Holman v. Pleasant Grove City

Zane, 0. J.: The plaintiff alleged in his complaint that, in 1851, John G. Holman, the father of the plaintiff, appropriated from American Fork river sufficient water to irrigate fifty acres of land, and in 18G9 enough more to irrigate ten acres; that in 1874 plaintiff acquired the land and the water right in question from his father; and that in 1888 and 1889 the defendant’s watermaster denied him the use of it. The defendant, in its answer, denied the appropriation of the water by John G. Holman, and the acquisition of it by the plaintiff. At the conclusion of plaintiff’s evidence the defendant moved the court to nonsuit the plaintiff on the ground of a variance between the allegations and proofs. The court overruled the motion, and the defendant excepted, and he now assigns that ruling as error. As to when the water was first used to irrigate plaintiff’s land, and whether at first by him or his father, or by both, the evidence is conflicting. The court found that in 1869 the plaintiff and his father, for the use of the former, first made the appropriation; and from the evidence this appears to be the most reasonable conclusion. The irrigation of plaintiff’s land from the waters of the American Fork river was the substance of the allegation, and the date of the first appropriation, as alleged, was not descriptive of the plaintiff’s right. An averment that a written instrument was made on a certain day does not make the date descriptive of the instrument, but an allegation that the instrument bears a certain date makes the date descriptive of the paper; and so as to an act raising a legal right, or that amounts to a legal wrong or imposes a [82] legal duty, or constitutes a tort or a crime, it is not necessary to prove tbe date alleged. Under sucb averments, proof of tbe act on another day does not constitute a variance. Tbe substance of the plaintiff’s allegation as to date was proven by evidence of tbe use of tbe water in 1869 to irrigate plaintiff’s land.' Tbe right may not be as valuable as it would have been bad it commenced as early as alleged ' in plaintiff’s complaint,. but nevertheless it is a right that tbe law recognizes, and furnishes a remedy to protect. Tbe fact ’ that tbe evidence shows that tbe water was first used on tbe land by plaintiff and bis father for plaintiff’s use, and not by the father alone, as alleged, is not a material difference. It does appear from the findings that tbe plaintiff, after the first appropriation for his use, used the water on his land until tbe institution of this suit, and without being limited as a second-class bolder, except in tbe years 1888 and 1889. Tbe use of tbe water upon tbe land from year to year constituted, in fact and in law, an appropriation of it by him; and though the water may have been used at first by tbe plaintiff and bis father, tbe continued use of it by the former after 1874 gave him a legal right to maintain and defend it by the institution of this action. “No variance between tbe allegations in pleading and the proof is to be deemed material unless it has actually misled tbe adverse party to bis prejudice in maintaining bis action or defense upon the merits. * * * Where tbe variance is not material, as provided in tbe last section, tbe court may direct tbe fact to be found according to tbe evidence.” Comp. Laws Utah, 1888, §§ 3252, 3253. ■ Tbe disagreement pointed out by tbe defendant between the allegations and proof we do not regard as a material variance. It appears from the record that the plaintiff’s land is situated within tbe limits of Pleasant Grove City, and that the municipality, without objection on tbe part of tbe appropriators, assumed the right to control and distribute [83] the water in question, and that some of the proprietors had commenced the use of the water as early as 1851, and others from time to time through a period of more than twenty-five years, and that a pro rata distribution was made for many years after the city took control by its watermaster. The court, in the decree appealed from, allowed the plaintiff: sufficient water to irrigate his sixty acres of land, subject to diminution pro rata with other appropriates. This decree the defendant assigns as error. The city declared that- all appropriations made prior to I860 should be first-class rights, and that all made after-wards should be second-class, and that the supply of the second-class should be restricted when there is not enough for all. According to the regulation, no distinction was to be made among those composing the first class or among those of the second class. The appropriation in 1864 is placed on an equality with the appropriation in 1851, and no distinction is made between the appropriator in 1865 and another making an appropriation ten or more years afterwards. When the right according to priority is abandoned, and the city takes control and assumes and exercises the authority of distribution, with the consent of the holder of the right, he must be held to subject himself to reasonable regulations to be adopted and enforced by the municipality. Springville v. Fullmer, 7 Utah, 450. Ordinances or by-laws of a city, regulating and providing for the distribution of water to its residents, should be reasonable. They should be equal. Pleasant Grove City had no right arbitrarily to throw all the appropriates before 1865 into one class, and all appropriating after 1860 into another class. Such discrimination was inequitable and unequal, and therefore void. To ascertain the precise cfay that water was first used on each lot of ground or tract of land within the limits of a city would be impracticable, and to give all the water in dry weather to the residents on the property first irrigated, and leave those upon property [84] irrigated later without any water, would be a great liardship to them. When the people of a city surrender their control of its water supply, and there is not enough to furnish all as much as they need, the municipality should make a pro rata reduction in proportion to the amount required by each. By acquiescing in the distribution of water to them by the city • the appropriators must be regarded as subjecting their rights to such power to regulate the use of them as the municipality possesses. The decree allowed the plaintiff enough water to irrigate his sixty acres of land subject to a pro rata restriction when necessary. This decree is certain and definite in this case, because the appropriation being subject to a pro rata restriction, the amount necessary to irrigate the fifty acres cannot be accurately defined. But in a case where the amount of water is not subject to a pro rata restriction and to regulation by a municipality, the decree should specify the amount of, water necessary by an approved mode of measurement. Lakeside Ditch Co. v. Crane, 80 Cal. 181. It may be difficult to determine how much, water is required to irrigate an acre of land, but we are of the opinion that it can be sufficiently approximated. The decree of the court below is affirmed. ANDERSON, J., and Mineb, J., concurred.