Widow & Heirs of De La Lande v. Treasurer of the State

Mr. Chief Justice TANEY delivered the opinion of the court. This case is brought here, by writ of error directed to the supreme court of. the State of Louisiana, under the 25th section of the act of 1789. *2 It appears that a proceeding was instituted in the state court by the treasurer of the State to recover certain taxes, alleged to be due from the plaintiffs in error, under a law of Louisiana, which imposes a tax of ten per cent, upon the amount of property inherited by aliens in that State. The payment of the tax was resisted by the' plaintiffs in error; but the case was finally decided against.them in the supreme-court of Louisiana; and they thereupon brought this writ of error, upon the ground that the authority exercised under the state law was contrary to the constitution ' and treaties of the United States. The citation required by the act of 1789, was served on the treasurer, by whom and in whose name, as treasurer, the proceedings had been instituted and conducted, and in whose favor the judgment was entered. A motion is now made to dismiss this writ of error, upon the ■ground that the State is the real party to the suit, in the name of the treasurer; and that the citation ought, therefore, to have been served on the chief executive magistrate and attorney-general of the State, according to the provisions of the 10th rule of this court. ■But that rule applies to those cases only in which the State is a party on the record. It is intended to point out the officers who shall be held to represent the State when process is issued against it, so far as the service of the ■ process is concerned. The only mode in which a State can be cited to appear,' is by serving the process on some one or more of its officers; and those above named in the rule were considered by the court to be its appropriate representatives, in a summons or citation to appear in this court. • But the citation must be directed to the party on the record, and served on him. And when an officer of the State is the party prosecuting the suit for the State, the citation must be served on him. In this case, a notice or citation on the chief executive officer or attorney-general would not be sufficient; for the treasurer is the person who has obtained the judgment, ■ and has the right to receive the money. He is the actor— the plaintiff in the suit. And the chief executive officer and attorney-generál do not represent him, and may or may not support his proceedings. This'rule of practice has been uniformly followed in this court. There have been many cases in which an officer of the State, acting in behalf of the. State, has been one of the parties. And the 10th rule has never been applied to a case of that kind; and the citation has always been served on the officer, whether conducting the proceedings in his own name, or that *3 of his office. The practice is founded upon the.language of the act of 1789, c. 20, which directs the “ adverse parly” to be cited, on a writ of error or appeal. The “ adverse party ” is the one which appeared in the suit, and who prosecuted or defended it, and in whose favor the judgment was rendered, which the plaintiff in the writ of error seeks to reverse. The motion to dismiss this writ of error must, therefore, be overruled. Order.. ' Ón consideration of the motion made by Mr. Dmbar, to dismiss this cause on a prior day of the present temí, to wit, on Friday, the 19th instant, and of the* arguments of counsel thereupon, had as well against as. in support thereof, it .is now here ordered by the court that the said motion be, and the same is, hereby overruled.