt by one faction of Laurel’s board to maintain control. Furthermore, as stated in SGL Carbon, “The mere possibility of a future need to file, without more, does not establish that a petition was filed in ‘good faith.’ ” 200 F.3d at 164. For the foregoing reasons, this Court finds that the bankruptcy case was not filed in good faith and is dismissed without prejudice. As stated supra, the filing of the bankruptcy petition was a litigation tactic to avoid a potentially adverse ruling in state court. Although it is not this Court’s intention to discourage bankruptcy filings with a legitimate purpose, the extraordinary circumstances of this case justify dismissal. Furthermore, even if the bankruptcy proceeding were permitted to continue, the removed action would have returned to state court for resolution as this Court would have ruled in favor of abstention, remand, and relief from stay. Although dismissal of the bankruptcy case will necessarily remove any impediment the state court had in proceeding with the litigation, in the interest of thoroughly addressing the issues raised by the parties, the Court turns to the Notice of Removal, Motion for Remand, and Motion for Relief from Stay. Notice of Removal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1452(a), “[a] party may remove any claim or cause of action in a civil action ... to the district court for the district where such civil action is pending, if such district court has jurisdiction of such claim or cause of action under section 1334 of this title.” In addition to possessing subject matter jurisdiction over the bankruptcy case, “the district courts ... have original but not exclusive jurisdiction of all civil proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b). Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a), bankruptcy cases and the proceedings arising under, arising in, or related thereto may be, and are, in fact, referred by the district court to bankruptcy judges. At the very least, in order for removal to be appropriate, the proceeding must be “related to” the bankruptcy case for purposes of establishing jurisdiction. “A proceeding is considered to be ‘related to’ a bankruptcy case ... if the ‘outcome of the proceeding could conceivably have any effect on the estate being administered in bankruptcy.’ ” See Lichtenfels v. Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc., No. 09-1590, 2010 WL 653859, at *2, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *7 (W.D.Pa. Feb. 22, 2010) (quoting Pacor v. Higgins, 743 F.2d 984, 994 (3d Cir.1984), overruled on other grounds by Things Remembered, Inc. v. Petrarca, 516 U.S. 124, 116 S.Ct. 494, 133 L.Ed.2d 461 (1995)). “‘Conceivable’ does not simply mean that a proceeding will have a certain or likely impact upon a bankruptcy estate, but that ‘it is possible that a proceeding may impact the debtor’s rights, liabilities, options, or freedom of action, or the handling and administration of the bankrupt estate.” See Lichtenfels, 2010 WL 658859, at *3, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *10 (quoting Halper v. Halper, 164 F.3d 830, 837 (3d Cir.1999)). In this case, the removed action is undeniably related to the instant bankruptcy case. At issue in the removed action is a determination of which individuals are properly in control of Laurel. Therefore, this Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334 and 157. Thus, removal was proper, and the next matter to consider is whether the action is entitled to remain here. Before addressing abstention, remand, and relief from stay, it is noteworthy that — 659 — Laurel consented to the continuation of the litigation in state court with the qualification that this Court continue to exercise jurisdiction over the assets of the bankruptcy estate. Laurel raises a significant point that, if the bankruptcy case remains pending, there should be no disposition of estate assets without this Court’s approval. However, under the circumstances, this appears to be an attempt by Laurel’s current board to restrict the ability of the Petitioning Members to proceed with the affiliation with Passavant if they are successful in state court. If the Petitioning Members succeed in state court, then this bankruptcy case was not filed with appropriate authority in the first place.8 Furthermore, it is not apparent that any potential disposition of Laurel’s assets was before Judge Marsili other than in the event of the Petitioning Members’ success. Thus, Laurel has not established any realistic threat to the disposition of estate assets in the underlying litigation. As a practical matter, any qualification imposed on remand would too severely restrict Judge Marsili’s ability to manage and rule in this case. This Court now turns to the factors which overwhelmingly support abstention, remand, and relief from stay. Mandatory Abstention “Upon motion by a party, a district court is required to abstain from hearing proceedings that are non-core and are based solely on a state law claim or cause of action (i.e. ‘mandatory abstention’).” See Lichtenfels v. Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc., No. 09-1590, 2010 WL 653859, at *3, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *8 (W-D.Pa. Feb. 22, 2010). Abstention is required when the following five requirements are met: (1) the proceeding is based on a state law claim or cause of action; (2) the claim or cause of action is “related to” a case under title 11, but does not “arise under” title 11 and does not “arise in” a case under title 11, (3) federal courts would not have jurisdiction over the claim but for its relation to a bankruptcy case; (4) an action “is commenced” in a state forum of appropriate jurisdiction; and (5) the action can be “timely adjudicated” in a state forum of appropriate jurisdiction. Stoe v. Flaherty, 436 F.3d 209, 213 (3d Cir.2006). With these requirements in mind, the Court examines the removed action. As to the first element, the proceeding is based on a state law cause of action. The removed action involves Laurel’s request for declaratory relief pursuant to Pennsylvania law, and primarily requires application of Pennsylvania’s Nonprofit Corporate Law of 1988. Thus, the first element is met. The second element requires a determination of whether the proceeding is — 660 — core or non-core. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals set forth a two-part analysis for guidance in determining whether a proceeding is core or non-core. See Halper v. Halper, 164 F.3d 830, 836 (3d Cir.1999). First, courts are directed to consult 28 U.S.C. § 157(b) for an illustrative list of proceedings which may be “core”. Id. Second, courts are to consider whether a proceeding invokes a substantive right provided by title 11 (i.e. “arises under” title 11), or one that could only arise in the context of a bankruptcy case (i.e. “arises in” a title 11 case). Id. “All other proceedings that are ‘related to’ a bankruptcy case are considered non-core.” See Lichtenfels, 2010 WL 653859, at *3, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *8. Laurel asserts that the removed action constitutes a core proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(A) & (E). That is, Laurel contends that the removed action is a matter concerning the administration of the estate and involves an order to turn over property of the estate. Pas-savant, however, contends that the removed action is non-core and does not consent to the entry of final orders and judgment by this Court. To resolve the dispute, the Court looks to the substance of the removed action. The Complaint involves purely issues of Pennsylvania law. In fact, the removed action proceeded in state court for over nine months prior to the bankruptcy case. The Complaint neither invokes a substantive right provided by the Bankruptcy Code nor arises solely in the context of a bankruptcy case. As to the third element, there is no alternative basis for jurisdiction in this Court other than the relation to the bankruptcy case. Thus, the third element is satisfied. This action was commenced in the West-moreland County Court of Common Pleas where it had been pending for nearly nine months prior to the bankruptcy case. The state court was an appropriate forum and the fourth element for mandatory abstention is satisfied. The final consideration is whether the matter can be timely adjudicated in the state forum. The state court had been addressing various matters involved in the proceeding for some time, was prepared to rule on some motions if not for the bankruptcy filing, and a trial was scheduled to be held in August. Furthermore, the state court is extremely familiar with the facts of the case and has already issued a decision and order with respect to initial requests for preliminary injunctions. Therefore, the fifth and final element is met under the facts of this case. Accordingly, abstention is mandatory. As this Court has considered all issues raised by the parties and finds that all factors strongly support the return of this litigation to the state court, permissive abstention, equitable remand, and relief from stay will also be addressed herein as alternatives to mandatory abstention. Permissive Abstention “Under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(1), a district court may also abstain from hearing a core proceeding ... ‘in the interest of justice, or in the interest of comity with State courts or respect for State lav/ (i.e. ‘permissive abstention’).” See Lichtenfels, 2010 WL 653859, at *3, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *8. Permissive remand, however, is noted to be an extremely narrow exception. Id. Thus, when a federal court is determined to have proper jurisdiction, “it has a ‘virtually unflagging obligation’ to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by the Constitution or Congress.” See Lichtenfels, 2010 WL 653859, at *3, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *9. A number of factors are — 661 — relevant to determining whether- permissive abstention is appropriate: (1) the effect on the efficient administration of the estate; (2) the extent to which state law issues predominate over bankruptcy issues; (3) the difficulty or unsettled nature of applicable state law; (4) the presence of a related proceeding commenced in state court or other non-bankruptcy court; (5) the jurisdictional basis, if any, under 28 U.S.C. § 1334; (6) the degree of relatedness or remoteness of the proceeding to the main bankruptcy case; (7) the substance rather than the form of an asserted “core” proceeding; (8) the feasibility of severing state law claims from core bankruptcy matters to allow judgments to be entered in state court with enforcement left to the bankruptcy court; (9) the burden on the court’s docket; (10) the likelihood that the commencement of the proceeding in bankruptcy court involves forum shopping by one of the parties; (11) the existence of a right to a jury trial; and (12) the presence of non-debtor parties. See Lichtenfels, 2010 WL 653859, at *9, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *26-27. Some of these items have been addressed in connection with the analysis of dismissal and mandatory abstention. Factors two, four, five, and seven have been addressed, and favor abstention. As to the difficulty or unsettled nature of the Pennsylvania law at issue, Passavant and the Petitioning Members contend that the litigation involves unique questions of state law. Based upon the record, this Court agrees. As to factor nine, this Court does not consider retaining the adversary proceeding on its docket to be a burden. However, as Judge Marsili has addressed these matters for some time and is prepared to rule on pending motions, it is inefficient to retain the removed action in this Court. In the interest of judicial economy, the litigation should continue in state court. As to alleged forum shopping, the timing of the bankruptcy filing is highly suspect as previously discussed and is indicative of bad faith. Therefore, consideration of factor ten weighs in favor of abstention. As to factor eleven, Passavant and the Petitioning Members have asserted a right to a jury trial, providing additional reasons for the court to abstain. As to the final factor, Passavant and the Petitioning Members are non-debtor parties. Laurel chose the forum when it commenced the state court action. The parties litigated for approximately nine months in that forum until Laurel asserted that the court’s orders created an inconvenience and removed the action to this Court. In light of these facts, the non-debtor parties should be permitted to continue the litigation in state court. In sum, although permissive abstention is only granted in limited circumstances, the factors overwhelmingly favor abstention in this case. Equitable Remand, When a claim or cause of action is removed, a court “may remand such claim or cause of action on any equitable ground.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b). If there is any doubt as to whether remand is appropriate, courts should resolve the matter in favor of remand. See Lichtenfels, 2010 WL 653859, at *3, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15079, at *9. “The considerations used to determine permissive remand under Section 1334(c)(1) and equitable re — 662 — mand under Section 1452(b) are essentially the same.” GSL of Ill, LLC v. Pitt Penn Oil Co., LLC, No. 09CV0571, 2009 WL 1691815, at *4, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 51428, at *10 (W.D.Pa. June 17, 2009). As this Court has addressed those factors at length, it is clear that in this case equitable remand is appropriate, and the case would have been remanded.9 Relief from Stay Pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)(1), “[o]n request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing, the court shall grant relief from stay ... such as by terminating, annulling, modifying, or conditioning such stay for cause.... ” As “cause” is not defined, bankruptcy courts determine what constitutes “cause” based on the totality of the circumstances. See Baldino v. Wilson (In re Wilson), 116 F.3d 87, 90 (3d Cir.1997). In a case where non-bankruptcy litigation was commenced in another forum, relief from stay may be appropriate to permit that litigation to conclude, especially when multiple parties are involved or when trial is ready to proceed. See Maintainco, Inc. v. Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift Am., Inc. (In re Mid-Atlantic Handling Sys., LLC), 304 B.R. 111, 130 (Bankr.D.N.J.2003). In this case, determination of who controls Laurel is of paramount concern. The decisions regarding Laurel’s continued operation or its affiliation with Passavant depend upon resolution of the state court action. Furthermore, whether Laurel will continue to receive funding from the DPW will also likely be determined upon resolution of the litigation. Judge Marsili’s experience and knowledge of this case and the fact that he is prepared to rule on an important matter at this time lead this Court to conclude that the interests of judicial economy and the expeditious and economical resolution of litigation are best served by granting relief from stay. V. Conclusion For the foregoing reasons, this Court finds that the bankruptcy petition was filed in bad faith as a litigation tactic and dismissal without prejudice is appropriate based upon these extraordinary circumstances pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 305(a) or, in the alternative § 1112(b). Had the bankruptcy case been permitted to proceed, abstention and/or remand of the removed action would have been appropriate and relief from stay to proceed with that action would have been granted. However, as dismissal of the bankruptcy case is appropriate, the Court need not take any additional action as to the removed action, which shall proceed in state court as it had been prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition. Therefore, the Notice of Removal, the Motion to Remand, and the Motion for Relief from Stay are moot. An appropriate order will be entered. ORDER AND NOW, this 12th day of June, 2012, for the reasons expressed in the Memorandum Opinion entered this date, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED THAT: 1. The Emergency Joint Motion to Dismiss the Chapter 11 Voluntary Petition Filed by Laurel Highlands Foundation, Inc. and Request for Expedited Hearing is GRANTED as — 663 — provided in the Memorandum Opinion and herein. 2. The bankruptcy case is DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. 3. The Notice of Removal, the Emergency Joint Motion to Remand and Request for Expedited Hearing, and the Emergency Joint Motion for Relief from the Automatic Stay Pursuant to Section 362(d)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code and Request for Expedited Hearing are MOOT. Footnotes [1] Defendants Karl E. Frankenstein, W. Harrison Vail, Christina Vail, Darlene Belajac, Theodore R. Belajac, Lawrence R. Perret, Frank V. Roberti, Sandra Roberti, Ellen Wilf, Charles Wilf, Virginia Sullivan, Gene R. Sullivan, David Bartczak, and Debra Bartczak are referred to herein as the "Petitioning Members”. [2] At the June 4, 2012 hearing, Moser testified that, after the bankruptcy case was filed, the fine of credit was canceled. The status of the line of credit was not clarified on the record. [3] This Court notes that Moser's testimony did not credibly contradict this conclusion. [4] Not presently before this Court is another issue regarding the authority to file the bankruptcy petition, which can only be resolved after the state court action is concluded. The question remains whether the board of directors in place pursuant to the status quo order or the board of directors selected by the Petitioning Members is the true board of directors authorized to act on behalf of Laurel. Passavant and the Petitioning Members raise this issue but acknowledge that it cannot be determined at this time. [5] In fact, in a thorough, twenty-eight page Decision and Order (Laurel’s Exhibit 60) issued after an evidentiary hearing, Judge Marsili not only ruled on the pending matter but detailed the factual background leading to the dispute and analyzed the intricate issue of the membership of Laurel. [6] There is no doubt that the current board of Laurel does not wish to see Passavant installed as interim management pending the resolution of the litigation just as it is equally clear that Passavant and the Petitioning Members are troubled by the current management remaining in place while the parties await a determination by the court. From the perspective of the current board and management of Laurel, placing Passavant in the position of interim management may be akin to putting the fox in the hen house so to speak. It is apparent that having a neutral party installed as interim management of Laurel is a viable option, and it is noteworthy that, if this case were to continue in bankruptcy court, it presents facts which would suggest the appointment of a trustee. [7] Laurel contends that Passavant and the Petitioning Members have taken inconsistent positions regarding Laurel's finances by representing to the state court that Laurel was in financial distress and subsequently representing to this Court that Laurel is financially strong. Thus, Laurel contends that judicial estoppel is applicable and Passavant and the Petitioning Members should be prohibited from taking any contrary position. However, this Court is not basing its decision on arguments, but rather on evidence. As this Court finds that the petition was not filed in good faith, it would be inappropriate to permit the bankruptcy case to proceed simply because another party also allegedly acted in bad faith. Furthermore, as the litigation will return to state court, Passavant and the Petitioning Members have now produced evidence and argued extensively as to Laurel’s financial health and are unlikely able to escape that position upon the return of the action to state court. [8] Passavant's characterization at the May 31, 2012 hearing is correct: The bottom line of the State Court case will be a resolution of the question of who controls Laurel and ultimately therefore who gets the directed disposition of its assets. If Laurel wins then it gets to control the disposition of Laurel's assets. If the petitioning members win then the petitioning members get to control the disposition of those assets including terminating a bankruptcy case that never should have been brought in the first place. In other words the State Court action is determinative. Laurel is trying to establish this Court, I believe, as some sort of Appellate Court in violation of the Rooker-Feldman Doctrine because the only way that this Court would ever be asked to exercise its jurisdiction over the assets is if Laurel loses in the State Court. See 05/31/12 Transcript, Doc. No. 100, at 19. [9] The Court notes that, within their Motion for Remand, Passavant and the Petitioning Members request an award of their costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees, resulting from or consequent to the removal of the state court litigation. As the Motion for Remand is moot due to dismissal of the bankruptcy case, the Court does not reach the issue.