Coombs v. Salt Lake & Fort Douglas Railway Co.

KING, J.: From the record in this case it appears that suit was-brought by the plaintiff against the defendant corporations, to secure a permanent injunction, preventing them from operating their road or running cars thereon, unless there was-paid to plaintiff, within such time as might be determined by the court, a sum of money sufficient to compensate her for the lasting injuries accruing to her. property through the construction and maintenance of defendant-railroad. The cause was tried by the court, which found — 140 — in harmony with the material allegations of the complaint. Among other things, the court found that plaintiff was the ■owner of valuable property in Salt Lake City, which was bounded on the north and west by public streets, and that defendant Salt Lake & Ft. Douglas Eailway Company constructed its road along said streets, and in front of her property, and in so doing made a large and deep cut, as a result of which one of the streets was ruined, and egress from and ingress to said premises rendered impossible; that a corner of plaintiff’s property was entered upon and cut .away in the construction of said road; that defendant never acquired, by purchase or otherwise, the easements and prop-arty injured; that, since the construction of said road, defendant Salt Lake & Ft. Douglas Eailway Company has ■continuously operated its trains on the same, and the Utah Central Company, since its incorporation, has and now is running its trains thereon, under a lease from the former; that the running and operating of said trains, which continues night and day, jars said premises and the residences thereon, and throws ashes and cinders, sparks and smoke, thereon, and has repeatedly set fire to said residences; that said property is in the immediate neighborhood of, and is especially fitted for, superior residences, but that it has been greatly damaged by the construction and operation of defendant’s road; that said damages amount to $3,300; that the injury thereto is permanent in its character, and is continuously and constantly recurring, so that it is a great hurt, inconvenience, and damage to said property ■and easements and hereditaments appurtenant theieto; that .said defendants are insolvent. Upon these findings of fact and the conclusions of Jaw, the court awarded plaintiff judgment for $3,300, as dam.ages, together with costs against the Salt Lake & Ft. Douglas Eailway Company, and ordered that plaintiff execute .a deed to it conveying the easements and property taken — 141 — and injured, and release it from further damages upon the payment of said sum. It was further ordered that the injunction and injunctive relief be denied, and that the plaintiff do not recover as against the Utah Central Eailway Company. No exceptions whatever were taken by the defendants to any proceedings or findings or judgment of the court. The plaintiff excepted only to that part of the decree denying injunctive relief. Subsequently she appealed to the supreme court of the territory, assigning as error the refusal of the court to grant the injunction as prayed for in her complaint. The record before this court discloses; that the former appeal was taken on the judgment roll, and that the only portion of the decree appealed from was that denying plaintiff an injunction nisi; that both parties were satisfied with the findings of facts, took no exceptions; thereto, nor did either ask for a new trial; that the error assigned was that the only portion of the judgment appealed from was not supported by the findings of fact. The appellate court decided: “It is the duty of the court to enjoin the company's (defendant's) use of the property, unless within a specified time it will pay the damage assessed. It follows that the court erred in not granting the-injunction prayed for upon the conditions named. Judgment reversed, and the case is remanded." Coombs v. Railway Co., 9 Utah, 322, 34 Pac. 248. Upon filing the remit-titur in the lower court, with a certified copy of the opinion, appellant moved the court to enter a proper judgment, and grant an injunction nisi, in accordance with the opinion of the supreme court. The motion was overruled, and from the order overruling the motion plaintiff appeals. One question only is presented for determination, viz.: "What decree ought the lower court to have entered, with the record and remittitur before it? It is contended by the appellant that it was the duty of the lower court to. — 142 — look into the entire record, enter a decree awarding an injunction, unless respondent paid the damages theretofore found, within a reasonable time determined by the court; and the respondent earnestly insists that the decision of the supreme court was tantamount to a reversal of the •case, and a direction to grant a new trial, and that the ■case was open for a retrial, at least upon the injunctive feature. It is evident from the ‘''opinion” of the court (9 Utah 322, 34 Pac. 248) that the question presented by the appeal was whether- or not the trial court had erred in denying the injunction. It was an equitable action, the ■damages being incidental, inasmuch as the insolvency of the defendant precluded any recovery, except through the ■employment of the injunctive powers of the court. The power of the court to grant an injunction was discussed, ■and it was held that the injunction should have been .granted. “ It follows that the court below erred in not granting the injunction prayed, upon the conditions named. Judgment reversed, and the case is remanded,” — is the language of the opinion. • We think this language. susceptible of but one interpretation. It was a decision that the plaintiff was entitled to a perpetual injunction, enjoining the operation of defendant’s railroad (upon her tendering a deed as provided in the findings of fact), unless plaintiff’s damages were paid. The words “conditions named” unmistakably referred to the tender of a proper ■deed upon the part of plaintiff, and the payment of the ■damages upon the part of the defendant. The concluding .sentences from the “ opinion,” as above set out, were ■equivalent to a direction that the lower court look into the record, and ascertain the conditions,1 and award plaintiff the injunctive relief prayed for, unless, within such reasonable time determined by the court, plaintiff’s dam.ages were paid. A new trial was not ordered. A re-examination of the issues was not contemplated, and, in view — 143 — <of the record, not required. The plaintiff’s injury was a recurring one. The insolvency of the defendant left but one remedy. It was a proper case for an injunction. It ■ought to have been granted by the trial court. This error was reversed, and, upon the remanding of the case, there was but the one duty for the court to perform, — correct it as directed by the supreme court. What was to be tried, upon respondent’s theory that the supreme court .granted a “new trial?” No appeal was taken from that portion of the decree awarding damages, so that the judgment for damages was res adjudicata. The findings, having been full and adequate upon every material issue raised by the pleadings, and not having been excepted to by either party, stand as the conceded facts of the case. 'They are in effect an “agreed case,” and the lower court will always on an agreed case, stating a real cause of •action, enter judgment. If it errs, the upper court will reverse and remand, "not for the purpose of forcing the parties to agree upon a different case, but in order that the loAver court may enter a proper judgment in accordance with the opinion. The upper court may, in terms, direct the lower court to enter a particular judgment; but if it •simply reverses and remands the case, without directing what kind of judgment should be entered, then it is the ■duty of the lower court to look into the record, and enter •such judgment as the opinion and record warrant. No evidence was carried up on the former appeal in this ■case, and this court is bound to presume that the special findings made by the court were warranted by the evidence; •and the only question before the court on the former appeal was whether the facts as found warranted an injunction. It was held that they did. If it had been intended that a :new trial should be granted, it would have been so ordered. Where it is possible, the upper court should end the litigation; and where the facts are before it, and all the ma — 144 — terial issues are disposed oí, and it is plain that the party against whom the reversal is pronounced cannot prevail in the suit npon -retrial, the proper judgment should be directed on the findings. “Where all the material issues are disposed' of by the findings, it seems unreasonable, and contrary to-settled rules of practice, to presume, in the absence of anything in the record to such effect, either that the respondent did not do his duty in producing all of his evidence, or that the findings of the court upon such evidence were-incorrect. The natural presumption, in the absence of' anything in the record to the contrary, is that the respondent had a full and fair trial; that he was afforded every opportunity to produce all of his evidence; and that he-did not keep back anything, but did what the settled rules-required of him, and produced all of his proof; and that-the action of the court thereon was regular and correct. Now, if such be the case (the policy of the law being adverse to the prolonging of the litigation, if it can be avoided), it would seem to be an unsound rule which, compels the party to go through the strife of a second-trial upon the bare possibility, not founded upon anything-in the record, that the respondent might be able to make-a different case upon retrial.” Hayne, New Trial, § 296. We do not think this view is opposed by the cases cited by resj>ondents. It cannot be doubted but that the lower-court has no authority to enter a different, judgment-from that directed by the appellate court. The principal, case upon which respondent relies is Griffin v. Marquardt, 17 N. Y. 28; and counsel furnishes us with an excerpt" from the opinion of the court, which is: “ Where, however, the judgment at special term is reversed for error-in law, a new trial should be awarded, unless it is entirely-plain from the pleadings or the very nature of the controversy that the party against whom the reversal is pronounced cannot, upon any fresh evidence, prevail in the-. — 145 — suit. It is proper to say, and to say it with great distinctness, as the opinion of this court, that extreme caution ought to be exercised in refusing a new trial where judgments are reversed. The discretion of the appellate courts should be exercised in that direction only in cases where it is entirely clear, either from the pleadings or from the very nature of the controversy, that a party against whom the reversal is pronounced cannot prevail in the suit." With this view we concur. The record in the case at bar discloses that the defendants' admitted the construction of the road upon the streets named, the making of the excavations therein, and the continuous use of said railroad for the operation of trains thereon, and, to defeat plaintiffs action, contended that the franchise was obtained from Salt Lake City to construct said railroad along said streets, and that the trains were operated thereon for a number of years without complaint, protest, or objection from plaintiff, and that, by reason of delay or laches and long occupation of the premises, plaintiff should not be allowed to maintain her action for injunction against the defendants. The question of damages having been eliminated from the case by the judgment of the court, unappealed from, a question of law only was presented upon the appeal, and this question was determined in favor of the appellant. In the language of the case last cited, it was “ entirely plain from the pleadings and the very nature of the controversy that the party against whom the reversal was pronounced could not, upon any fresh evidence, prevail in the suit." The case of Guernsey v. Miller, 80 N. Y. 183, is relied upon by respondents’ counsel to sustain the position that the action of the supreme court in the case at bai\ was. tantamount to a direction for a new trial. In that case the court say: “ We think, however, that the general term — 146 — ■erred in directing judgment in favor of Van Kleeck. It cannot be said that upon a new trial the case would remain unaltered. The facts are not undisputed, and as it does not appear that the respondent is entitled to judgment in his ■favor, as a matter-of law, the issues made by the respective parties should have been sent back to the trial court for its determination.” We think that, from all that appeared in this case upon its presentation, to the supreme court, the appellant was entitled to j udgment in her favor, as a matter of law. The case of National Inv. Co. v. National Savings, etc., Ass’n (Minn.), 53 N. W. 546, is instructive on this question. The action was tried, without a jury, by the court, who filed findings of fact and conclusions of law, and ordered judgment for the plaintiff. ■ IJpon appeal to the supreme court by the defendant, judgment was reversed, the words employed by the court being “ Judgment reversed.” Upon a mandate of the supreme court, defendant moved for judgment, without further trial, which motion was granted. From the order denying a new trial, plaintiff appealed, and the case was affirmed. The court say: “The effect of a simple reversal of judgment depends upon the grounds upon which the reversal is based, as expressed in the opinion of the court. In the absence of any formal direction, the opinion is to be consulted for the purpose of determining the effect of the reversal.” An examination of the opinion of the court in the present case shows that the judgment was reversed, not because of any error in law occurring at the trial, or because the findings of fact were not justified by the evidence, but solely upon the ground that, upon the findings of fact as made, the defendant, and not the plaintiff, was entitled to judgment. Upon such a state of facts no new trial was necessary, but, as was said in Jordan v. Humphrey (Minn.), 21 N. W. 713, merely the correction or modification of the — 147 — judgment; so it shall answer the formal definition of “judgment,” to wit: “The sentence of law upon the record.” Where the judgment is reversed solely upon the ground that it is not the one that should have been rendered upon the verdict or findings of fact, the effect of simple reversal is to send the case back, not for new trial, but merely for correction of judgment. In the case of Treadway v. Johnson, 39 Mo. App. 176, the court say: “The only question which seems to be presented on this appeal is whether the court erred in entertaining the defendant’s motion to enter judgment, without giving the plaintiff an opportunity of retrying -the cause. The propositions involved in this cause were not propositions of fact, but propositions of law. The contract between the parties was entirely in writing, the meaning and legal effect of which the court construed when the case was here on the first appeal. Under these circumstances, there was nothing for the circuit court to try after the cause was remanded, and the only judgment it could render, in conformity with the direction of our opinion, was the judgment it actually did render.” And, where an action was brought to reform a deed, judgment was for the defendant, and the plaintiff appealed. No dispute arose as to the facts found, the only question being whether, on these facts, plaintiff was entitled to judgment. The court of appeals held that he was, and remanded the case, that the deed might be reformed, and judgment entered for damages. Under these circumstances, it was held that the lower court had no right to retry the facts. Butler v. Barnes (Conn.) 24 Atl. 328. In the case of Gaines v. Rugg, 148 U. S. 228, 13 Sup. Ct. 611, it appears that the decree was entered by the circuit court, awarding possession of certain lands to the plaintiff, and that he have an accounting. On appeal to the supreme court it held that there was no error in the — 148 — proceedings below in respect to the title and possession of the lands, bnt reversed the decree for error in certain items of accounting. The order of the court in reversing the case was that the case be “ remanded for further proceedings to be had therein in conformity with the opinion and: decree of this court, as according to right and justice and the-laws of the United States ought to be had.” The lower court attempted to reopen the case, and mandamus proceedings were instituted, although the court stated that, an appeal would lie. The court say: “ Because this court was dissatisfied with the decree in respect to the accounting, and only for that reason, it reversed the decree; but. it remanded the cause to the district court,, with a direction, as the opinion and mandate explicitly state, for further proceedings to be had therein in conformity with the-opinion of this court. It did not disturb the findings and decrees of the circuit court in regard to the title and possession, but only its disposition of the matter of accounting. The mandate and opinion, taken together, although they use the word, ‘ reversed/ amount to a reversal only in respect to the accounting, and to a modification of the-decree in respect to the accounting; and to an affirmance of it in all other respects. It is contended for the respondent that the decree of this court was one absolutely-reversing the decree of the circuit court; that the circuit, court had a right, therefore, to proceed in the case of the-language of the mandate, not merely ‘in conformity with the opinion and decree of this court/ but also ‘ according to right and justice;5 and that, therefore, ‘it had authority to permit defendant to take further testimony in the support of his exceptions,5 and to set down the cause ‘ upon the issues formed by the pleadings and exceptions.5 In other words, that the whole controversy would be reopened as if it-had never been passed upon by this court as to the title and possession of the land. This cannot be allowed, and is not in accordance with the opinion and mandate of this court.55' — 149 — From tbe authorities cited, and in reason, we are of the ■opinion that the lower court should have entered a decree ■as prayed for by the appellant, upon receiving the remit-titur from this court; and that it was error in overruling plaintiff’s motion for an order entering a final judgment ■and injunction nisi. Accordingly, the judgment of the lower court is reversed, and the cause remanded, with ■directions that the lower court, upon the execution of a deed by the appellant as set forth in the judgment of the trial court, enter a final judgment, and grant an injunction, as prayed for in plaintiff’s complaint, unless the defendant pays, within such time as the court may determine, the judgment for damages heretofore entered in said ■court. Smith, J.,' concurs.