Foster v. Huntington

By the court. We shall, in the first place, consider what: interest executors and administrators have, as such, in the goods and chattels of the deceased, and then examine the provisions of our statutes in relation to lands,: which may come into their possession by the extent of executions to secure debts due to the deceased. It seems to be well settled, that executors and: admin-' istrators have an interest in all the personal estate of the deceased, but such estate is not absolutely their own property. They have it in another right, and are only the ministers and dispensers of the goods and chattels of the dead. 9 Coke, 88, Pinchon's case ; 9 Mass. Rep. 74, Wentworth’s executor, 88; Lovel. 21. [110] They may become absolutely the owners of the goods by the payment of debts to the full value. 3 Johns. Ch. Rep. 318; 1 J. & W. 64 ; Shep. Touch. 475. But until they thus become the absolute owners, the goods of the deceased cannot be taken on execution to pay their own debts. Godol. 138. They cannot devise the goods and chattels belonging to the estate, for such deyise is void. Godol. 296 ; Plowden, 626. But they may sell for the payment of debts, &c. any of the chattels, real or personal, whereof the deceased died possessed. Shep. Touch. 475; 7 Johns. Ch. Rep. 155; 7 Vesey, 165. It therefore seems that the interest of executors and administrators, as such, in the goods and chattels of the deceased, is that of mere trustees with an authority to sell. And if there were no provisions of our statutes on the subject, and their interest in lands acquired by extents to secure debts due to the deceased, followed their interest in such debts, they must be considered as trustees of the land with authority to sell. But this matter is regulated by statute. It is provided by the eighth section of the statute of July 2,1822, “ that if an executor or administrator, in order to secure or satisfy a debt due the deceased, shall levy on the land of the debtor, the heirs and widow, or legatees shall have the same right in the land so levied that they had in the demand thereby secured or satisfied, and it shall vest in them accordingly ; subject to the just demands with which the estate stands charged, to the same extent as the money, if received for the debt, would be subject, and to be sold by the executor or administrator in the manner provided by law. And in case of disseizin, the executor or administrator may sue for and recover the land so levied, declaring on his seizin thereof in his said capacity,”' It is father provided, in another statute of the 2d July, 1822, empowering the several judges of probate to li [111] cense executors, &c, to sell real estate, section 4, “ that when any executor or administrator, in order to secure or satisfy a debt due the deceased, shall have levied on the land of the debtor, it shall be in the power of the judge of probate, after giving notice, &c. to license the executor or administrator who shall give bond and be sworn, &c. to sell, &c. the land so levied, although the sale thereof be not necessary for the payment of the said just demands.” By the express words of the said eighth section, the title to lands acquired by an extent to secure a debt due to the deceased, is vested in those wbo were beneficially interested in the debt, subject however to be sold by the executor or administrator, in the manner hy law provided, for the payment of just demands against the estate. We think that the words u provided by law," mean, provided by statute. In the other section above recited, there is an express provision for a license. We are not aware, that there is any manner provided by law for the sale of lands, vested in heirs, by executors or administrators except by a license from the judge of probate. We are therefore of opinion, that nothing passed in this case by the deed of the said Mary Foster to the deman-dant, except that part of the land, on which the execution, which she had in her own right, was extended, and there must be judgment accordingly.