People v. Oriols

Ms. Chiee Justice Hernández delivered the opinion of the court. This was a criminal action prosecuted in the District Court of San Juan, Section 2. The complaint was made by policeman Carlos Valdespino against Juan Oriols for aggravated assault and battery and it was alleged therein “that at 10 p. m. of February 3, 1918, on Pilar Street, Cataño, of the municipal district of Baya-món in the judicial district of San Juan, Juan Oriols unlawfully, wilfully and with criminal intent to inflict grave bodily injury upon the person of Mercedes López Sola, assaulted [196] and struck her with a knife, inflicting1 a wonnd in the right side of her neck for which she was treated at the Bayamón hospital.” The complaint concludes with the explanation that “the aggravated circumstance in this case consists in that the victim is a woman and the assailant an adult male.” The case went to trial and the court rendered judgment on December 23, 1918, convicting Juan Oriols of aggravated assault and battery and sentencing him to six months imprisonment in jail, with the costs. From that judgment he appealed to this court. The appellant bases his appeal on the ground that neither the complaint nor the evidence shows that the defendant was an adult male, or a male over 21 years of age, and this showing is absolutely necessary in order that the circumstance specifically stated in the complaint may be considered an aggravating circumstance, according to the jurisprudence laid down by this court in the case of People v. Colón, 25 P. R. R. 586. The Fiscal admits, and we agree with him, that the said aggravating circumstance cannot be considered, but contends that the aggravating circumstances enumerated in subdivisions 7, 8 and 9 of section 6 of the act of March 10, 1904, were present in this case. Section 6 of the said act reads as follows: “Section 6. — An assault and battery becomes aggravated when committed under any of the following circumstances: # # # # ■ * . # * “7. When a serious bodily injury is inflicted upon the person assaulted; “8. When committed with deadly weapons under circumstances not amounting to an intent to kill or maim; “9. When committed with premeditated design, and by the use of means calculated to inflict great bodily injury.” Neither the complaint nor the evidence informs us of the nature and extent of the wound inflicted upon the victim; [197] therefore we have no basis for determining the existence of circumstance No. 7. As to circumstance No. 8, the complaint charges that the accused assaulted and struck the victim with a knife, inflicting a wound in the right side of her neck, and Mercedes López Sotó, the only witness who gave direct evidence for the prosecution, testified “that on February 3 the accused went twice to her home and tried to force her to live with him, and one evening called her in the presence of her neighbors and attacked her with a razor, cutting her in the neck, because she would not go to live with him, her wound having been dressed in the emergency hospital at Bayamón where she continued to go every day for medical attention.” For the purpose of considering that circumstance it is immaterial whether the wound was made with a knife or with a razor, for although in common language a knife is often improperly called a razor, we held in the case of People v. Galarza, 23 P. R. R. 335, that when the weapon used is a firearm or a knife, a revolver may be proved in the first case and any other similar cutting instrument in the second. It is sufficient that either weapon be deadly. A deadly weapon is understood to be a weapon capable of causing death or producing serious bodily injury, and when the weapon with which the assault is committed has been identified, the question of whether or not it is a deadly weapon is one of law (People v. Fuqua, 58 Cal. 245, and People v. Leyba, 74 Cal. 407) and no evidence is necessary, unless there is some doubt as to the kind of weapon employed, or unless the fact as to whether or not it is' a deadly weapon depends upon the manner in which it is used, and in such a case it is a question of fact to he considered by the jury upon the evidence or by the trial court, as the case may be. People v. Rodrigo, 69 Cal. 601; People v. Leyba, supra; People v. Rivas, 16 P. R. R. 581. A deadly weapon may be defined as any instrument capable of causing death or producing great bodily injury when [198] used in the ordinary and customary manner according to its form and construction. 2 it. C. L. Assault and Battery, par. 25. In this case the razor or knife, although it was not seized or identified, was used in the ordinary and customary manner and was capable of causing death or producing serious bodily injury to the victim, in view of the part of the neck in which the wound was inflicted. The weapon employed was a deadly one; hence the offense should be considered as accompanied by the aggravated circumstance defined under subdivision 8. It is not important that the complaint sets up that “the aggravated circumstance in this case consists in that the victim is a woman and the assailant an adult male.” The complaint states facts constituting the aggravated circumstance defined under subdivision 8 of section 6 of the Act relating to the matter and that is sufficient to justify its being-considered against the accused. It is immaterial that the conviction was based on one or the other of the facts set up in the complaint. Vaechter v. State, 30 S. W. 444. See also section 362 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. As regards the element of aggravation set out under No. 9, neither the complaint nor the evidence shows that the act was committed with premeditated design and by the use of means calculated to inflict grave bodily injury. The judgment appealed from should be ■Affirmed. Justices del Toro, Aldrey and Hutchison concurred. Mr. Justice Wolf dissented.